RLSUO CQK ]ZIJ PU RHQQ ]ZIJ GHG R[G POHCH OLUH] C]GF GZIJ PU C[ZLUQF GZIJ [WC RL[HTLC RLSUO NCQ
GI
GQHFNH [DUD LHW GLG RNH LHW CHG G]U LQD ]HLWLCO J RLSUO RHEN@ HOC PLSLSUD PLSH[JCG HS]SH HCS [DNH
CKN ELJN CJ [IULJC ]H DLE C]]UQ D CLZ UGC PL[WC ]LD ]H U >CU[CH GF CO ]HQDL TH]UH
PLNL[Y RLCH H]HC PLQQG PLFDUH PLS LW OU P]HFU MHQTO PLFUG PLOHNL OI CDKL[G D]N
FLDNG PL[QHC PGH HQU PLOLE[G ]CH H]LD LSD ]C PLOCH RHLN COC ]Q FU RQIG ON HQU FHQUO
OI RDQ[G OHFEG D[G HSSHFC ]UF RNH ]HSHQQ LSLFD GZIJG OU RLNQHT MN MH]Q [KWSH HLOJ
IZT UQTDH DCS[ QHJ CQ[D CDHG RNH
F S Z VF
MND LHZ ON RLCH GSQD ]HLHS [DN ]H]LL[D GQN LW OU VC CSQLI CFJ GD HELOWLC CGH
RLSQ CLLJ [ GCS CO LD[ H[QC HQNH GSQGQ GHSUQ [DN C]LL[DO CLG ]HWLFU GD[FC
"C]LL[DDH GSQD PLLQUW [DFG ])S;G
v t OU HZG HGQ RN PCH "HO
PLFUG ]SQ OU ]TJLL]Q C]LL[D G]HC D]N HI GOCQ [QGO GY[ PD[G GC[SH
CLLJ [ GS GQ LWO GSQD HOLWC ][JC PUW GD HZOJS COG GZQ HGIH ]HDH]ND H[QC
CDKL[ FHQO]D GD CYHLN LH C]LL[DD
QDD CDKL[G D]N GID CYHLNH [LCQ [ L[DF HI GD TH[EO GQYU GSQD PL[DF VLTHG CLLJ [ H]SHHN ]LC[S G[HCNO
P ZQKD UH RLNH[N COC HSLSWO CT[EN RL[HZ GSQD GS CO CLLJ [ N
HSLSWO GLHS CLG HQN CO GSQD CT[EG [WO CD C]LL[DD CLLJ [ FLZ ZD ]UF VTHLD CDHQD GI RLUN GC[H
E LT C Z[W C]WTH]DH C]LL[DD PL[ZJQ [WTD ]HWTHS ]HCQEHF GC[H
C]C LN [QHC GFHGL LD[ CLS] ES RL[FGSTF CLEHTQ [DFO GLC[H GSQD RN TH[EO GSHHNG HSLYQ ]LQ]T C]LL[DD VCH
RL]LS]QD ][JC GT[E GSHC[G C]LL[DG GSHHNG COC "L[F C]LS]QQ LS]QO UHLT CLDQ GQ DYH RS]FN LS] ZJYL D[
RS]FN C]LL[D CLDG ZJYL LD[H
EN LT L[ PLKHZO QHJ LC RHIJ UUH
Z[ PLLZ GZLFDD OHHLSG PL[WHT ]NTQ LWU T FHLD VTHL ]LDD UQQ HOHHSO PLC[ P]C LC
MHQTD G[HDZG [JCO HOLWC PL[QHC LH OOG ]LDD UH [DZS P[KD GZLFDD CO MC G[HDZG [JCO
L GI RHEND Z[H HWZ GJ LHOG KD ]H IOZ ]HODC ]N[UQ FQJ LFD GID U OHHLS J RLC RLLFU GO
EQ OCZIJL ]TSN ]H PLUOH] HD HOU PC GOESN OHHLS
DLZ[GO OLJ]Q [DN ]QGN G[HDZGQ GQ RQI [HDUN ZOJO CYL CSZ DJ FHL GQ ]H[EC ]HD
