LSWQ [DFG PUKH XYHJ HSLC FLWZQ LWUC HKHULQ ODC XYHJ HLOU FLWZQH HDH[ G[H] [DF
PLQG MH]D HWHE ONH OLCHGH FHUH DWHT ]HUHD OLSHOQ L[ LWU H[D ON OOND GI L[GH HOHNN HDH[
LWU VHEO OKD HSLC KHULQ H]HC LW OU VC PLQO HWHE RLD XHYJO DHJ KHULQG RLC PGD UEHS HDH[H
ILWOH VHEO OKD DJS KHULQG LSWQ PUKG H[LDTG LH HL FZQG LON L[IU LDC UUH EGY FHL CHIJ
OKDG [DF RCN RLCH OLCHG FNH HL]H]W XWZ ODHKG HC ODHKG ]C IJHC [JC PFC PC PL[QHC L
GJ ]HCHZQ ]HLOU ]HOHE TZ FHL ZFY JQY LWU KHULQD CHG LWUC C]L[HCFQ GOLDKG G]OU CO VHEO
G[H]GQ GYLYJ GSLC GI RHEND VC [ZLUO KZS P CHIJD ODC
FLWZQ HSLC KHULQ HOLWC [DD ]OTHW GYLYJ H]UFO PLSHC[ GQN H[WH [UD G[QCS GNOGG D]N OI L[ GSG
LHO] GYLYJ RLF GQ LN [DGQ [UG ZHOJ L[WO GFWZG RLSUO Z[ FJO PHZQ L CQH ]HQHZQ GQNQ MN OU HZGH
MNOG HLOC OWKSH H[DO HOKDQ L[G FLWZQ RLCNH H[DO OWKG ]C LHDL[G PHQ CT CJ ZJYL [NI [WTD [LW GFWZGD
[DF H]HC [DO OWK GUS XYHJG [DFD GI LWO OLH HWHEN LHG HLOU FLWZQ HSLC L[ ]SHHN HI OLH@ XYHJ HSLC
HSLC HQYU [UG LSWQ FLWZQ HSLC [DFD HCFQ GOLDK GOLUHQ [UD Z[ L[ [DT NCH >UYH [U RLFN GOLDK RHUK
KHULQO DH[ RLD ZHOLJG POHCH [DD NCQ H]OLDK GOLUHQ HO OWKG [DF LN MNOG H]HOWK PHQ COC GOLDK RHUK
MNOG FLWZQ L[G ]HOLWK PUKQ HSLC [DD RG [UD RG MLL G[H]G OND [HQCG RLF CHG HOHNN HDH[ PUKQ CHG
]HLHZ ]HDHLQH XYHJ HSLC FLWZQ HSLCD H[QCH [UDQ []HL [DD HD H[LQJG CO RSD[FQ COC XYHJ HSLC KHULQD
L[ OU PLSHC[G
COC XYHJ RLC [UDH HLOU FLWZQ PC KHULQ HOLWC C]L[HCFQ XYHJ [DD MWGO UQQ GC]LO] FL[H]D [LUGO LH
FLWZQH HDH[
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G VF
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VL[ JWK GDJ[ CG] GLF GSQQ GKQO GD KUQQ G[HZG MN JWK GDJ[
HSD[ DHLNH G[HZD KUQO [LQJG MNO GNL[F LFL OU ]JWLGO GOLE[ GSLC PHQH G[HZ LU KUQQ VL[G L[DFD [CHDQ
R]HSN LQ GOUQO VC RNH [NLGO L MH]D PLJWK EQ GOUQO G[HZ ]SL]S GOLUHQ PC UYH@ UZ[ZG OU GS]HS [DHFQH R]SHGL
>[NLG ]HHGO GCL[D GSLC G[HZ
LF VTHL D[O PQ G[HZG PGO ][NLSH HD PLQ]Q LHDQG LSD HQLG JK HH[LW GKQ O [NLG GC[S L[WOH
[]HL ML[Y GKQO HQLG JK O [NLG LLDCOH [NLGO JWKD LF GOUQO PN [NLGO JWK HQL JKD
PLJWK FD HSO LF GSHC[G H]ZIJDH H[NGD LHDQ FLQUGO LHDQ ]OJ] CNG LHDQ VHT P]G
CDKL[ LWU ]HQC F DHJ [HUL ML[Y H[LNG ]OLJ]D ODC UH[E LHDQ [HUL CHG
[HULD LF GIO PFHZG RLFG ]H[CLG RLDH P HC RLF O FJQ GOHJ] RLD ZHOLJ L ]HQHZQ GQND GID CYHLN HSLYQH
]LD UUH ]HKQGDH K C]L[HCF RHH]C [WTD GI OOND GDJ[GD UU FL[H] LWU FNH DHICH ]LYLY LQHF[E RLSUN ]HJW
GOZ DT LL
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GUD[C TW ML[Y COC HNH]O RLJH]W ]H[YJH PL]D HGL FU G[HZH LJOD []LS LHDQ RLC
