HSQYUQ HOH PLLJ LN[FH FTJ USQS OHNQ GUS LQS ]HZLWTD [LQJGO HSCD PCF PHQ ]HZLWTD
]H[J]H GCS ]HD[GO CO RN ONH PQU DLKLGOH P]HLJGO HSJSC RLDLLJH X[CG LQU Z[ RGH PGQH
OLYGO RLCD HSC GI [HTLCQ OZ R[HTLC RLC RLHCO GQN FHUH CS] CO OU RL[DHUH PGLSLDH HSLSLD
GNQD C IL ZQ H[QC RNH >OC[L PU HOG OU RL[GIHQ RG PE RN PHNUO [HNQO VCH@ HSQQ P]HC
PH[ES COH PGQ HSLFL MHQOH PTSHZO EGS]GO L GQN FU TOWD OIJ HOZ MNOGH OHFE HSD
HIH ZWTD [L]GOH G[LDUO LCFH CHG RQID P[NQO [HTCO HUL[NGH HSOH PGO PLOHFE []HL PLOHNQ
[HNQO []HQ HQN RNHQ RLLFU [HTLCG RLC GUD RSL[F CQUK LQS HSLLGH@ G[LGH ]UYHQQG M[F
]LULDG OU FHJD RNH ]H[UQG ]SHUO ULEG [JCO COC [TCS COH [UQG OU FHJO GF
ONF EUC ]LULD PFHZ []HQ RN ONH []HQ PFHZ ODC UQGHUO ULEGQ [HNQL CO P]G RS]
KDL ]LULD LC RHIJ MH]Q PLQNJO [HTQ [DFG COC FHJGO OHNQ LU CHDO HWHT LSG
IK VF
CQO FJHLQG THTD C[L]D RDH PLQNJ O P]ZHOJQ H[W FY ]D ]NTQD C[L]D RDN GNOG
[CN GNCOQ ]DJS ]H[O ]H[Q HI RHEN PLLJ LOUD ]CLS PCG HZOJSH HFNH RLFLLYG ][IUO VHU
[]HQ PLFHQ ONG FDOD PFC ]DLN[O FUHLQG THT ODC HQYU ]C CHS PLLJ OUD CQ HC ]HCQ
GSQG H[WD PDQ[G [W RNH HQYU ]C CHS LJG PFCG H[NQO
LOUD CLYHQG ZTW PEH [HNQO []HQ FDOD PFC ]DLN[O FUHLQG THT FN ]D PDQ[G ZTWH
UQQ GI LWOH HQYU ]C CHS LJ PGD PL[QHC RLC IKJL ]D DLLJ ]DD ]H[O ]H[Q PLLJ
RDN GNOG R L C RCN T[E PDQ[G EF PLJTW KLH]G D]N RNCH C[L]D RDN COH PLQNJN ZTW
[QC GI H[WH PLSHC[G [C ON FESN CT[E FJO RN [QHO OHFE ZJHF HD]N L MC C[L]D
THTD HOLWC [HTC LD[ ]UFO C]LL[DD ]CDHQG ]ZHOJQO TJL]Q C[L]D RDN GNOG RCN RSJHL [
GFD TH]G HD]N HQNH RLLI LON ][H] PHQ [THC MNQ LD[ [DFQ GID L[G@ FDOD PFCO FUHLQG
THTD PL[W]QG GSQD C[L]D RD L[DF ODC GI THTD [L]QG C[L]D RDN ZTW GI LWON >COC
EGQ JHC LC RHIJ KCN ]D MOQG [U PLQNJN COC C[L]D RDN GNOG RLC GID VHUO FJHLQG
HLG LD[ ]LD O OCHQ [QC GFHGL D[ [QCF UQ C] HGQ PKW O [H HGO CLUDLC
L]CH [ZUL [DTH LUD C]OLQ [ZULQ LD[ COC MLQUKLOH PFLC PHLD PKW O [H RLDL[ZQ
