FLZ ELZ PLWF
"HGU[O LC RLD PLSLF [CN ]HOJS KWQ PCG "GOLOD ]HOJS PLOLJSQ PCG C JUZ
"HSQQ HUQ GQ LW OU HLTNS ZHOLJ OU RHFOH FLUGO PLOHNL PCG GOHJG ]C [ZDO HTSNS PLSC D
"RLLF GUS FU PCG E
]HOJS ][W ON COC RDG ]H[LD CZHF HCOH HLSD ]C HOLJSG P H L D PHLD COC ]HOJS RLF PLSF RLC C
CLIN TJSLW GQNJ MQ UU KWQ ]ZJO OC[L LSDO G]LGH RLF ]HLGO GU[HC
MNOG PLW]H ]ZHOJN GSLCH RLF LGL[G ]HOJS ]ZHOJ [QHO GSHHNG PD[ H[LWO
PLW]H ]ZHOJ [CQ CS LCQ GQ] CDKL[GH@ PLSLF [CN PHLDH GOD ]HLGO GNL[Y
C[H]H R[UH CQH ML[Y RLC PHZQD HQYUO ZOHJ V]HG COC RLF ]LD GNL[Y GSLC
>DYZ DD KS[EG LHFJD U PD[ L[DF [HCDD
[HLG RLCH PLSLLF GCHHY ]UD P PLFQHUG P]HC PLUS PL[HL O PJ[N OU [LW L[H
L[LUD DHJ FD LSWD COC PNLSWD RHFO GYH[ LSLC [QHO OHNL
RLF PLHU HY[ HLTNS ]C OLJSQ MCLG HSQQ HUQ GQ PLD]HN HY[ GOHJG ]C [ZDO HTSNS GO D
RLSZ GUH HLTNS ]YZQ D]N RHEN KOJGD OJ [DFG RWHCD CZHFH [HU[U HLOU RLC RLF ZTW
CG] CO ]HFU ]ODZD M[HY RLCH ROGO C[QEG LWU PD[ RLF PLHU RLC HD [HIJO OHNL ON ODC
GN GSG C[ LWU PQYUD PG HC[ L[GH GLC[Q GOHFE GULQ
PLS HLG GOLJ]Q RHLN PLLHC[ PSLC LLO PU V[KYGO HOLWC RLF PLHU RLCH PLD]HN PLS
GQ[ RLLF GUS FU RLCH PLFU PG L[G RLFO PLLHC[ PSLCH
OLCHG RLF PLHU RLCH PLD]HN GO HOLWC GOLOD HTSNS ODC PHLD COC HS CO CFTJ D[ [QC
RLLF GUS FU RLCH PLSLLF COH PG PLFU HTSNS GUD L[G GOLOD RHFO PLLHC[ PSLCH
[JC RLSUO H[DU RHEN@ RLSZG KOJHGN COC RLF ]HUO PLOHNL RLC FHUH PD[ H[WN CLEHTD [CHDQ
RLF PLHU RLC [HIJO OHNL ON ODC >ROGOFN PQHZQQ HQZ HC
ZLLFO L PD[D ODC [HIJO OHNL RQI ON P]HFU PLD]HN RLC PE VLTHG GQ[G C
L[LCQD [HWQ RNH PLD]HN
[HIJO OHNL RHLN HLTNS ON ZOJQG ODC HLTNS ]YZQ GSZQD [DHFQ GQ[H PD[ L[DFO D
RLF PLHU RLC HD
MNOG [IJ [IJ PCH FLQ HL[DFN HUL H]UF [HIJO OHNL LWUC PL[DHTH PLZOHJ LH
RLSZD HLTNS ]YZQ ZOJQD MFLCQH FHUH FL[H] [HIJL CQ HJO PGO RLCH PLSLLF PLUS
[DF ONO CL[D ]S]QN HI L[G PLSLLF HHG H[LWD PGO [QC CO ON PLSLLF PLUS PSLC
G[LQCD HL[HLQ FJCO HLTNS ZOJQD HC U[Q DLN ]S]QD HLTNS ON ZOJQD [DHFQ RCNH
PLC[ PLSLLF PO PSLQIG COH [ZDO COC HTSNS CO LWUCH@ CZH[D RD RSJHL LD[NH
FHUH GSHL HSD[ LWU HD ]HNOQLG COO PLSLLF PLUS GID Z[ >H]CHHY OU PLSLLF ]HLGO
KN RL[FGSTDN H[LWD PGO [QCL FU PLSLLFN PLUS PSLC [DFG OUD PYDLZ HOLWC ]HSHQQ LSLF [CDH
OUD LHYL[ COO PLSLLF PLUS RLHFLZ RHEN [HTLC LSLSU O ]HFUD POHCH CTZ CEQ RD L[ ]DH]D UYH
