PLD PLOKD G[H]D RL[HTLC ON OI HSL]HD[ H[QC GQ LN RN PE [QCS GYLOQG M[F OUH
RL[HTLC ON HOYC RLOKD [DN GSZIG LQL PG PLS PLO PFCG ULELN IQ[ CHG
H]HQ PHL OU ECFL LN FHU PGO GHC]L CO LN G[H]D
I Z[W PLDHK PLLJ O[GQ LJCO PLLJG [WT
GU VF
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PLQDH
PLOND PE ]N[YS PL[ZG ][]G UQQ RHOG ]HKWQ HGO L[ L[KLZ HGD ]LC LCH
PL[ZG ][]G UQQ L[Q POHCH PL[Z ][]G PLNL[Y POHN FDC[GQ CLDGH R[ RHLL PLSHUKG
KJOZ FHL MH[U RJOD ZTW RNH RDQ[G ]UF CLG RNH DHELS ML[Y PHZQD Z[ ]N[YS
RHLLD VC UQQ PDQ[G RHO ]HKWQ RDQ[G OYH CLG THWFG ]HUK GC[SH PDQ[G FNH C]LC P C[EGDD
L[DF ZL]UGFQ HSLLGH RHLLD G[]G ML[Y C[G ]UF GOZ LTHT [HKG D]N PNH ENG CLW U G[]G ML[Y
PDQ[D UQQ RN HQN GL[FDH LDD UH R][HYN C[QEG
PTHDLN LSWO PLCOKD HC ]HHYZD ]H[LW]G [L]GO ML[Y JTWD JQZ LZD HQL ]HFHC IKZ RFG ]QH[]D UUH
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[DG PLJLSQ HLOUH CG LDE OU H]HC PLJLSQ >DHLNH ][ GUQ@ ]N]QQ LON CHG CONTCGH
PLJTWF IW[ GSQD U GLOYO
[DT PHNUQ LON RGQ RLHUH RLD[HUQ [ZD LWLUYH GQFC L[ CF[QF CSQ RDI VTHL [D ZJYL D[
DGIG ]C MC DL]NF PHNU LOND GOLDK RLSUO G[WD RL[HQC ]HN]Q LON GLO [QC GOLDKGO
RGO L H[D]S LNH OLCHG ]LNHNI LON LSG LC D[ [QC ][WUGH OLFDGH OI[DG ]JSG VTNG
CO L[GH G[WD DL]N ]HN]Q LON C[QEG G[QC GQ RLLUO L GSG HQF ]HN]Q LONN GSZ]
GIQ ODC ]HN]Q PG HNH VTN DGI G[H] G[LNIG PLONG ] ON ]QC RG ]N]Q LON [NIHG
G[H] G[LNIG CO ]HN]Q VC OOND ]HN]Q LON ON G[HCNO GC[S ]N]Q LON GKZS C[QEG
]LNHNI LON C[QED H[QC GQ OU PLQNJH GF DKL GSG C[D D]N RN GC[S RLC L[ RHOQ RNC
RSD[F ]LNHNI LON PHQ COC C]L[HCF ]HN]Q LON ]CQHKQ PL[GKQ PLQNJ [DC PGD OLKGH HDZS
OLFDG OI[DG ]HJSG VTNG DGIG G[WD RLLHSQG COC C]LL[HCFQ RLCQK ]HN]Q LON RLC
RN L[ [W GC[SH RLLHSQG HOC COC PLCQKQ ]HN]Q LON ON RLC HSLSWO L[G ONU ][WHUGH
L[ D]N HQNH PHJD TQSH M]SG [DF CHG ]N]Q H[LW ]N]Q HSLLG ]LNHNI PE [DHT LSWQ
]LNHNI PE RN PC L[O GZH CD TQS HSLLGH ]N]Q RHO GNTQ FDO ]HQ QHJG H[LWD
HW
GU VF G[I GFHDU
RLLHSQG HOC COC CQK ]N]Q ON CO L[ D]N RNO "C]L[HCFQ PLCQKQ PSLC UHFQH CD GTQS
H[LWD
[QHO ML[YH RLCQKQ HOC Z[ LCFH COC HNH VTNH DGI G[H] GK[W GQO RLCQK ]HN]Q ON PC UF]
G[WD ]K[HWQG ]N]Q COC GCQK ]N]Q ON [QHO HSHHN]S CO C[QED ]HN]Q LON H[QC GI