]SL]S LU LD[ GU G[IE VHOLJ OND HS]LUD KHWO GI [QCQ CLDQG O H]UF C][HW C][HW
PKW O CHG PEG GTE GQGD ][LNQ O [HTLC LJD L JNHQH [HTLCG ]OZGD [N]S RHQQ
RLWHOLJD JLH[G CO MJ[N OUH [JQO PHLGQ JLH[G GQ LN RN [QHO [WC LC HJLNHGH HJFH
G[IEG ]C L[QEO [HZUO HO HD[Z COC PLSHC[G
PFLC PHLD G[HTC ]HSH[HF ]SL]S L[G PHLG COH [JQ PLJZHO GQD JLH[Q LCFH COG RLLUO L MC
GCFHG MLL RLC MOQD GC[SH ">HL[JCO [THCG I OLUO OCUQL [N RO CQLLZ COF@ []HQ ][JQOH
COC [HTLC PHQ HSLC [DFG OKDO LD[ FZ GIH DHJ HO PLU[HWN COH HO PLCLDQ RH[HF OLDD
[TJO M[YHG GID L [HTLC GQH FLCG [JCO KHJ Z[ PLDL[ZQ HLG CO VHTD UF] [DFG [UHNQ
LFN OLON HOKDO GY[ HC OKDO GY[ [HULN PHQ JNHQ COC L[QEO OKDO LFN ]HCHDL[ UD[C
INDT FHL LC RHIJ LWU HOHZOZO [DFG [HIJL CO
KS
]UF VTHL
HJO RLC PGLOU OKHQ TQ RHLN RDQ[G D]NH GFHQH OLIC COF [JQO PHLG RLD OHFE [WG COG PLSHC[G HFQU [DNH
LSD HCO RSD[F PHQ [DFD ]UFG ]HLOJ PGO GLG FHUH PGLOU GLHID HI GFHDU G]LG LWO GOKDO J[K GQH MNO
[LCQ ]LD LHFJH RLODHO P[GQ UUH HGSLS CE[N R]Q
[HTC PLDNHN ]FHDU GD RLFLQUQ GWLNO ULEG ]HCYJ[Q ]LDH ]HCLTHQLD PGQU RLSHD ODC
][]HQ R]LLSDH PHNUO ]HSD[Z RGLOU PLDL[ZQ ]HQLD RG ]HCTHQLD G L[ H[WO ]HSDO
LQ]F LQ] DJS GI RLC MN OU HGQ] DUD TH]GH PHNUF LQ]F LQ] RG LSWQ
[L]GO C[DT RLC LQ]F LQ] PE HD]N FHUH QQ LQ] COC
]KL CLG RN P VTHL]LDG [DHT RNH L[N ]HSDO []HQ D]N EQZ FHL [HKG GNOGO
GWLNG Z[H IUO PLJDI PGLOU PLDL[ZQ THQLDG ]C ]HSDO []HQ R[G ZTW RNH PDQ[G
UQQH MN OU HELG CO MGH CQ[GH P MH[U RJOD ZTW RNH [HTC HQYU OLOCG GLOU PLFLQUQ
]UFO HJO [LQJGO L COGH COHZO HZTW OU GZG FZT IKG ODC [DJQG R[QN PLZTHW PG PE
H]KL PDQ[G L[DFQ OON GJNHG RLC [CHDQ P C[EG L[DFQ PE OLOC [HTLCD K[WD TH]G
PDQ[G ]UF ]C LDGH [HKG H[LWN COFH L[N
]HSDO [HTCO L GI LWOH IKG ]KLN [HTCO [LQJGO L JT CJ FHL GQ ]H[EC ]HD D]NH
COGH P]OW]O COC QQ HSLC GOWL] ]LD GSH ZOJO PHZQ L VCH@ PHNUO GOWL] ]LD
[KQQH P[IQ GTJQ PGO ]HLGO P]CSGO COC HSLC RLSDG CYQS RLSDG COD PE OOW]GO [WC