HCYQLL PEG RN ]HUO [HTC GLG ]HJHZOO VCH HLDH[Z OU Z[ COH PFC ON OU HOHHSO [HTLC OJ
]HYQ FYQ PEG GI RQI [DU CO PCH >P CLDG GFHGLDUFHSG ]UFN COF GIH@ MN OD PLFTWS
VFD OLUO CDHQD U [JC PHZQD H]KL MN G[HDZ ]HYQ OKDQN GI L[G@ H[DZ ]C JH]WO [HTC G[HDZ
RQ HSLC PLDH[ZG OU GSHC[H C[D ]OKHQ G[HDZG ]HYQ RHLN RHUKO ]HJHZOG PLOHNL >DZ
GNZ
]UF VTHL
HFLTWL PL[HLG OU HWNL FD CDLZU LD[ LSWO P]SUK G]LG HIH PN]HHYQ OOED FTWLS HSC RLFG
[DZG ]JL]W UHSQO LFN RHQQG ]C PG
PC PE FHUH HOHHSO PNO [HTC G[HDZGQ RQI [DU [DN PC PLSWHCG LS OU CDLZU [ PDLGH
PLLHU PLSQLTG COG [DZG ]JL]W ]ULSQ OOED FLTWGO PNO RLC RNCH DLZ[L LFND RQI [DU CO
]HS]GO
[HTC PGO PE WUCH [DZG ]JL]W ]ULSQ OOED FLTWGO ]HJHZOG OU RLC D]N GQD G[H[D GSLC H][DT G[HCNO C
HJ]WOQ PLUHSQ PG COC G[HDZG ]QJQ [LL FTWG RCN RLC COGH PLDH[ZG OU [ZLUD OKHQ G[HDZ RLF RHLN HJ]WO
"MN OU PLDH[ZG ]C UHD]O MLL GQ JH]WO [HTLCG OJ PGLOU PE RHLNH OHFE CHG C Q ZHFDOH
RN OUH DLZ[GO OJG CO RLLFU QQ OHHLS RLC CF RHEND [DZG JH]WO [HTLC RLC RHQQ FTWG PHZQD H]SHHN GC[SH
HCLYHGO PLNL[YH [DZO PSHQQ OWS HOLCNH GOYG ZWT HOLWCH MND PSHQQ ]C PLOLYQ PG L[G JH]WO []HQ RNC ]HJHZOO
[DZ ]C JH]WO []G RLC GH[LG ]C PLODZQ PSLC COC PGOQ RHQQ PLFTWHQ PSLC PLDH[ZO MC [DZG ]JL]W LU
]QG OQ PLCLYHQ G[HDZG ]HCYHGN RHFLS GI L[GH HLTNS ODZO LFN PL[HQ
]HDH] VHTD U HS]LEHTO [ZGD > RLFG ]F[J F PUKG PLLZ PC@ PL[U RDQ ]HJWDH RKZD ]QG LHSLW RLSUD FHU D
HNZ QHJ [IS LSDC ]HDH [LCL ]HJ
G]U PLCYQSG PLSQLTG HLG RN COHO UQQ G]LQ [JCO ]HS]GO RLLHU RLSQLT FHUH
LTHT UGC VTHL ]LDD GCLDGH GEO GDH]D C[G JLNHG RCNQ G [ L N Q ]UD OHFE GLG PLJLNHQ
GS EL RDQ U[WQO OHFEN H]HC RLZLIJQ OHFE CYQSH RQI [JCO ZFDS PC EQ
]Q CO PC G[LNQG [JCO FLQ ]Q ]QH HLDC LTNSD [NQ H[W CDKL[GH CD[G RDQ[GH
G[LNQG [JCO PLSQLT CLDG CQ FLQ
[C TH]G HD]N HQN PLSQLT HO HCYQS COH EL [JCO ZFDS [DHFQ RLC C[GO [W FLFLZ UGC CHIJD@
