CN N PLWF
"H[]HG CO LQOH RNLGH ]HC[LD LTW H[]HG LQO C GO
"]HY[C [CDH ODDD PLEGHS PCG PGQ [LUG PHJ] FHFQO GQU PL[DU]QG [LUO XHJQ PLSE[HD D
RHEN PGD CYHLN ONO RNH FDOD PLOE[ LOHUO COC ]HC[LD LTW H[]HG CO LQC CFC [D ZJYL LD[ [QC C
D[ [QC MNO L[LCQH L[UH CDKL[ PLD[G ]HYQ M[HY ONOH G[H] FHQOO PLNOHGG PLFLQO]O
]HDLL P ]HLHYQ RLC LSWQ ODDD FDOQ OHJD ]HC[LD LTW RLC D[ [QC CDC [D GLQ[L
COH P PLUWHQ PLQG LSWQ ]HC[LD LTW H[]HG CO ]HDLL P ]HLHYQ ODDD VC ]JC RHO LWO
PLQD ZHJFG PHZQD COC H[]HG
PFC ODC >PLOE[ LOHU ]QGD [QHON@ FDOD GQGD LDEO COC ]HC[LD LTW H[]HG CO HS C]LL[DD
H[]HG LWUCH []HQ PFCO HOLWC TWKO HO [WC LC PLDJ[ HLG PCH F[HLH TWKQ GOHUH TWKQ
OCHQ L[DFH@ PFC ]LL]O PLLHC[ PG PLLJ PLQ [CDO COC H[]HG CO OCHQ [QC ]HQGD OLDD
>ENDN ROGOFN PLCS] ]ZHOJQD PLLHS
PFC M[HYO PE ]HCOQO []HQ DH PLTWG H[]HGH GQGD GSL [CN [WO HFFY TH]G C
M[HYO OHKOK [C []HQ RNH >GQGD RLCN VC PFCO GOLJ]NOQ RLZ]GO []HQ PLDJ[DH@
]HCOQO [HTC PFCO [QCSH RN [WS CO PC PEH GQGDG M[HYO PLTW GU [CN PFCG
PFCO []HQ [HL H]HC [LL]SH GQGDO GOF PC QQ POHUO
OHJD COH ODDD CO ]HC[LD LTW []G RLC GSH[JC RHON PLKZHS WH C[G D
KW MC GI RLF CLDG CO UHG PE RD[HJG [JCO OON PLLZ GI RLF RLC UQQ R]SHGL HSD[Q
HZOJS LQOH[LD RNH []HQ G[H] FHQOO PLNOHG L PHZQD COC RN UQQ CO IHCG L[DF
GQO ZJ ]HGEGD U ]HC[LD LTW []G L GIG RQID PCG ]HUFG
]HOFO []HG R[GH CD[G HD]N GHYQ LJHO PLLHYQ PHZQD HC PLOE[ LOHU HLG RQIDH
PLOE[ LOHU M[HYO G]LG GSZ]G [ZLU COC PLOE[ LOHU ]QGD P RLC PC VC GQGD ONO
LW OU VC PLTW LFL OU ]HCOQO []HQH ]LOQ[N HGL[G FLJLG ]H[ LCS] HO RLC [HD E
GHYQ LJHOO Z[ COH PFCO VC []HQ GID UQQ G[HCNOH KY ]D TH] LWU PLLJ PLQ [CD HSLC
OHJD VC ][JC RHO LWOH ]HSHWK P PLLHYQ LSWQ ODDD PLE[HD RLC D[ [QC GLQ[L D[ [QC D
PL]D ]HLGO PLDHJ PSLC MNOG PLDSE P PLLHYQ PHQ RLSE[HD []G RLC
PLDSE HD PLLHYQ PC PHZQH PHZQ OND [DFG GS]QH GSH[JC RHON HKZS C[GH VL[G
EOZT JY DSQ LWU HCO PC
LWUC [LUG PU PL[DU]Q PL]DG RQ ]HYLJQ RGD H[CS ]HDL[J PL[U L[WO CLEHTD [CHDQ@
>PL[HLF RGD RLC
DN VF
"HD OHKOKG [L]GO ]HC[LD LTW D HSZ]O [WC LOQLTZQG JKG HGQ C HO
GLHUG G[HZQ G[LFD GI RHEND RLFG GQH "PL]CT ]LDQ []HL CHGH ]HYLJQ VZHQG GOHEQ PHZQ O HSLF GQ D
"GO GYHJQ GOHEQG JKG OLDD
DTZ
RLDH[LU ]NTQ PHNLTO ]HDH]H ]HOC
PLTWD GD[L FDODH VZHQG JKG OLFEGOH GY[L GQN RLFQHLFG ZLJ[GO OHNL HS]SQD PLQNJ L[DFO C