FHQO] ML[YH RN GC[S RLC JLITZ UGC [IS LSDCD HOLCH U JS UGC ZLDHS ]HD [CD]Q RN [DFG
KUZ
]UF VTHL
HSHHN]S CO P]LLC[ ]UD PC HOLWC RLF ]HUO PL[N PD[G L[DF ]HUQQ RNH GC[S PL[DFG ]QL]TQ
E
HSHHN PC COC P]LLC[ LW OU PLSF RLC EHY UGC [IS LSDC ]HD D]N GQD UYH PLSLLF ]HLGO
PLSLLF PHO GLLC[G ]UD
[QHO ML[Y RLC U[Q DLN ]S]QD HUQ GQ PQYUQ PLD]HN MNQ JLNHGO D]N PD[G F
COC PLFU ]SQIG ML[Y RLC CL[DD VC HL[DF OU H[LUG CD[GH RDQ[GH LFU P]C
HS]LEHTQ JLNHG RNH PLFU ]SQIG ML[Y RLC R]HSD ODC MD LSC GKQ [QCL CO LFN GFHQD
F EJH CY DJH EU C KU]] CJ HL]HDH]D CD[G
MHQTD PLWTHS PLK[W UU
PLUS PSLC U[Q DLN ]CHHY GOLOD HC[ GO RLLF GUS FU RLCH OLCHG [QC CFTJ D[ [HQCN E
PLUS PSLC DHH CLG ]HFU ]LLC[ P]LLC[ L[G GOLOD RLF PLOLJ]Q RLC [JCQ LN [DFD PLSLLF
PLSLLF
G LSWO PLSCG LS HFQUH DH]NG ][IEQ PL[WQ L RLLF GUS FU RLC [DFG PUKD C
CFL[E GFLQU RH[TJ PHQ PUKG RLC LN OHTW FLUQ HSLCH GCH[G FU PE RN]L NWUCH@
PL[G LHFJD PE UH PL[HU XDHZ RLLF ]HLGOQ OHTW FU P HO L ON DH]NG GOLE COC
HI LSWQ PL[QHC LH >DHLQ FLUQ J] L[G CZHF GFLQU DHLJ PHQ PUKG RLC D ]HC I QHJ
CDKL[H RDQ[U PL[QHC LH PQYU OU GQIG HODZL CO LN GQLIGO OHNL G]C LC ]HFU
]HOJS OLWQ HSLC DH GOLOD HC[ PC [QHO CD HOLJSG PHLD GLGHQ ]CI PLFQO
RLLF GUS FU RLC HSUQ L[GH FU GUS PHQ POHUO
HL[DFD ZLHFQ@ FLUGO LFN HTSNS PC GQ[G D]N RNH L[ ]DH]Q CLDG RNH PD[ D]N D
FU RLCH PLFU PG L[G PHLD HOLWC >DZULO ]QC FLUGOH ]HC[O ]SQ OU GOLJ]Q HCD PC CZHF
]SQ OU HTSNS CO PC COC RLF PLHU HY[ H[QC CO PGLSWD PL[JC HFLUL PC VC RLLF GUS
> [ZDO HTSNS HKZS MNOH@ FLUGO
FLUGO LFN RLF ]LDO MOG WNU HC@ VHTDO FLUG CO ON GCH[G FU PL[DHTH PLZOHJ LH
L[ FLUG CO PC [DFD RHFO OHNL MNOG FLUGO GOLJ]Q RLHN]S PC PE FU HSLC > FL[H]U
KWZ C CJ CD[G ]HD UUH FHUH CD[ RDQ[D CDHQ RNH
HFLUG CO HOLWC FLUGO HSQIHG PC ODC RHFO H]OTHW GSLC GFDO FLUGO GSHHN R[G ]UFOH
RLLF GUS FU RLC PUKQ CO MC L[LCQG ZW]TS RNH PLSLLF PLUS PSLCH PLFU HOC L[G VHTDO
]HFUO COC PND GYH[ LSLC PGO [QHCN RHFLS CQ PLFU [DFG OUD ]SQIGD PHQ COC
GUFO GOKD P]HFU OHTW HC DH[Z PGQ FJC CYQS RLFO HI ]ZHOJQD ]WTHS C]HZWS@
[C ]C PLOTHW PLOHTWG L[G FLUGO HSHHN]SH PLOHTWH PL[N [DFG ]C HC[ PC GSHC[
LWOH >PLFU ]HLGOQ [CG ]C CLYHGO PL[N PLFU LS RQIO RLCHLSD HEGS MNOH@ PLFUG
NGIE OHTW HC DH[Z FJC CYQS RLSUO [QHO FY L [CHDQ TH]DH RDQ[U PLOTHW PSLC GLS GUF