MLL RLC G]SL G]LQG [WC G]UH U[WQO OHFE CHG PLSF HSLLG PLSQLTG ]C ]HSO GOHOU G]LQG COHO RN OU
FLQUGO HN[YHG MNOH HNU PLCH[ PLSQLTG LWN PLSF HSC ]HSO GOHOU G]LQG PC HOLWC PL[DHT TH]GH C]GF GZIJ
PE H[WL OY MNH FLQ ]Q RDQ[G NQH C[G ]LC[ OU HSUL GQ UYH PLSQLT HCYQS COH ZFDS OLFEG [JCO
OLFEG G]LQO G[LNQ RLD UE[ H]HCD HJS CO GQO RLLFU CHIJG GZG C[GQ D]N HQNH TH]G
HJQYL CC GIN RLSUD ]H[U HCYQLL CQ ZHFDO PHZQ GLG G]LQG LHSL ][DT COHO OL COG CLHZ LCQ UYH
G]LQO MHQTD KZ UE[D POHN
D[LD L[GQ U RHQQ RLSUO U[WQO OHFEN RHFLS HSLC PLSQLT HCYQS HOLWC PL[DHTH C[G ]KL OU PLZOHJG L RNCH
CGO QHJ GDH] LJ]W XD]GH CD[G PD P VTHL ]LDD CDHQG
C[G ]UF RN > CE[S HD HF PLSH[JCG ONF ]WD CDHQN COFH@ UHG ]U[NGQ ]HKSO RLC ZLTG ILZT P CHIJDH
FO ]HQDLD CD[GQ JLNHGO IKZTD CLDGH RDQ[G COC GID ZOHJ HSLYQ COH HI GKLO []HL ]JHH[Q CLEHTH TH]GH
C[GN
CD[GQ CLDG D[LD L[GQ ]SHHN HI GC[SH FLQ HGHZFDF RDQ[G L[DFN CD[D RCN [HWQ L[G L]SDG COH
HJL[NG GQ L]UFL COH U RCN RDQ[O GSHHNG CD[GQ LDG CLDG GQ D]N I PLZTW CZU[ ]HD RNC
RLD ZOJO L LOHC ]HQDLD CD[GQ CHIJD GZG GQH GOCG PL[DFN C]LC HSLSWO CD[G LHFJD COG RN [QHO
L[GQ CLDG XD]G ]UF RNH RCN CDKL[G D]N RNH OHFE RQIO GZFDS PHL H]HCD L[LLQ LNGDF KUHQ RQI
FZ DJDH CU CJD
HNZ
FSZ VF C[]D CDD
]LFES ][JC GZIJ VC LOHC HC RHQQ ]ZIJ FESN COC [QC CO RDQ[G FFLY P CZU[H
>INHN HK[ UGC [IS LSDC ]H GK EJ [IULJC ]H IDN G[LNQ JQ [HC GI RLSUD UUH
LTNSD HQZHOH HGLL[K HQLLZO HZFHDO HGO GQO [KG PHLZD GLC[ ][QCF MFLFO COC DU
]SUK LJNGO LFN HZFHDO PLCD HLG MNLWO HQLLZO HCYQ CO CQ CLHZ LCQ [QC] PCH
LSD [KG PLLZ]S HOLWC UQQ [KG PLLZ]S COH DH]N CO MNQ PLY[]Q L "GJWQG LSD
CD[ PLSQCS GJWQG
CFJ LCGF H[LW OZ LIHI H[QL] LNH FHUH HOHHSO PLC[ P]C LCF CFJ HGO [QCZ LNG
[ZLU C[]D CQUKH GLKZS CQOUD VLSTO CQZ CQUKF C[]D CQUKO ML[Y CQZ CQUK FHUH
HGIH H[DJO ML[Y HSLC FJCH FJC ON L PLN[F GO OU FHUH CFJ FHQO]D L L][LW [DNH
KHULQF KHULQD HGIH RSL[QCF CLGGN CQOUD VLSTO C[]DH RHC[G PUKN PUKG [ZLU LH DH[G