]LD FU [QHC GFHGL LD[ JLIL OLUOFN PLQNJ H[QC [HULGQ []HL TWO TW RLD JHL[ GLGL CO
PL]CT ]LD OU PL]CT ]LD [HD [QHC C]LL[DD [IUOC RD RHUQ LD[ PLTW COC ]HYLJQ RSLC LSWQ PL]CT
]LD [LW FDC[GH [H L[ PLL[LH GQC PLUDQ []HL OHFE HO FJC FY VC CGL CO [QHON []HQ
O FJC FY HOLWC [N GFHGL LD[O ODC@ G[W O GDH[H GC[ LFN COC PLTWG ZLJ[L COH PLCT UD[C
>PL]CT ]LD OU []L HSLC HOOJ ON GI [HULQ OHFE [HDG
CD[ O H[HUL RLUN FDOD [HDG OOJD [QCS PL]CT ]LD [HUL PCG GFHGL LD[ ]UFD C[QED HZW]TS
R]HS PFC LSWQ [HDG ]HDLDT VZLGG ]C PE OOHN H[HUL CQ HC H[HDD HLSLU R]HS PFC LSWQ
COH C[QEG RHOQH@ PL]CT ]LDQ []HL VW[ZD GI JK VLOJGO CHDL CQ PL[IHE MNOG ]HYLJQD HLSLU
>FL[H]H CD[G LFLQO]Q QNH ]QC ]W RHC[G FYG LWN GNOG GC[S CLG
PLTWG ]C ZLJ[GO OHNL RLC RHC[G FYG LWO PE CLEHTGQ JLNHGO CD[GH TH]G HD]N C
VC OSH@ []HL COH [HDG OOJ O PL]CT ]LDQ XHJ G[W O GDH[H GC[ LFN COC [HDGQ
FHUH PL]CT ]LDO ULEL LFN HO PLS]HS RLCH [H[ LFN COC HL]HDLDT HO RLC PL]CT ]LDQ KUQ ]HJW [HDD
>HLOC OWKH [HDG M[HY CHG [H[ COC HO RLC PL]CT ]LDQ []HLO ULEQ ON ]HQC L]
[HDG O PL]CT ]LD FDOQ PLTWO PL]CT ]LD R]LO OHNL PL[QHC LH
R[G ZW]TS RNH
OOJ JKD PLDJ]Q RLC GFHGL LD[O C[QEG ]SZTQO ILWOH [HD COD RLTW T[E FL[G D
[C ]UF RN RLC ODC GSQG H[LWD PDQ[G RHO G[HQ RNH DLDTQ JKD COC [HDG
PLSHC[G
L H S W PL]CT ]LDQ []HL P L HOLWC ]HC[LD LTW H[L]G PLQNJ L[DFO G[HQ GSQG KW E
L[LCQ U G[LLD PLODJ VZLG RLFN PL[THC LH CDKL[ L[
QL PD CDKL[ LWU
[GTH [LF RHEN ]HYLJQ VZHQH G[LFO HLQ] [LHC ON [IUOC RD RHUQ LD[ [QC OON D
LSD HD OKOKO []HQ FCQ OHFE HJK HOLWC [YJH PL]DG L[HJC GDJ[ GYZHQ [LUG ]HQGDO
[LFD [F GUH[G KL L[UH NLZ CHIJ U P PLSLH PLONHC RLC LWUC ]HQGDD OWKO P PLLHYQ PFC
FHUH PDQ[G LWU JS T[ OGCDD ]HNL[CD U G[LF OOND NE ]HQGD ][LF PLFFYQ LH L[LCQH R]SHGL HSD[ PE UH
HJ[N OU COC GNH]O GLHU GSLCH GO GYHJ [LHCG ][LQO GLHU [LHCO GLQ] G[LF ONH
[HTC PL]CT ]LDQ []HL []HQ PL]CT ]LD ]HFD PLSE[HD RHEN HK L[U P [F CHG
COH [HFE PHZQ Z[ [LNIG CIK PDQ[G POHCH GI OOND G[HZQ G[LF PE UQQ L[Q C
PC K[WD G[LF ]LDN HSLF RTJQN QQG ]LDD GFHQ L[ PE RN]LH LH[LZ [LNIG
[HTC G[HZQG PHZQO DDHTG JKG G[HCNOH CDT GNOG [HCD LWU ]LDG LN[YO PE HD PLQ]Q
ZOHJ IL GKW LC RHIJDH OLH G[HZQ GLG RNQG PEG PL]CT ]LD RLF HFQO HSQQ JLNHL RNQG [YJH
G[LFN HSLC H]LDO MHQT HSLCH ]HULDZD P PLSO RLC ON [DHTH