PG ]HN]Q LSLQ HOC ON ]N]Q G[YZD H[LNIGH
VCH PHLSLQHOC LON RHEN G[WD PLLHSQG HOCQ HSLC ]N]Q LOND ZJFG ]UD OZGO PHZQ GI LWOH
QQ ]N]Q LONO PLQHF PG L[G GSZ] PGO L H[DS RHLN PUKGH CQK ]LNHNI PE COG RSD[FQ
E[DFOHE SI[EGQ ]LNHNI LON OU GCQHK H[IE H[LNIG COC ]N]Q LON ON PLQNJ ]SZ]D H[LNIG CO
CKLO
PL[HKW DHLNH PHLSQHOC LON G[H] RLF [ZLUQ DN EJ FHL GQ ]H[EC ]HD WQ[EG D]N GOCG PL[DFG [ZLUN
GN]GD GSZ] PGO L H[D]S LNH OLCHG ]LNHNID H[IE PUK H]HCQ PLDLLJ PHLSQHOC LON RSD[FQ OI H]UF COC
]HN]Q LSLQ [CD []HL FHU PLLZ GI PUK
RLC ]HN]Q LSLQ [CD MLL PUKG PEG ]LNHNI LON COC H[LNIG CO P]SZ]D OIJH ]HLG [QHO C[DTD PHZQ L PSQC
PL[HD PLON ]N]GD ]HOLE[ RLC G]U OL PE GQ@ H]UD G[IED OONS GLG CO [DF G[IED OLONGOH FJO HSO
DHLN ONO ]HCQEHF GC[H >[HTLC FJO RLC H[LWD H[IE CO GQ OU RNOH C[ZLUQ [HIEO PHZQ RLC FJQ P][LYLDH
[C RLC [QC] FU ]LNHNI LON OU GFJ G[IE H[IE CO GSH RCN [QHOH ZOJO L PEG GN GQO ]JSQ [WTD
HSLLG PGLSLD GQ ON CHG C[DT RN RHLNH G[H]D ]H[HQCG ]HN]QG PU ]LNHNIG RLF ]C HOLONG COC OOND PL[QHJ
RLF H]HCD OONS RN PE ]HN]QG [C ON
CS] CJ ]HEGSGH ]HDH] [WTD UUH RCNOH RCNO PLZTHW [C GID HFFY RNH
LON OLDKL HC GN[D COO OLDKQ TH]G HD]NH KWS CO GI ZWT LCQ C]SNQ HGO CLUDLC
>KS OL[GQ ]HD NNH ZWTG LSWQ GOLDK ML[YGO FDC[G ]UF CLG RNH@ HLOU M[DLH HQU [JC
CLG PL[WHT L[DFQ PLON ]OLDK D]N H]KLO CHG MOHGH COHZO ZTW HIL CNCQ PDQ[G HOLCH
DZ QU GSHL GOU UUH CHG CQOUD C]NQTC H[F [FGH R[ COHZOF RSD[F ZWT GI L[G MNOH
CHG P]KL GC[SNH G[HQE G[F CLG HKZS [CHDQ P] HSD[Q IQ ]HQDLD RNH JU CQHL TH]D PSQCH
GIL QTND CDHQ PDQ[G ]UFD GDH]D CD[G D]N RNH HS ZJYL [NI UH G[H] RLF
RLFG FYQ UQQH HQU [JC LON OU GN[DD OLDKL HC GN[D COO OLDKGO D H K D]NH ]HUFG L] ]C CLDG NZ [HKD
CLZT IKD GNH DLLJ HSLC
HUZO H]UF L[NSG PC UFHL HSLCN CZHF GI [W KLZT MGH GN[D COO OLDKQ D]N KNZ FHL MH[U RJODH
PL[LQ DDHF DZUL ]HUHL U [DFG PUKD H[WH GOLDK ML[Y RLC KHW HSJZL LCFH UFHL PC ODC HCO PC HLFLD
ILWOH JZQN CHG L[G RHNQ CQ HSUZL CO PC PEH HFLD HSUZL CQ [LQJGO CZWT ZWT RCN L LWO GT CJ
C]L[HCF CHG GI DHLJ KZS PC LN RSD[FQ CLG HI GKL V[YO L WNU HC RSD[FQ PLON ]OLDK RN PE UHGQ JNHQ
P PL[LQ DDHF JZQN RHNQ CQ GOLDK DLLJO C]L[HCF CZLWT GI L[G HFLD HSUZL CO UHFL PC PE COG LCFH
PLSH[JC [CH J[WD U JJW] HQYU UHG D]N RN COH GHYQG DLLJO CZWT ZWTD VC M[DO RLC GI H[LWQ JNHQ PE
