]LJC FHE PL[QHC PHQ G[N RGO PLJWK E MH]D CHG PC RFESN RHHNQ HSLC PEH ]HSWFG RQ
FHDO GD PL[QHC ]LSLF ]HCLYQD VC UQQ L[G ]HSWFG PU MNTG V[YO FHDO PL[QHC DHH MNTG
P]HTH F[HL G[Z] LW PL[QHC RLC RLFG RQ COG LN FHDO PL[QHC RLC RCN UHFQ [WO L HL[DFOH
HOLWC P]HTH F[HL [QHO PLQNJ HOZG LHDQ ][HZD Z[H K ]DD [CHDQN PLJWK F GDJ[G G[Z]D COC
G[HZGN COC G[HQC GSLC HI COHZ OL RN PC PLD[G ]H[ HSLC LHDQG G[H]GQ LSWQ FJC JWKD
F[HL [QHOH [LNGO C[ZLUQ MLL RLC C[ZLUQ MNOG PLD[G ]H[D ]CYQS CLGN COH LHDQG MH]D
HOLCN C]YLJQ ZLTC FHE [QHOH OLJ]GO MLL GNHTD NCQ@ LHDQGQ ]Z]HSQG G[HZD P]HTH
ZOJ H]HC COG RN OU []L >]HOHUG ]HYLJQO MNTG RLD FHDO OL DHH ULZ[O FU ]HOHU ]HYLJQG
F[HL [QHO MLL RLC LCFH HLWON L[G RWHC OND C]L[HCFQ OHKOKD [HTC [CLL G[HZG ]J]Q
]J] JWKG HSLLGF [HTCG PHZQO HCHOQD XH[W LHDQG COG NC F G[Z] P RLCH [JCQ P]HTH
FHDO RLF RCN OLUHL GQH G[HZG
PL[QHC JWK EED HOLWC GYLJQ PHQ G[HZ [QHCG ]UFO GC[S FHDO RLFQ GZG L[ ]UFDH
FHDO PL[QHC RLC PUKO L[ M[YHG RN OUH HW TH]G HFFY HQN C]L[HCFQ VC P]HTH F[HL HD
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LHDQG LO]HND CYQS HOLCN RHYLJG G[HZG FHJ ]C DLJGO FHDO [QHO RLC UHFQ PLSHC[G HD]N FHU
CD[ R[G LHFJ LWU ]ZTWQ G[HZG RCN HQN PL]SLD ZLTWQ [DF LN RN PL[QHC RLC H[WH
CDKL[H
CHS UHH [HKG HD]N GQQ UYH K LTHT JHC ISDC GHU CHIJ UUH KS LDY PNJ ]HD C[DTQ KZS RNH
[LHCNH GI RLSUO ZYHQ VHEQ PLSH PLQ OYH UYQCD PLZLTWQ PLQG PEG GN[F PL[DHU PLQG GYLJQD FHDO PL[QHC
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RLD RHTNOCD OLH LF HFDO FHDO D COG KHDJ LO GQO PLO]NO E MH]D G[HZG RHLN [QC] PCH
GSHWG ]LQHQZUD HSLLG E R]LQHQZUD RLC H[QC GQH@ []HLH PLJWK E ZJ[Q L PLO]NO G[HZG LC[
>G[HZO FU PLJWK GO L GOHUG RHTNOCG ]LLKS ]C FHFQSN ODC [L HZD LHDQG UYQC LWON
DZUL RHCEH PLLJ ][H] UUH FHUH CD[ LWU KHDJ GOLJ] [QCS PC COC FHDO [QHO [WC LC MNOG
PLJWK E RLCN [DHFQ POHUO [JC RWHCD >LC D[ O HSLF KLQG PDQ[G ]UFD@ D]N LQ LH
G[HZG RLLFU ODC PL[DFG [DJO COC OLUHQ RLC FHDO LN KHDJ RLFO HSC PLN[YS NLWUCH RHTNOCD
FHDO RLF OLUHQ RLC GI M[HYOH LHDQG LDE OU CG] G[HZG ML[Y LHDQ [NG RLSUOH GQHZQD ]CYQS
MN LFL OU Z[H GKQO CHG HOLCN HDLJGOH [DFG FL[HGO HSLSU KHDJ RLFO HSC PLNL[Y RN OUH
J[EG LHFJ LWU FYD PLO]NO G[DJO FHDO PL[QHC HSC DHH LHDQG LDE OU ]CYQSN G[HZG ]DJS
CNG GNHT OG LHOG
L[DFQ HKS PLSH[JC GQNH CD[G XH[L]N KZS CO HL[DF MH]Q JNHQ DL GDH]D CZU[EG ]UFD D DZUL ]HOGZD NNH