> RLLF GUS FU RLSUO NCQ GCH[G FUD PE OHTWO
FDD H]HFU [QC [DN PC HOLWC FL[GO@ PL[JC ]HFU LW OU RHFO [N FUG VL[G ]UFOH
CDKL[G ]UFH C[DTQ COOCZ UGC CHIJG KZS RNH PL[JC LWU RLLFO H[LNGO L
RLC PLFLUQ PL[JC RLCN Z[H >HLOU FLUG GI ]C ]HNIO [IJQ CQ LN OHTWO ICL[GH
FLUGO LFN GOLJ]Q TSNS PC H]LLC[ LW OU RHFO OHNL
WZ
EJ C[]D CDD PHNLTO ]HDH]H ]HOC
MC HFLUG PC COC PL[JCG ]C PLOTHW RLC PLOHTW PLFU RLSUO VL[GN KZS RDQ[G@
PGL[G PLFUO PQYU ]C HU RHLN GSHC[ GUFN UL[NG HC[ PL[N PLFU RLSUO
>PL[JC PLFU LWU HOLWC RLFO PLOHTW
RHFO PL[N PLFU ]HLGO GOLJ]Q HCD CO ON GOLOD HGHC[D PE PD[ L[DFQ [CHDQ E
LHC[ RLC GOLOD PGLSWD GHYQG U[QDLNG COG [LUG CD[G@ PGLSWD PLFLUQ PL[JC PC
GUS RLC GCH[G FU PD[G ]UFO GLG RLFDH PLFU LOU HHG PGO [QC HOLCNH HL[DF [TQ FLUGO RLFO
>OCZ UGC CHIJD QNH OTHW LQ HSLYQ CO GUQO POHCH [DFD HSHFL CO RLLF
RLLF GUS FU >VHLI ]SUK COO WNU@ ]H[K PHLZ RHEN RSD[F ]HFUD F
TH]
L HOLWC [DFD RLLF ]HLGO OHNL HSLC WSG ]C E[G FJCO GCH[G RHEN ]HWS LSLFD
TH] DL ]HNQ CDLZU LD[O HLFUOD PL[JC PLFU P
FHUH CN ]HDH]N
FLZ VF
"[IHJ L]QLC FU RLSZ KUZ
PD[ FQUQ H]HCD HD [HIJO ONHL GSZQ RN ]UF OU [IHJ PLDHL RQI ON [QC GD[ RLSZ
DH P]DLLQ HQZ CO HOLWC [JC RLSUO H[DU ODC RLSU H]HCD PLZTHU RQI ON [QC VTHL D[
GD[ FESN VTHL D[N GNOG [IHJ HSLC
HGYZ QHJ PLFFYG RQ FJC ON OYC ]QLLZ G[IJG ]H[WC C
FHUH GSHL HSD[ JNZ]] GDH]D HO UH RCN HLHFJD CD[G RDQ[G LG G[LNQ PDQ[G HD]N D
COC [HIJO [WC LC GLSZG LN[F [CD ODC [FHT RLSZD CZHF IGYZ QHJ UHD GNH
[HIJO [WC LC GHD GH LWLOJD PE G[HCNO UQQ GQ[G L[DFQH@ [HDLF LFN MH]D
]HLOU U [HDLF LFN MH]D HOLWC [IHJ RLC GZIJH GNLQD PL[DHT LH >[HDLF LFN [JCO
KNZ LD KNZ ROGO CDKL[ GSHL HSD[F
CWZ
OHNL PCG [FHT RLSZO CHG GQHFH [DFG VHED RLSZG RLC GKH[WD TNS GSHZD RHLU ML[YH
ILZT P UQT HD [HIJO
GLSZG LN[F [CO [FHT RLSZ RLD ZHOLJ RLC JW[] [LG [WT P] HSD[ ]UFO
LH JNZ]] CJ CD[G ]H RLSZ OND COC FDOD R]HSD HC [NHQD [HQC HSLC GI RLF GC[S E
GCSLHH[W LQNJ PD L[LCQG CLDG RN PLZOHJ
[IHJH R]HS CHG GU OND ]YZQD U[Q DLN ]S]QD COC [IHJ H[QC CO [QHC LQ L
PLSHC[G [C ]UF RN RLCH ]HS]Q [CD NCQ RLSUD ZHTU RQI ON
[HIJO [WC LC DH GYHJG HCYL CO LWUC HDLH HQZ PC CD[G L[DFQ UQQ F
R[D [HWQ RNH GD[O HOLWC
C[QED HSLLY ]HNOGD FDOQ VTHL D[ FESN GD[N GNOG PHZQ OND TH]GH VL[G ]UFO G