PC HFLD HSUZL PC ZWTG QQ TT GI RLC OLH M[DO PLSH[JCG ]U[NGN KZS EO JL DJD CWHE PL[LQ DDHFDH
UYH FL]UG ]ULFL LC COC HSLC HCO
[QCF RCQN []HQ MFLC CLS]H RDOL COH OLUEL COH OLDKL CO FU RGD Q]S ROHNH
GNOG RNH []HQ PEWO PUK R]HS
IW
]UF VTHL
CD[G L[DFD [CHDQ FLIQD OLDH [DUH [HTC UFL PCH
LHDO HKZS RNH HOLDD OD]S LQOH HO [HTC ONCQG GOLJ]NO [HTLC OKDQ RLFN FDULFD [HTC
P]UF UQQ RCN C[GH RCN R[D CDHG FDC[GH H RLOHJD R[G L[DFQ POHCH OCLSF LFHQJH F[
DIL CNCQ PDQ[G L[DF ]HKW G[HQ RNH DDNZ GQLN[FGQ JLNHGO L RNH []HQ FLIQD VC
[]HQ OLD]G FLIQD OLD HOLWC HDNZ GEZ UHGH
GOLJ]NO [DFG [HTC HUFL PEG OC[L [HDU OLD L[NS PC GC[S CD[G ]UFO VC PSQCH
GDJ[GD U CQ DJ FHL GQ ]H[EC ]H LWU ONCQG [TCS CO
LDD CDHQH F VHT FD MH[CG ]LDG ][H]
PLSH[JC PLZTHWQ PLKHZLO
PLSH[JC PLZTHWQ PLON ]OLDK ]HNOGD PLSLF LZTW KZO GSG
OLDKGO ML[Y LCFH GC[S GQ[ HJH DY FJ LHOG KD CKLO [SICHH G[EG D]N [LLE]S [E C
GN[DDH L[NS HFHUD HO HLG HLON ON ]C
HLON OLDKGO ML[Y RLC [LLE]S [E L]ND GDH]Q GLFDHU RHIJ [HFLTD CDHQ CKLO VTHL U[EG ]UFH
]HDH] DH HLON OU PE GOJ HLOU GOJ GHFZG ]HOJH [ZWGG RQ GNHIN CHG L[G PFHZQ
GN[D COO OLDKGO D]N KQ] CJ ]HEGSGH
>[HTLCO PGD HQ]S PLONG ][NG RLSUO CO GODKG RLSUO COC HSLC RHFLSG RDHQN@
GOLDK PLNL[Y PSLC CLTG[WD ]D OOJQG [QHQ LFHGLQ PLJZLSG PLON D
LCFN D]N GQ[ HJ LHOG KD ]HDH F EJ JHC GQ ]H[ECD QNH MH[C OHWOW U GT CJ PL[LQ DDHF
]LNHNI LOND VLTHGH K FHL DJ [QHC ULDL ]HD D]N GID CYHLNH GN[D COO MC OHDKOH [LQJGO
DJ ]HEGSGH ]HDH]D NNH OON POLDKGO ML[Y RLC ]HFLTJ ]FQQ HOLWC ]D LOOJQQ PLSZSG
[LQJQGH CLTG[WD ]D OOJQ HLOUD [JLDQ HSZS PLON OLDKGO [LQJGO RLC RLFG RQ E] FHL
]HN]Q LOND [LQJL HQYUO
KZ CJ FHL [IS LSDC ]H
LU H[YHL HOC PE ]D OOJQ GLGN H]H[D HLG HLON ON ]C OLDKL LCFN GDH] OUDD RLFG RN D]N OGDDH@
>HODKHG COH L[NSQ PCSZ PLOND COC M[DL CO MC OC[L
PC ZWT ZLTGH CN EJ FHL GQ ]H[EC ]HD GID ML[CG L[NSO R[NQH OC[L PCU PLON E
GN[D COO POLDKLH GOLDK PLSHUK PG
PSLC GWHYQ HSLC T[J HC XU LON GOLDK PLNL[Y OHJQ PLCDG TZO[HF H TZ[LLW LON F
NNH CLW PLON ]OLDK [WTD U GN[D COO PODHK GSLT[J LON PLZTHWH H C NZ FHL LWU GOLDK PLNL[Y
L]UQ RNH GOLDKG RQ PL[HKW RLLOY[HW LON ZTW CKLO VTHL U[EG POHCH CKLO HGLOC Q[EG
OYI OHC CDC YD[EG PD PL[QHC