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R[G LHFLJO [LFGQG ][UG GU HJH ITZ CJ LHOG KD IIU CHIJ P LGZD U ]H[JC PLN[FD H[LWH CZU[
HOLCN PLCH[ LQ[ KHDJ OU OCSSJ HSD[ D]N DN GNHTDH@ DY HH[LWH ZLTC FHE COC FHDO T[E CO MH[UD GNH J[H
HOLCN OLWGO HSLLSU GI TJ[EGN COF G[HCNO UQQH RGO FJC [FE FHDOH KHDJ HL[DFQ GC[SH C H G F H D O H GKQO CHG
>FDOD VHSLTH [HDLJ HSLLSU GIH GKQO CYQS CHG
PLLJO RLD [QC CD[H [HTC RLLJO RLD ODC G[HZG ]J] RSJHL [F GL]OLQ C[D]TQ LLDC [QC
[LNGO H]KL RNOH@ CHG GYLJQ PHQ LJO [DT LLDC HI M[FD P]ZHOJQ PL[WQ L []HQ LQS
MNO LSHYLJG PFYQ COH PLSWOH PGQ ]H[L]Q ]HWHZI ]HYLJQ ON L[GH >ROGOFN HLOCQ FQHUG LJO
PE LN PLLJOG RLD OKOKO [L]Q RNOH ROGOFN [NLG PHQ LJO [DT CD[H PLLJOG RLD OHKOKG [THC
FQHUG LJO D H]HQN GNOG L[G LLDCN ZTW MNOH GI[ FL[H] LWU [NLG PGO L PHZQ H]HCD PLFQHUG P]HCO
HLOCQ
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RDQ[G L[DFNH DJ[D
[QHO L GYLJQ PHQ PC PE LN GID GI PLLHO] PL[DFG RLC PL[DHTH PLZOHJ PLSHC[ GQN POHCH
CZHF PLSWDQ [NLG ML[Y [WC [NLG PHQ PC PEH >G[HZD OLUO H[QC HQN@ P]HT RHYLJG FHJ
DUT J TH]D QNH LLDCN HLOCQ FQHUG LJOD HOLCH CD[N ZTW VL[D [CHDQ RNH FHUH C[ CDKL[ R[G LHFJ LWU
GUD[CQ ]HJW CHG J]WG PHZQ [WQ L[ [HULSH HSLQ ]C RLQ CYQ ]LOQ[NO JH]WF CG
]H[O HSQQ OHKOKG [HTCO GHQN DHJ PHZQ GUSH ]LOQ[NG PU HWH[LY LFL OU ZIJ]Q PLJWK
FLJLG
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[HTC PEG [G[O MHQTG GUD[C DJ[ J]WD OKOKO []HQ VL[G ]UF [LW RDQ[G ]UFD RN [WO JL[NG H LGZD
MHQTD COC H[IE CO OL [LW G[LIE PHQ PC MC GID [L]GOH GID [HTCO PHZQ RLC COG L[WN PCH ]LOQ[NO JH]WD
FDC[G ]LOQ[NO MHQTD OKOKO []HQ G[HZG ]J] PC CLIL ]D FDC[H PDQ[ ]ZHOJQ GID [WO D]N FHUH ]LOQ[NO
[HKW PHZQ PHQ Z[H LQLSWG HFHJO COC GYLJQ ][H] RLC GYLJQ PUKQ OLUHQG LJO ODC [NLG PHQ G[HZ LSWQ [L]Q
ZOJO C[DT RLC G[IE PHQ CHG [HTLCG PUK R]SHGL [G H[LWO ODC L[WO Z[ MLL GI L[GH C[G LWU CD[ [L]G
G[IE PHQ PUKG KZHS PGLSD [THC PDQ[G ]UF HI RN]LH G[HZO LJO RLD
DJ[ HOLWC [G[O JH]WD [L]Q VL[G L[DFN ZLTG PEH PDQ[GN CD[G ]UF PLSHC[G ]HKLQ PL[DFG ZIJO LH
GIH FDC[GN ZTW PEH VL[G L[DFQ GKS R[G MFLCQH OSN R]SHGL HSD[ O HQUKO PLFFY LSQ [DFG PLC]QH GUD[C
HSLQ ]C RLQ CYQ D L[N [WQ PEH [HTC CD[ GFHQ F HD LN KZS CDKL[G RNH L[ ]KLO PCH]
L[G GIH ]LOQ[NO JH]W HOLWC OKOKO []HQ G[HZG ]J] FDC[GN VL[G L[DF MH]Q UQQ C[G D]N GQQ GZ MC
DJ[D LJOG FESN OKOKO []HQ RDQ[G [HCDN H]KL PU [DFG DL]L FYLN NCH OSN L[W PUKO COC RDHQ HSLC
VL[G L[DF ]SDGD RDQ[GN [DHT HSLC C[G OLH GUD[C