GLJ[I HSLD[ POHN [LW [DNH ]HQHZQG KHULQD GIH RLWLST CQZH [ZLU C[]D CQUKF LH ]HQHZQG
[HCQG OUD GLJ[I HSD[ ]LDG ZFD H[WTO GQFZGD JNHQ LWN GC[GO GSHHNG GC[SN QNG D[G L[HQ O HSZI
P RLHYQDH DNZ OLUO CDKL[H PD[D UUH CDKL[G CDYG [WTD HSZI GLG
PLQF DHLJ OU Z[ ]DTHQ GSUKGH GFG RLSZD GFHQ LW OU VC PLQF LO ]]S COH MO L][NQ
RHQQO RHQQQ HELQ N DJS GI RLCH VLHIQ [KG RHUKO OHNL GLG HELQ D PLQFG OU RQCS NWUC
LOHJ LONCF LILU HGSGF GUQD HO OLUO UH PG FJC [DFN GLQFH GFG LWO
[NQG OKD]S HU[W COH RQIG [DUH UHFL RQID HGU[WLL ]SQ OU HO G[NQ RUHK [QHO L FHU
TH]GQ RN CLDGH GLSG M[FG ]C [ZLUO KZSH CDKL[ HGF ]C COC PLQF UDH] HSLCH
CLDGO HLOU G[LNQG LQF OKS CO RUHK MN [JCH H[DJO UZ[Z [NHQG CD[G JLNHG RCNQ
CO PC@ L]U[W [QHO RQCSH JZHOG OU GW OU GHOQN ]HLGO G[LNQG LQF H[IJ JZHOG OU COH GLC[
PLS O MH]D OI PL[WC HSD[ PD D]N OI [HKLUG OUD L[DFN CO GIH >LIHIC ZLWSH OLLU
ROGO CDHQD UU PLQF LO L]]S CO [QHO RQCS [NHQG RLC [CHDQ RCN L[GH GLC[ CLDGO JZHOG OU
ITZ
RSJHL [ O HNHWLGN GNOGO KZS UQQ PD[D MHWLC "[QCZ PLFUD GLC[ RSJHL LD[ CGH
GLDC[ RDC[ PLZTHW GQN HZTW RNH [KG PLLZO ML[Y RLC VCH GS]QG ODZQ PU RLFG PLQNJNH
EQT PDQ[GH VL[G OCSSJ HSD[ POHCH O ]HC K Z[W GLNI OG ]HLSHQLLQ ]HGEGD PLCDHQ E[HDSKH[Q P[GQ
COOH CLEHTG ]OLJ]D RSJHL LD[ L[DFN PLFUD GLC[ HZTW CS[ QHJ UHD GNH CD[H RDQ[ IHC
PLFUD JLNHGO ODZQG OU COC OLUOF R]S [N COH DZUL [N HZTW MNOH PLQNJH [LCQ [ ]NLWG
CL[D R]HSG GLG
GSHC[G M[FG LWN HZTWH L[QCF CNLC N PG L[G RSJHL [ ]KLD C[LI [ L[DF P]KLO GC[SH
HOLCH PLQNJH [LCQ [ ]ZHOJQ [HCDD GD[H CSHG D[ ]KL MN LWO RN HZTWH LQOH[LD CHG RNH
FFL PLKHZO QHJ LC RHIJ LWU PG CSHG D[ LFLQO] CSHG D[ [D GD[H CFTJ D[
INZ
]UF VTHL
GNOGG LOON LWO [WO CD CHIJG MC EZT CS[ C[EGDD CDHQH VLFUH [D]TQ HQUK LWO CSHG D[N ZTW ZQLS VL[G
QHJ DLIU UGC JDO G[HQ] H[WTD U QND H]KL ]LC[S LWN ]H[DTG LSWQ PLOONGQ ]HKSO RLC [DHT LWO
]UF VTHLD KH[LWD RLHYQN C[DTG LWU PLOONO FHELSD PL]UO HUL[NG GC[S PLSHQFZG L[DFQ POHCH J VFO N PLKHZO