C[QEG ]HLEHT MQT OU GFLDC [QH RLFD VTHL D[N HZTW PLSHC[ GQNH VL[G POHCH@
]FJHLQ GDLT RLC PHZQD ODC XHJ PGO L ]HOONG DH[ LN CLHZ HI RLCH CZQD
GD[ FESN VTHL D[N GNOG HNZ ROGO GQ[ FLD PE UH FHUH RDQ[ GD[N GNOG OONG RQ HCLYHGO
>CLEHTG ]QL]T HC H]HQN HKZS PLWTHS PLQNJ PC
]UF VTHL
GNOG PLSLF GO Z[ HSLLY GQH@ GD[N GNOG PHZQ OND ZHTW [DFG RLC PL[DHT LH
D GUL[I ]DG MTHQ DO MHSLJ ]JSQ UH HYZ] LNCOQ FL UU >HS]NTQD Z[ HGI VTHL D[N
EJLZ JHC CHIJ
"H]C ]C OUDG RNH "HL[HLO GLTNS OLJSGO [DZD HQC ]C [HL RDG PCG WZ
[DZD H]C ]C [HL OUDG RLC PN DCG RQ PLJCO OLJSGO [DZD HQC ]C [HL RDG RLC
G[FG HCLDG TH]G HOLCH HQC ]H[LD HJN UZW RDG ]Q RHLN CLG C[DT D]N PD[ C
RLC PN PL[JCO OLJSGO G[HL HSLC ]Q OUDGNH OUDO ZHG KSZ ROGOF
GLL[HQO PFHZ G]Q H]C ]C [HL OUDG
FDC[GH PDQ[G HZOJSH FQ GFS LWU MN [JC FLQ ]Q HOLWC HQC ]C [HL HQHL RD ZHSL] D
PC L[HGO LFN [HL OWSG PE LN HLFJ HO HON CON PE [HQC GI RLF PCG ELC ]HOJS
DCG ]ZIJD PLTNSG LWO ZWTQ [HL PDQ[G ZTW OWS ZWTD CZHF PL[QHC LH GSQ FLEQD U HCO
UUH HLFJ HOND CZHF ZTW LC ICL[ LZTWDH CO]] DJ IDF[G ]HD U GHDCF CU[N RDGH PLFQHU
DQZCQZ ROGO
[HL HSLC H[QC PLJCO OLJSGO Z[ HLDCO OLJSGO [DZD HQC ]C [HL RDG D]N LQ L E
DCG RLF MN OU ZOHJ CO LTD P CD[G HOLCH OJN DJ CD[G ]HD ]H[ECD U
GDH]D D[G KZS RNH FDOD HN[L LCYHLO OLJSGO COC [HL RDG RLC POHUO PLJCG RLFN
KHW [DFN JL
PLSHC[ HLSDO OLJSGO CO VC [DZD CHGN H]C ]C [HL HSLC POHUO OUDGH
[CN GODLZ PCG GH[L G]HC GSD ]C ][HL PCG ][QHCG GUFO C[H]D [CHDQ F
GO GCD HJNQ HLDC ]JWQO OLJSGO [DZD RDG G[HL G]Q
[DZD H]D ]C [HL DCG DCG RQ PLJCO OLJSGO [DZD HQC ]C [HL HSLC RDG LW OU VC G
GDH]D CD[G JLNHGO ML[CG RN GQC PCH GQCQ GO HCD PLTNS HOLWC PL[JCO OLJSGO
IN DJ
HKZ FLZ PLWF
"GLSD ]C ][HL PCG
s PCG
t CWZ
][L ]D ONH [QCSH KZ GJWQ GLH[Z GSLC PC ]JWQ GLSD ]C ][HL PCG RLC HS]SQ P]TO
RHUQ LD[D GFHGL LD[ PD [TQ RSJHL LD[H ][HQ GSLCH ][HL GOJS
GKQO PCG GKQ ZHG ]HKQ HSD ]C [HL DCG PN GSD ]C ][HL PCG DS FG] U GFHGL
DCG
PFHZ CHG LJN ODC@ LJ HSLC DCG [CN ][HL PCG [D GFHGL LD[O PD[WO C
RHEN DC [C RLCN COC ][HL PCG RLC PL[WQ TH]GH >GJWQ GLH[Z DC ]JWQ
OC[LQ DCG RLC
PDQ[ LWU >[C HO RLCH DC RLCN HOLWC@ GLSD ]C ][HL PCG RLC GSQ P]TN RO CQLLZ D
LQ LH CL ]HDH]N TH]Q CLDG RNH DS RFG ]QH[] IHC FL[G LZTW GQ[ FL DC ]HOJS
JL[GQ [D GFHGL LD[N GNOG CQ ZW]TS
[D RHUQ LD[ PLT[HE L
DWZ