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ONN [D]TQ "[NLG []HL ML[Y PL[HLF []HL HD L ONN C[D]TQ CNWLC GD[FC [QC] PCH DL
RN OUH ]H[HQE []HL ]HYLJQO CHG M[YS HD OHNCOH ]HULSY LLQ]OH G[LFO []HL LHU PHZQG
PSLC ]HULSY LLQ] HD PLQ]Q PLKUHQ HL[LLFH OLCHG HO PLJH]W ]H[YJH PL]D RLC LHDQ
E[ GJ CD[G ]H LWU []HL ]HDHK ]HYLJQ GNL[Y [YJN PGL[G MNLWO MN ON PLHD
HCU HOLWC MNOG ]LHI R[ZD J]W PLHU RLC [DT JLNHG LLDCH ]LHI R[ZD GLO J]WF VTHL D[H
HI GT[LE GCDHG CO PLSHC[ [CD MC HLHFJD R[G [LWH T[E RN LHDQ HSLC GI
LHDQ LHG LQS PLJWK GD[CD HOLWC LHDQ LHGLQO ]HQC UD[C CNLCF FU LJO ][H]Q LZHWCO
LHDQ PGO GC[S RLC PFC LSD PLC[HZ LHDQ HSLLG LHDQ PHQ RHFLS ]HQC F CSHG D[ [QC GQH
CDKL[ LWU PLJWK FD PE PLLZ LHDQ RLF ODC ]HQC F HD LN COC
LW OU VC "GLOU VLTHQ CZF CHG LWTHC GLFGD GLO LZHQF LC HFLQUQ RNLG LJO H]HC DU
LHDQG ][]G PO GKLODG OU VLTHQN NCH MN PO GUS PC KOHDG LJO ON OLUHQ L[WO
GUDZHG CO GKLODG L[GH GKLODG OU ]WTH] COC HSLC GIG LJOGH OLCHG [QHO L "OLUHL CO UHFQ
LJO OOND GSLC CLG PEH [ZLUO ]WTH] G]HC GOKD MN PO
[L]Q HSLCH HLOC OKHDQ CHG L[G [NLS HSLC RLSUD O]HNO H[DLJH LHDQD LJO UDHZG [CHDQ GI LWOH
]QC ]WD D]N C[DTG [ZLUNH KN CJ PL[LQ DDHF LWU MN PO GOLJ]Q GUS LWUC
G[HZH LJOD []LS LHDQ XH[WG OU GDH[Q FQHUD ][]LS G[HZH LJOD ][]LS GSLC [YJ GQH
PFC LSD O PN[F RHLN PLSHC[ HD]N DJ[ TWD COC G[HZH LJOD ][]LS GSLC [YJG [DFG PUK
CD[G ]H LWU LHDQQ []HL ]H[HQE ]HYLJQ GNL[Y MNO GD OHNCOH ]HULSY LLQ] [YJD Q]GO
PLZTHWD CDHG E[ GJ
UHDL[G GC[S RLC MNOG HDJ[ OU []L HN[C LHDQN GSLCH ]UDH[Q [YJG LSWQ [LW LQ LH
[YJG J]W RLSUO DL ROGO CDKL[D DHLN C[DT UH EC[WQ O[GQO GL[C [HE LHFJ LWU ]HKUHQ ]HYLJQD PH]TN
]UDH[Q CLG LSWQ LHDQDQ []HL [YJD ][NLS GY[LWG PLJWK GUD[C HD RLC
>C[H O[N COF@ [LW FLGT CHIJDH PLTWD COC ][]LS GSLC [YJG LSLTQ HODZ MN CDHQ H]Y[W GF TH]DH
ILUNO ]WTHS CQEHF UH@ ]QC ]WD FFY RNH PGL]HD[Q PLQNJO [DFG ODHZQ COC QQ LSLTQ GQO GNOGO P]SHHN RLC
>GSQD GF CL ]QC ]WD
LWO [WO L ZHOLJG PUK OYN GUD[CD H]Y[W LHDQD [QC] [UD G]Y[W RN [YJO GQ
GI RHSETD HC [YJD HOZG PN GY[LWD HD HOZG CO MNO HGQ LJOD VC []LS HD HOZG LHDQG
UD[C GO L [YJD NCQ [U ]Y[LW HD G[]HG CO MNO GYH[W ]JC JH[ L LHDQD LSWQ
]HYLJQ F GLO G]LC [YJ OZ ]D UH CDKL[H TH]U ]HYLJQ
OKD J]W [HUL CHG PLJWK GUD[C O GY[LW LNH MHOLGO LHU LHDQG LWO [LW LQ LH
]HQC [UQ ]HJW GY[LW RLC MHOLGO GSLC [YJ NCQ GY[LW G]HCD PLCYHL LSWQ LHDQG J]W
GL[C [HE LWU ][THC
I
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[CHDQG LWN UQQ OZGO RGL[DF ZWTH RGL[DF ZWT GLO GHG LFFG LN HGLLH[] HHF ][QC LCQ
