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The Main Institutions of Jewish 17!:lO::J ,( J. Herzog) )W1:, N"' :ii:, ;-JN71
: C'N:J;-J C'l:11::l ::,n,:,;, ,Law, vol. I (London 1936), p. 133

A Tannaitic text occurring in the Toseplrta Baba Kamma speaks with rather
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328 327 :io!Ji:i:, n,:,,l'C:i
296 lO!Jil'l!1 C'i!JO,l 1!l07' nC,::i1:,::i
297
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301-299 ::i,irp 11:ll 7,n ;ro!)i;;::i
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301-299 0'101:l
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402 n•,ir,iti•iti m::>7.lo ,o,n:i
378 377 367 366 351 275 J;tr.l .riTn
424 420 419
3 I 6-314 Tl:JIUK •r.,:,r,
316-314 ,,De '7.l::>n
305 1;r:i mmon
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366 298 297 243 242 206 r,1:i,,t,::,

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303 302
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89 17.lltl.'1:> c•::,cm, ,:in7.l
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234 228 224 209 203 198 196 192
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343 342 337 335 333 331 327 326
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390-388 207 C'j'OiD, 0"V7 m,m
212 211 207 nll"p ;'17.l:)0;'1? 1U'l:l
399 398 385 334 333
194 J;'T:J ,,,,1
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309 tl'7.lll7
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437 n,r.,::,o;r JM n"10'1M;'T

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440-438 p:i 1!l11J n,'.l)t,
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256-254 ,:in7.l m:,T n':>:il;r 1.r:i w•w
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306 288 213-211 o•:iorJ;r nm:,
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327 c•:ii:, nK m:>T? O'!li7.)i1 nm:i
327 0'!)17.)il 7111 Oi1p J1'0'l
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303 302 2s1 noc,:,:,
298 24r2 3 7 yn',:::ip ?ll m,nn
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321 -309 ,:::i,:::i m1pn
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385 368 277 254 253 235 234 174
428 427
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207 0'!)17.);'I
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329 322 303 251 242 235 213 209
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427
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192 188 187 185 184 176"168 163
399-397 356 242 241 201 199 195
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376 110'N c:,:i 1lnl
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373 1p!ln
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3 7 6 ]?J"j'? 1'1:::l'lii1 n',:::ip n'l:>7.) JD pin
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437 418
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88 lilllJ
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314 312 304 303 300 293 287 278
441 374 337 324

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282 ,::in,,:,
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166 C'C'!l11:)
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327 326 14S
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249 ,,n,,,:,,; •1un:, ;rr.,:,o:,
285-211 148 89 irJlY? o,x nt.l::>tm
368 305
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301 28s-249 t1•!l11J nr,,11';, ,,n,,,:,,
308
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117 IOI 86 O•!li:itv
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275-271
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409 406
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79-76 o•inN ?Y ,,!lo niu:, it11M
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467

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426 11:llV
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1
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115 I 13 73 43 41 40 C'i::l1
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382 r1!lC1l i1C!l1:"I ioiM:, j'1l
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361 mo:ic:,
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10 I
C'i'.!t1' ni::>t nilj?!l Jlj?'n? pin nll'.!til
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The Constitution of United States
of America, article 1, section 8,
clause 8 15
Loi du 11 mars 1957 sur la
propriete litteraire et Artistique
(Code Civil, art. 543) 14

•po!:>
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1s

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118 1953
48 42 •yo ,1967"1":nzm;i ,O't:ll1'!lil p,n
I 18 I 6

Macmillan v. Cooper, (1923) 40
T.L.R. 186 18
Fox Film Corp. v. Doyal, 286
U.S. 123 ,127 (1932) 15