OHJQ CDG LON OND RLHJ L RNH OHJD PL[YHLQG ]LNHNI LON ]OLDKD M[DO PLEGHS PSLC L
CQ]TD COC CQOUF RLLEHT RN RLCH M[DO PLUSQS MN PHQH PLFHGL GQG ]H[JG ]LD LOUD CQ
]HEGSGH ]HDH] Q LTHT DJ FHLDH F EJ JHC GQ ]H[ECD GID U PL[NS PG PLS[YLG DH[ MN OU MHQTO L
K]J] FHL DJ
JW
GU VF G[I GFHDU
GOLDK PLNL[Y PSLC [WC PLQUW GQN PGD PLQ]Q PLSC L PEG PLLQUW FJ PLON G
EN EJ FHL GQ ]H[ECD FFLY RN
LHU CHG HSQQ [QHJG PYU OU P RF HSLC MC ]JC PUW COC QQ HSLC LONN GCQHK ]ODZ RLSUO P HSHLF [ZLU@
L]UQH GN[D COO PLOLDKQ PLOLDKQGH RLFG [ZLUQ GOLDK PLSHUK PSLC ZLKTOW LON CLG PLZTHWD ]JHH[G GUFGH
LHU PHQLJG VHE PEG GOLDK RHUK HSLC JLZ ZLKTOWQ LHUG LOQJ PHZQHZD PE MN OU MHQTO L FJC OHFE PD
>PLQG PU [LL UEQD CD CHGH ]N]QQ
[D]TQ IOZ Q DJ FHL GQ ]H[EC ]HD D]N PL[NSO PLNLL HLG PLZHDZDH ]HSYSY ]HCTWHZ H
P]OHN]Q HSZH[]S [JCO PLWTHS PLONCQ M[HYO PGD Q]GO CD PC HOLWC PODKO ML[Y RLC
PFLD ]HJQO RLC ]HN]Q LOND PLOZQG VCH MN OU MHQTO L LCFH RSD[FQ P]OLDK ]LNHNI LONDH
HQUK U
RZH[O HNL[YG L GWZ O ]HSYSYD RHEN PQU HSZ ONCQ H]HCD HQLO VCH GID PL[LQJQ LH
RN EGS CHIJG PD ]HEGSGH ]HDH] D CLDG RN OHDK CHG [JC LONO RGQ GWZG ]C
PLOHDK PSLC P PLONGH FNH RHOQD HC GFUTQD ONHCG DN EJ FHL GQ ]H[EC WQ[EG ZTW FHU I
PLFLD HOKLO ZJFG ]UD OZGO L HLOU JSHQ Z[ COC LONO ZHZI HSLC PYUD DL ONCQ ONHC PC
[HTC LONO PLZHZI PLLOIHS PLONCQ POHCH HONCOH GOLDK ML[Y RLC LOND HOKLO HC LONG RQ
PLON P]HC MH]Q PONCO
HSLC LONG COG PL[NS OD ODC GOLDKD HDLLJ]S PLONG OC[L O RHOQD HC GFUTQD PL[HQC HL[DF KHW GC[S
GOLDKQ [HKWH OC[LO OHC COC
LSWQ@ GOLDKQ PL[HKW GJ[CG L]DDH ]HFUTQD PLON RLFG [ZLUQ D]N FQ FJ ]UF GHJL ]HDH
PC PE PLON P]HCQ P OHNCO CDGH >PGLOUDO COH GOCG M[FD COC HQLO PLFUHLQ PSLC
COO POLDKL HL]HJHZO [HDU POLDKGOH [LQJGO CDGH OHNCO LC[ HODKHG CO [H[LDD UFHL
GN[D
GQ ]H[EC ]HD D]N PLQD P]OLDKD HOZOZ]L J L PLLOQJ PLON J
LOQJG ZOJG ]C COH ONCQG JSHQ HD ZOJG ]C LONG RQ ]YZQ OLDKGO R]LS
[HIJOH L[NSO P[NQO OHNL POLDKGO HJ PLOHFE PLLOQJ PLON D]N CKLO VTHL U[EGH
UH@ JT] GDH]D D[ ]UF POHCH IKNZ FHLD PE U GOLDK RHUK HSLC OHC LON L[GH HSQQ OHCOH
JSIS CJ FHL
HI RLCH CLG GQ[UG [DFG [NLS R]HSO POLCL QU GS]QD L[NSO PLON R]LO RLC HKZT P ]WD GCDHG >HOZ
GS]Q
LWO@ GOLDK RHUK HSLC PLQLSY ]LLUO FUHLQG [KTCK [D]TQ FN EJ FHL WQ[EG FLJ FHU