>GOWL] ]LDD CZHF OOW]GO PGO IU ZHJQ LOHC [HTCO [D]TQ []HL MC D[HJQ OYOH
RLC GI RLSD KK[O HO []HQ RLFG RQ RLSDG ]LSN] ]C KK[QG ONL[FC RLSUO P G[HG POHC
RLC ULLTQ COC GI RLC FHUH ]HSDO FYLN PGO IU LZHJO MLL HSLC PEH GLSDG ]NCOQO MLL GI
ULLTQ KHK[G WUCH PHON HSLC HFDO KHK[GH KHK[G LFUOD PE ]HSDO [WC L[G QQ HD
TH]G ]KLO VC [HTCO RLC LHS ]WTHG PHQ [D]TQ RLSDG LHSO
LSU CHG HC GDLC PHQ [DFD RLC ON [HULNGQ ZJ[]GO LHC[GQ [L]GO L RLFG RQ LN VC PSQCH
FU RHQQ FTWG HO P[ELL [DFG RQ USQLL PC PL[JC OYC ]H[LND FDHU CHG HC GTS[WO M[YSG
HL[DF RCN
TNQ LQHO] RLSUO EL OLUOFN IUO GSGQ [HTLC PHQ ]HCLTHQLD ]LLSD [HTCO RLC UHFQ FO EJ FHLD [CD FHU C
GJ[K MTHJ WUCH GSHD CHG GQD IUO GSGQ DJS HSLC MNO RN HUL PEH HLFUOD ]HSDO PLOHNL PG RHLN IUO
IUO COH PLSCO GCSG ]SL]S COC GI RLC PLSHD L[JC [IJO HN[KYL CO PLZTU]QG [COH PL[QHNO
PLCH[ MNQ CLG P][DT COC GSGQ [HTLC PHQ GI RLC LQ]F LQ] [HTCO [D]TQ HD]N TH]G VC VLTHGH
GL[JC VHF[O PE ML[Y OC[L X[CDH GL[JC [OH IU [HZUO GHYQ GSL X[CO GYHJD HOLWC OC[L HDN PHZQD
VC ]HSDO []HQ CGL [WC LC FLHQZ FHL UHDH IW[ IU PDQ[G ZTW HQN X[CGQ OLON G]HC FDCS FU
[HTCO RLC FHDLC DHLJ P RLC PGLFL ]J] PHZQD COC RN PL[DHT PSLC H]ULTH L[H PHNUG FL ]J] CHG PHZQD
LHSD CGL HLFUOD PE ON ]HSDO HOLWC
GO FHL T]J U IU O LQ]F LQ] [HTCO PLZTHW FHU HD]N RN IKGH TH]G ]KLN [HTCO ZTW GQD D
IO CJ PL[LQ DDHF ]H EL [H ]HCHD]
GOZTD ZW]TS FHU KOJGD RN UL[NG CO MC GLFLFO GLO ]LCFD PE GSGQ [HTLC L FFLY FO EOET LC RHIJD E
GDLC PHZQD GWLN ]LSD G[]HG PC
X[CO H]HOUD C[LI [ GSU]G ]HLSU] PH OU RN GSN]S PL[WQ L CQNHC CL]W DU
T
IL VF G[I GFHDU
KKHY DSZ [LCL ]HJ ]H UH JN ]HN[D PLFJ PLFEQ XDUL[ ]HGEGD U
HLSW H[JHG RGQ GW QDN OC[L
C [ L I [H HGDC D[ ]HFHC HK RL[FGSTD HZOJD
ZHTUL M]HQN RZI RHQEG H]HC HO [QC RHFLO PHF[EO HGHOUG ]HSLQO [IULOC [ TW]SN
HLG GWHZ] G]HCDH PLSLQG RQ CHG HGHFJ GC[S OCSSJ HSD[ H[LWQ HOOG PLOKD PL[DFD
[ [UKYS RN OUH PLOKD PL[DFD ZHTUL M]HQN RZI [QC HGIH UHFLN P]HC PLWFH[ PLLQH[G