L[G CLG GOHFE GJ[KH FHFQO GZ ON G[UG ]OHNLH GULFL RH[TJQ UDHSG ZWT PE ]HWTH]D
CHG PC [H[D RLC PHZQO OGHQ ]CLYL RLSUO KS EJ [IULJC ]HD U OZGO HD PLNOHG PGL[DF ZWT OOND GI
RH[TJD RSD[F ZWT ]HFHC GQ RLHFZ ]UF VTHLD HSFFY GQD UUH GFLFQ LFL OU [[DO FCQ GZH HCO PC PHJ]G MH]D
PHJ] ]FLFQN GD[ GJ[LK HD RLCN RSD[F ZWTD [LQJGO L KS ROGO CDKL[ UUH H[[DO CC GULFL
LHDQG CLYHGO PLCD HSC DJS RLC RFLF ZWTD [WO ML[Y [HTLC ]ZIJ PHZQD RSD[F ZWTD PLOZQ RLC PL[DHTG ]UFO C
H]H[N OU ZWTGH LJO HD L [DN LSWQ [HTLC ]ZIJQ
CDHQDH RHLYG [UDH HQZT TZ DSQ U [LQJGO LHC[ ]HOZD HD [LQJGO [WCN RSD[F ZWT PLSH[JC HD]N GQ LWO D
OZD [WCN LJO RLZ]GO [LQJGO LHC[ ODC RLFG [ZLUQ [DHFQ RCN [QHO L K ]H[HNDH IO IU ]UF VTHLD
LJOD [L]GO L GU] LHDQD PE NC HCO PC ]HQC F DJ[ PC ZWT L GSHHNG PC GHQ]O L
HLOU OJ ]HQC F LJOG MQS PLCH[G LSLUO ON GC[S MC ]HQC F HD RLC CQ ]HQC F KOHDG
L RN PE UFHL GCH[G LN RN [QHO RLC ]HQC GSHQ DJ[G LHDQD MC LJO ][H]Q CYLH RWHF P
L[G GDH[Q XH[WG PCH XH[WG OU GDH[Q FQHUGH ]HQC FQ []HL KUQ L CQ MWS GQQ [L]GO
COHZOH PGL[DFQ ZWT GI L[GH ]HQC F PYQHYQ CHG ]QCD CQ Z[ CHG ZWTGH ]HQC F LJOD RLC
]QC ]W
H VF
[]HQ GUD[CQ ]HJWD PHZQ ONQH LSLC LFDU CO ]LHI R[ZD CJ]WF ]LHI R[ZD X[WS RHEN
PHZQ HSLC FQ ]HJW CQOUDH OLCHG GY[LW COC J]W HSLC L[GH GOQ []HL CHG LWUCH
CD[ LWU GOHUQ LHDQ ][HZ P L RHLN J]WG ][HY HNL[YGO MN ON HLOU H[LQJG CO DHJ
RHOG KW LW OU PL[WQ L PH]TN H][H] [QC OCHQH OHWQN H][H] [QC D[ PHZU LHDQ
L[ LWU J]WG ][HY LSG FYQH G[HZ HC LJO RHZL] FJC FYQ ML[Y OHWQG [L LHDQN HSLF D[O
EIL PDQ[G RHO KW G[HQ RNH R[H CDKL[ >D[ GJH KT[ EJ HL]HDH]DH HLHFJD@ CD[ > TH]DH C[D CDHQ@
EO CZU[ ]HH G[HC R[Z UH PLLJ ][H] [WTD [WO ML[CG RNH O DJ XD[ ]H PE UH VL[GH
]HQLQZUG@ PLJ]W LS HO [C PH]T LHDQ HQN PH]TN H][H] OCHQ L[DF PL[W]Q HI M[FO
PHON ML[Y RLC ]HQLQZUDH J]W OND LJOD LF MNOG >H]Q]HT UYQCD
HJLSL PGO LF ]HQLQZUG FU OHKOKG [L]GO PLYH[ PCH HQYUO PH]T LHDQN L[QEO RHFLS LHDQ ON OCHQO [QHO L HI GUFO
[WTD JLNHG RNH J ROGO R[G KZS RNH MQGD C[QED [CHDQN FYG RQ GY[LWN ]LSHFLS ]LQHQZUG L[G GYZD G[HZ HC LJO
HS]LEHTQ FZT DHO DJ GQO ]JSQ
CHIJ LWU CQOUD GY[LWQ GUH[E ]LQHQZUG LSG GYZD PE G[HZ HC LJO ]JSG COD OHKOKD [L]GO CC PL[QHC L MC
OCSSJ HSD[N MN PHQ T[E R[G MC GL]HQLQZUD CLFHD MH[N J ROGOQ HJLNHGH IC PL[HCDH PLHFJ KL H ZT GT
GL]WD
PGQ FJC ON ]HCHDQ LS RCN L HOLCNH ]HQLQZUG OU OHWQN D[ L[DFD [WQ L[ POHCH
[N MWGO RNH@ ]HQLQZUD J]WG ][HY FHU LJOO VTHSD ML[Y PGLS ]C RZ]O LFN MNOG OHWQ
J