UYH GN RLHFZ
RDQ[UH RN T[E VL[G PEH CDKL[D DHLNH C[]D CHG LWO LNG OLLZ MNOH GD[ COH CD[ TH[EO L D]N CD[GH
LHQSH C[
G S Z VF
OHCO L G[HCNO "PLTNSD ]HJHZO L]JSF GO ]JNQ LNLG PLFUD GLC[ ][QCF MFLFO COC
PHQH PLSQLT CLDG ZIJHQ HGL[G PLS OONO ULEG ON CD[F GZIJ ]QLLZ COGH CLHZ LCQ
TH]G HZG GQH@ RHQQ CLYHGO GJND RLC GFDO CD[F GZIJ [QHO LH "PLTNSO ]HJHZOG HF[L MN
RCN L L[GH PLSQLT HCYQS G]U PHQ COC CFL[E CD[F GZIJ PHQ CO FHUH GF FSZ OLUO
FHUH TG RHLOED CZU[ ]LHZ ]C X[] GIDH@ FLFLZ UGC LC RHIJ LWU >CD[F GZIJ VH[LYD C]GF GZIJ
GFHGLD UFHSDH KZT P CHIJD CDHQH CD[F GZIJ LWU RHQQ CLYHGO CC D]N RCN C[G TH]D UUH >PLSH[JC
C FTJ ][H] ]HD UH CD[F GZIJ LWU RHQQ RLCLYHQ OSG TH]G ]UFD D]N CT UGC
GQO PFC O H]UF RLC PL[U OLE FU [CHDQ PL[U RDQ HLDC LTNSD [NHQ L]QLCQ RKZ
PL[U OLE FU PLQ LFLD PLLSUQ RLC PUKG RDHQ GIDH ]HUZ[Z ][LNQD HLOU MHQTO RLC MNO
GHOZ PFCG ]UF
PFC RLC G IUD H[QC L[GH GQNJ GSZ GI CHG RZIG GSZIO PL RD ING ]HDCD H[QC MNOH
COQ]S GQO ]UF OONO ULEGQ GS PLUD[C H[DUN RN PC GS PLUD[C FU HD[ ]UF OU FQHU
CL H[F DJ DF ]H[UL MH]Q GQNJ
JO "HGQ R]QH CQ DLKD ]UFHL FJC PHLH GS G[U UD[C ]D ]ZHSL] HSD[ HSFQOL DU
H[W PDQ[GH VL[G [NQQ G[NQQH JZQ GJZQ R]QH CQ DLKD ]UFHL PC GLO
FNH GSZ PLTNSD CZHF R]QH CQ DLKD UFHLG RKZD RCN H[QC GQ >C[H PD[N CO@
[JTQD LZD HOLWC OON G[LNQ H][LNQ RLC HLDC LTNSD ODC
D]N COC@ [ZLUO JY]] CJ ]HD CD[G KZS RNH GT RLKED CDKL[G D]N HI GKLNH KGO[ UHD ZTWS RNH
FDC[GQH RDQ[G GC[SN H[HQQ CLDG RNH PL[U RD H]HLG PFHZ VC OLUHQ CL[D ]S]QD HLLJD HLDC HO HS]S PC
GSLC HI GDH] G[HCNO GC[SH PD[G ]KLN P CDHQ FLZ] IJD POHCH >HLHFJDH KQ[ IQ[ DJD GS RNH
CZ] P[GQ FLQO] RKZ XD]D GOWNS CLG LN P[GQQ COC CD[GQ
JZQ HJZQ COH [NQ H[NQQ RLC PL[U OLE [JCO PE R]QH CQ DLKD UFHL HSLC PC PL[QHC LH
JC C[G ]HD KH[LWD U [HKLUG OUDO ]WTHS GKL LH CDKL[U
DO RLHFZD CDHQD U TD CD[ O HL]H[IJ ]HUWH] OU
OICF PL[U RDQ ]HJW CHGG
JNZ