H[QC M[FN HGSQ XQ HD L CQ MND FJS RHLN J PLQHJS] ZLDH [DFG OU [IULOC
CQ CDLZU [ HDLGH JL RKZ FUHQD
L[D [WHT ]HUK LOHCH CDLZU [ HDLG GQH [UKYS GQ OU [QCQG MQG GZ L[ H[WOH
]NTQG VHTD LS WU ]HCT[E LWHOJ LWU PL[ZDQG PUKQ PLLHS L LN RJDQG OU FHQUO RLC DHLNH
DLYSG LHFJ
LSWQ GSL GC[SH PL[YHSG PLSLQO GSHHNG GC[SN R L Z H F Y G RQ CHG HGHFJ P ]HCT[E LWHOLJ D D]N GQ
IQ[ HQNH [HISYG
HOLG O PGO ODGG ]SHQC HI O OYH THWFG ]HUK CHG ]HLH[ LS J[G D]N GQ DLYSG VLTHG FHU
>FHUH IN IL ROGOFNH ]H[YSO GSHHNG TD ]HSLQ P]TH@ UHFLN
PLQD HLDC FESN COC [QC CO CHGH [QHC CHG HLOU RHQEG H]HC [HDTN RLLFG LOU RQCS
COC [QHC LSC MLOU CO [IUOC [ HDLG COH G]C [HKW THQLF MLOU L]SQCGH OLCHG HO [QC
PFCO []HQ PLJLNHQ L RCNQH HQYU ]C GUKG RHQEGG LWO L]QCG RLLFG CHG M[D]L PG OU
EJ CD[G ]HD CDHQ PSHUQ [KWLGO LFN [JC [DFO H]SHHN HD ]HUKO [WC RHO CLYHGO
FW
IL VF
[HTLC HSL RCN [HQCG G Z J [ G DHLJ FDOQ ]HQC UD[C ]HSLQ HI MN[F MLOUQ ZJ[G
]FHDU GD L [LUO MOLO [HTC CL OLUOF GSQG RLFNH F J PHQ PHNU ]LDO TSNGO VTHS
PLZTHWD [CHDQN PFLC PHLD PLDNHN
LSD ZHJ LSLQ QHN ]LDD PLC[QN RHEN GZJ[G PHQ [HTCH FJ PHQ [HTLC RLC PLSWHC PSLH
PHQ COC FJ PHQ GTLSN [HTLC RLC H]HC[O PLY[ ONG [JC U[HCQ HC P]HC[O PLHC]Q PFC
[LUO GTLSN RNH GZJ[G PHQ [HTC NWUCH FJ RLC L[G ]KLO FLC PHLD CO GTLSN RNH GZJ[G
DL OLUOFN FJ PHQ GID RLC [JC PHZQO [DUQ ]QQ CLG [CN FLC PHLD
]UFOH GNH]D [HDUO []HQ ][JC M[F RLC [CN >FJ PHQ COH@ GZJ[G ]HYQ PHQ CHG ONH
OND [HTC FJ PHQ CHG ON ODC XH[O ML[Y DHJ PFC ONG L[DFOH GYL[D CZHF PDQ[G
C[G ]H CL OLUO CDKL[ UUH [HDUL OCH E[GL C[EG ]UF PE HIH [HKGH CD[G ]UFOH RWHC
[HTLC ]HFHC DL OLUO CDHQD [H HQYU OLYGO LFN IU ]LDO JH[DO []HQ ZTW ISZ THT UHDH KQZ FHL [HK ILKL
R[G GID ZW]TS GSNT PHZQD RLUG ]LC[Q PHQ IU LSWO GLJ
GSHQ]G PCG ]HSLJD GQNQ GID RHFO LH [HTC HSLYQ CO PHNU ]HQF HD L LK[W ]LDO GTLSN
HSLC HC GFDHU PC RHFO L QHN CLG PC VCH IU LQQ RLFN COC GSLC CQ HC OLOCN ]DJS
CT