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360 334 :,"ipn
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271
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289 1':-J:::Ji1 'O
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163 i1"31pn :::i;:::i';,
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175 l"lj:'1'1 j'';,1::J ,1VK1 0'7JlV:l
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258 l":>pn rr., ,C'll J'llr.,
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305 l.'"n 01,u1VT.lM ,,mm nn!lr.,
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274 273 271 i"?lV MU'Wlj' ,11'1:l 11pr.,
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162 161 c"1n ::i,p,oll'!l ,:mm pw,
198
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331 il"Ypn :nwi,•11:i ,t:l"WY:i;r ,n:nv
332
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391 i"i,pn
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222 T":i1n
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294 1"!ll'1
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318 o"';,1,n
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314"311 223 i'"l'I
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Blau, L.: The Pope, The Father of Jewish Approbations, JQR 10 (1897-8),
p. 175-176.
Copinger and Skone James on Copyright, 13th ed., London 1990.
Finkelstein, L.: Jewish Self Government in the Middle Ages, N.Y. 1924.
rep. N.Y. 1975.
Funk, S.: Der Schutz der geistigen Arbeit in der Halacha, JJLG 18 (1927),
p. 289-304.
Ginsburg, C.D.: lntroduction to the Massoretico-Critical Edition of the
Hebrew Bible, London 1897. rep. 1966.
Herzog, I.: The Main Institutions of Jewish Law, vol. I, London 1935. rep.
1965.
Jewish Encyclopedia, vol. 2, p. 27-29: Approbation or Recommendation.
Kaufmann, D.: The First Approbation of Hebrew Books, JQR 10 (1897-98)
p. 383-384.
Krauss, S.: Griechische und Lateinische Lehnworter im Talmud, Midrasch
und Targum, vol. 2, Berlin 1899.
Lowenstein, L.: Index approbationum mr.,:,o:,:, nn!lr.i , Berlin 1923.

513

The New Encyclopaedia Britannica, Macropaedia, vol. 5, p. 152-157:
Copyright Law.
Nimmer on Copyright, rev. ed., N.Y. 1978.
Perles, A.: Das Piagium, MGWJ 58 (1914), p. 305-322.
Perles, J.: Beitrage zur Geschichte der hebraischen und arama.ischen Studien,
Munchen 1884.
Sonne, I.; Zafran, H.C.: Notes of Signatures Found in Hebrew Books,
Studies in Bibliography and Booklore I (1953-54), p. 14-20.
Steinschneider, M.: Catalogus Librorum Hebrareorum in Bibliotheca
Bodleiana, Berolini, 1852-1860.
Twersky, I.: Rabad of Posquieres, A Twelfth-century Talmudist, Cambridge,
Mass. 1962; rev. ed. 1980.
Wachstein, B.: Bemerkungen zu Lowenstein's Index Approbationum,
MGWJ 71 (1927), p. 123-133.
Weil, G.E.: Elie Levita, Leiden 1963.
Weinberg, M.: Die Hebraischen Druckereien in Sulzbach, JJLG 1 (1903),
p. 19-202.

514

NAHUM RAKOVER

IN
JEWISH SOURCES

The Library of Jewish Law

The Library of Jewish Law
Ministry of Ju5ticc

The Jewish Legal Heritage Society
Foundation for the Advancement
of Jewish Law

'No part of this boo k may be n:produced. or utilized in any form or by
any means , electronic or mechanical, or by any information storage o r

rclTicval sys1em, wi1hout permission in writing from the publisher.

CONTENTS

Preface

9
PART ONE

THE FUNDAMENTALS OF COPYRIGHT
Chapter l
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Chapter 6

Introduction
Plagiarism and the Obligation to Disclose
Origin
Plagiarism of Torah Study
The Author's Rights in the Publication of
his Work
The Author's Right to 'Destroy' His Work
Conclusion

13
17
66
75
107
113

PART TWO

APPROBATIONS AS THE BASIS
FOR COPYRIGHT
Chapter I
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Chapter 6

Introduction
Early Approbations
The Legal Basis of Approbations
Protecting the Public Interest
Analogy Between Approbations and Vows
The Issue of 'Fair Use': Use of Portions of
Protected Works, and Printing with Changes
Chapter 7 Transferability of Approbations
Chapter 8 Competition for the Right to Print
Chapter 9 The Right of the Author as Distinct From
That of the Printer