ZJFG ]UD GI OU MHQTO L LCFHH >PFC LSD P]TO ONCQO M[YS HSLC PJOG HDLD HHQL
FJQ HDLN[GOH L[QEO LON ][H]Q HOKDOH HZ[WO GYU R]SH DLLJ D]N S] CJ ]HEGSGH ]HDH]DH
FHU UH OC[L RQHC LU
GLOU M[DL CO WNUH GOLDKQ [HKW [D]TQ GQ[ HJ LHOG KD ]HD D]N PLIHEC JYWQ K
KW
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HSLD XYHJG HD GYH[ HSLC LONO ZHDFG [DF ON [LTGO ML[Y RNH ]HQHZQG ONO PLQG HULEL LFN
D[ LTH EL VLUT P FHL U PLQG RLDO
JHC
PNJO OCL PLONO ML[YH RNO PFHZ OLDKG CO PCH DHK PHLDH ]DD PLON RLOLDKQ RLC CL
IKNZ FHL IEN
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L HL[HJCQ LONG OU GZHDF ]LH]G PC PE POLDKGO PHZQ LH OZGO L RLFG RQ H] FHL DJ
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GQHFNH LHSO LHUG VTN LOND RHEN HD Q]L CO CQ ZWT VH[LYD COC
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[IJ GDS ZHSL] D [QHO L H OLUO UH GI [HTLC RLC FLIQD RLL[DUD QEFGH MG ]UF OU MHQTO L G[LDUO
HC OHLD LON R]HSNH [HTLC RLC G]U OON RQHIQ [HTLCG RLC LWO [QHO L CQ MC HOLNGO [HTCH GUKHQH EEHN HSLF
HK H OLUO CDHQD UH ]DD UTHSH ODQ HD UFHL LQO DN[
U KOJGD UL[NG CO MC [L]GO FFLYH DGO GQO ]JSQD OYI CI[EG GID RF L]LC[ DH
ONH RSHYD H][GK RHFID COH GEED CKJ U[G [YLG PQJ]S CO RSHYD HLQ] ON
COC GSZ] HO RLC [JC LH ]HQQJ]GH ]HYQC]GD COC G[GK HO RLC RLQJD HLQ]
F]LH WGU CY] VTHL DZUL ]HFOH] UUH KS LSLQ ZJYL ]FZU LWU G[LDD
HU VF
ONCQG LN H[IE CO GD OD]S ONCQG OU ODC CQHL ]D G[LFZ PHQ CQHL ]D GSLC G[LIE
TH] GOLJ]Q [HQE [HTLC GD GLG G[FZG RN CO PHEW [HTLC HNH]O KOWS L[G POHUQ [HTLC UOD CO
C[H
ODQNH GQYU G[FZG ]C ONHC HSLC L[GH ONCQO G[FZG RLD L ZHOLJ GQ [HCD GSHUK HI C[DT@
PHEW PUK GOLJ]Q HLOC TSNS GD OD]S ONCQG COG G[LFZD
ODO [L]GO HCHDL PHEW PUKGN GD ODO [L]S PC G[LIE L G[FZD CHG ZHOLJG [QHO LH
GOLJ]Q TSNS RLDO JD GOLJ]Q TSNS RLD OFDGG HSLDL LN [HIEO RLC ONCQD NCQ CQHL ]DD PE
CKLO E[DFOHE SI[EGQ G[IE ]NLL RNOH JDHQ PUK TSNS G[FZD TH]G ]SHHN HI GC[SH PHEW
> G[UG KN LT PLJTW RHTWOHH F[EO ]H[HGK ]H[QC [WTD UU
LN HQHL RD LOND OD]S OLD] PHQ HQHL RD HSLC LOND OHD OLD] OU [HIEO RLC VTHS PUK
G[LFZG RLSUO RN CO ODO [HTC CQHL ]D GSLCD HOLWC COGH CQHL ]D G[LFZD ODO JLN GI RLC
C[ CQHL ]D CLGN GD ODO HCHDL CQHL ]D GSLCN GD ODO [L]] PC
Y