PL[QHC UHQO L RCNQ RSD[H ED[ ]ZHOJQO HSCD FQ ]HJW ]HJW RLLJOD HWY[ LHDQ
PNJ ]HD PE UH ]HQHZQ GQNQH RCNQ KZT DZ] CEQD JLNHG RNH IK CD[ LWU OZGO Z[ COH [LQJGO FHDO
KS LDY
FL
L VF RLDH[LU
PLDLQ L FHUH EO ]HC P C[H IL GNHT TH]U [LQJGO FHDO PL[QHC RLC HD]N PLSHC[ GQN POHCH
PGLSQ OZLQG L[DFN GNOGH CJC D[H CSLD[ HD HZOJS@ UYQCD FHDOD COC ]CI H[QC CO P]KL
LWU [LQJGO FHDO PL[QHC ONG L[DFO FYG RQ ODC > FHDO PL[QHC RLC C[QHJ CLG RCN MNOG
GOHTW CG] MWS GQQ UYQCD COHZO FHDO O RHFLS CGL GNHT G]HCD PC ILWOH P OCS]S RD[Z
]H[JC PLSWD PLDLQ LH LCFH RLF CHG DH OZLQG L[DFN GNOG HZTWN G[HCNO GC[S PE UYH
EL GNHT DZUL ]HOGZ >D@ K LTDH LCY[ JHC [IS LSDC HY FHL GLJ WS RCN FHF FL U
PL[QHC RLCH GNOG CHG OHTW MNTD [HUL RLF [ZLU FHDO LU OHTW MNT VH[LY RHEND COC PLSHC[G H[QC CO FHU RN]L
P RHEN ]HCLYQD LHO]G [DFD ODC >CHG ]H]NOG L[] RLSU RLUNH@ OHTW [HUL RCN L DLJGO GI RLSUO [LQJGO FHDO
PH]TN ONG DJSH ]HDJ]Q RSLC EQ ]HJW ]HY[W GYLJQ P [ZLUD [QCS MN RWHC OND FHDO PL[QHC FNH GYLJQ
HQYU LJOG LW OU VC PLSWDQ GHH XHJDQ GC[SN LHGO OCLOQE RD RHUQ RD[OH DU
PHQ RHFLS [JCG HFYDQ []HL HC[D KOHD FJCG HFYD QQ LHDQ O]HN PE COG LHDQG O]HNN OHFE
FL[H] ROGOFN LJO
XHJDQ GC[S GUS LHDQ LSDO [NLGG [ZLU L[G LJO PHQ RHFLS XHJDQ GHH PLSWDQ GC[S
PLOKOKQ P]HC[D PHFJL CO PLD[G ]H[ LSD L[G LJO PHQ RHFLS [QC FJ PLSWDQ GHH
R]SHGL HSD[ LWU H]HC PLCH[ PLD[G ]H[O P]CYD LHDQG LSD PEH LHDQG MH]D
GC[S RLD [JCG H]YZQ [YZ]Q HC[D LDHUGQ ]YZQ H[LDJQ THSN FJC HFLY O]HN
COC LJOG [NLS RLC PLSWDQ L[GH RHYLJG HFYQ []HL MH[C LQLSWG HFY PLSWDQ GHH XHJDQ
LQLSWG HFYQ []HL KOHD LSHYLJG HFY XHJDQ GHH PLSWDQ GC[S RLDH GKLODG ][NLS XHJDQ
LHDQG O]HN MQGN GKLODG ]LC[S XHJDQ PLFQHUOH
L VF
GLOU PLNQHT CLUHC LD[H CLLJ LD[ ]LDD ]LSSG C]LL[D ONH GL]HHN CLLJ LD[ LS]F PHQ RLC
PLNQHT RLC G[HDJO GTSNS CO GSQ ON MN OU H[QC LQOH[LDH GLOU PLNQHT RLC ]LSS COH
PLSHC[D CDHQ GLOU
LQLSWG HFHJ OYN FU Q]QH LJO PHQ RHFLS ]HQC FQ ]HJW LHDQ O HSWHF PU MHQG LJO
RLC LWO LQLSWG HFHJ FU COC Q]Q HSLC MN PHQ CQ [QC] PCH [HTC RLLJO RLD GSLQ UQ
HSUFL COLQQH []GG PH]TO HO GLG LQLSWG HFHJ FU H[QCD HSULQQ GQ NC [QHO L "HFESN O]HN
PLO]NG GYZ FU OKOKO []HQ
LJOD L[G H[L]GO [JC LJO ML[Y ]HQC F H[QC L[G MHQG LJOG FESN O]HN LN [DHFQ LCFH HY[] R[DH CD[D
CLHZD [CS JH]DH OSN OYH [JC LJO ML[Y [QCS CO HSLSWO GT[LED MC HFESN O]HN L JNHQH []HQ WNU [JC
OONH OON LHDQ CSL[JC COHZ HGD OLZC COHZ FJ HGD ]OLZCF ]HC[LD LTW CTLE MFLCO LQS LC
HK