123
125
163
199
203
215
223
237
249

Contents
Chapter JO The Limits of Protection Provided by
Approbations
l. Limits in Time
2. Exploitation of Approbations
3. Approbations for Basic Works
4. Setting the Price of the Publication
5. Conditions on the Quality of Printing
6. Approbation as an Infringement of the
Rights of the Public
7. Invalidity of Blanket Approbations of
All Works of One Printer
8. Approbations that Cause Damage
9. Expiration of Approbations Upon the
Sale of Protected Works
JO. Denying Remedies to One Who Has
Infringed the Rights of Others
11. Territorial Limits
12. The Authority for Granting
Approbations
Chapter 11 Sanctions
Chapter 12 Approbations and the Protection of
Publishers in the Law of the State of Israel

287
287
292
305
322
326
329
331
342
346
384
393
417
423
441

INDICES
Subject Index
Source Index
Name Index
Books with Approbations
Bibliography

447
487
495
506
510

The New Encyclopaedia Britannica, Macropaedia, vol. 5, p. 152-157:
Copyright Law.
Nimmer on Copyright, rev. ed., N.Y. 1978.
Perles, A.: Das Plagium, MGWJ 58 (1914), p. 305-322.
Perles, J.: Beitrage zur Geschichte der hebraischen und aramaischen Studien,
Miinchen 1884.
Sonne, I.; Zafran, H.C.: Notes of Signatures Found in Hebrew Books,
Studies in Bibliography and Booklore I (1953-54), p. 14-20.
Steinschneider, M.: Catalogus Librorum Hebrareorum in Bibliotheca
Bodleiana, Berolini, 1852-1860.
Twersky, I.: Rabad of Posquieres, A Twelfth-century Talmudist, Cambridge,
Mass. 1962; rev. ed. 1980.
Wachstein, B.: Bemerkungen zu Lowenstein's Index Approbationum,
MGWJ 71 (1927), p. 123-133.
Weil, G.E.: Elie Levita, Leiden 1963.
Weinberg, M.: Die Hebraischen Druckereien in Sulzbach, JJLG I (1903),
p. 19-202.

514

,i,:,-p '7.lll ,(N":lVJl"I)

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.1!ll1l-nl1l1l ,TllnY1
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,,:i

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.17rl68 '7.lll ,(;'1"7.lWn) ll 1!)0 '?ll ,u,,:i. 'T :,11;,• ,, ?IV ln"l'll' ?ll 1:,1117.l :121"' ,?l'!)V}
. 7"1Vn o•';,w1,, , ;,,';,i,•N:i, '"N:J c,,,:,,:, mi';,,n:i o•ipn1J : ,, ,,7.ln
:,:, ;455-441 '7.lll ,(l"llWn) 1:l f':1111 .'0'7.l' 1"117.ll"I' 1!l0 '71V n111plJ:, ipn', :'' ,':JV}J"I
.14rl08 'IJll ,1964 p-nlJ, ,n1l'7.l1 :'Tl17.lN ':l'nl :11!)0 7,n::i ;92-66 '7.lll ,(T"lllVl"I)
Blau, L.: The Pope, The Father of Jewish Approbations, JQR JO (1897-8),
p. 175-176.
Copinger and Skone James on Copyright, 13th ed., London 1990.
Finkelstein, L.: Jewish Self Government in the Middle Ages, N.Y. 1924.
rep. N.Y. 1975.
Funk, S.: Der Schutz der geistigen Arbeit in der Halacha, JJLG 18 (1927),
p. 289-304.
Ginsburg, C.D.: Introduction to the Massoretico-Critical Edition of the
Hebrew Bible, London 1897. rep. 1966.
Herzog, I.: The Main Institutions of Jewish Law, vol. I, London 1935. rep.
1965.
Jewish Encyclopedia, vol. 2, p. 27-29: Approbation or Recommendation.
Kaufmann, D.: The First Approbation of Hebrew Books, JQR 10 (1897-98)
p. 383-384.
Krauss, S.: Griechische und Lateinische Lehnworter im Talmud, Midrasch
und Targum, vol. 2, Berlin 1899.
Lowenstein, L.: Index approbationum m~::io:,;i nl"l!l~ , Berlin 1923.

513

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