DJS OL PNH] ][LQO P][KQ PC@ GSJQO XHJQ ]LDJ[Q G[LQO P][KQ CDY ]HSJQ RLFD RLLUO L D
[HFE JK
>GOLOD FZQG L[QH OOED G[LFO ]HWZHQ ]HDJS FZQG ]H[IU EN TH]G NHQNH G[LFO VZHQN
R]HC OLDD PE GUS VZLGG NC PLSH G[LF LN[YO PLFJHLQ PL]D PGD LH PLUHDZ PG PC GC[S G[HCNOH
G[LF LN[YO FJHLQ ]LD P RLCH G[LQO R[ZLU ON RLSE[HDO GQHF HSLCH ]H[LF
ETZ
]UF VTHL
"PLD[G ]H[N HC FLJLG ]H[N PLSHFLS ROGOF ]HQHZQG PCG IO
HD PLUZHD PLD[GH ]HYLJQD [HFEG JK C
PLH ZQU ZHY RHEN ]HLUDK ]HYLJQD VZHQG DJ[ JK D
]HF[HQH ]HOUQ HQLOH GNLOGO JHS HSLC JK E
PLFFYO GSZOTL GFHGL LD[ L[DFO H]ZTWQ PLD[G M[FH ]HC[LD LTW RHEN PLFFY GUD[CQ [HFEG JK C
O RJHN OHFE ML[Y RLC PL[QHC PLQNJH >]HCOQ ]HYLJQ RCN RLCH OLCHG HQUK C[QED H[LWH@
PLQNJN N [IUOC LD[H GFHGL LD[N KZS RSJHL LD[ R]HC PLOKDQ PLD[G RLC ]HYLJQ
HSCD GOLOD ]HOUSSG ]H]OF P RLC PC PLOH[LN PLJ]W PU ]HQHJ VZHQG PHZQ PE CLEHTD UQQ
]H]OFG HLG HCO PC PLD[G ]H[N HSLFH ]HYLJQG PLOKDQ PLD[G PCG PLQNJH GFHGL LD[ ]ZHOJQO
CLG FLJLG ]H[ ONG L[DFO GOLOD ]HOHUS
HLOC PLOHU HOLWCH JHS HLQ] RLC PHZQD HOLWC RN RLFG GYLJQ PLOKDQ PLD[G GFHGL LD[ L[DFO
PLD[G >]HJH[ UD[CQ GYH[WG@ [YJD RLFG RNH FJC FJC P PL[DHU RH[Q ]LD ]HOUQ RHEN HC ODJD
PLOKDQ PLD[G ]H[UQH RLJL ]H[HDO PLOHWQG ]HCHDQ HC [JC J]WD PLCYHLH GI J]WD GO PLTSNS
O GCT OHKLO OHNL FDUG RLC GWHZI GLLOU @ OHEOLE ]LD LOLD RHEN ]HQHZQ POHCH ]HYLJQG ]C
OON HLQ] JHS HSLC GIN PHZQ CLG FLJLG ]H[ OC[L X[CD >KHLF[T LSWO XH[OH PLKJ
PLOKDQ PLD[G RLC MNOG PLD[O UHGL G[TQ COH HSLF MN F MH]Q L KZO]QG O] ON GC[S [H R[DH TH]
CD[ HL]HYLJQ
RLDQ M[FG ZOTO ML[Y RLC PLQNJN UH[I [HCH EOIL ]D PDQ[G HZTW ]HC[LD LTW RLSUO C
PLOH[L RSJHL LD[N GNOG L[G GFHGL LD[N ZHTWO HLDC PD CLDG GQOG OUDH PLTWG
]HYLJQ PLOKDQ PLD[G L[G PLD[G ]H[ PHQ GLOU DLLJ ]HOUSS GL]H]OF COQOC
OND GOLUS YCH@ OHKOKG [L]GO ]H]OF ]OLUS ML[Y RSJHL LD[N GNOG PLSHCEG HKZS RNH
C[GH VL[G ]UF RNH >CD[G FLQO] PLFFY GOD G[HQE GYLJQD LF COC PLFFYG
JZT DSQ U [ZLUO RN KZS DFT MH[U RJOD UQQ RNH CDKL[GH R[G CD[G
]HYLJQ PLOKDQ PLD[G RLC RL]LS]QF PLQNJNH ]H]OF ]OLUS ML[Y RLC PLZTHW LH
OLUO R[H CD[U [ ]UF RN RLCH LIL ]D QQ U PDQ[G ]UFD CL RNH KNZ IHC [IUOC LD[NH
][HYD LF COC G[H] RLFQ OON ML[Y RLC ]H]OF ]FQUG HOLWC CLH HKDU[ ISDC UUH H
H OLUO CDHQDH IZ QHJ [IS LSDC ]HD GID PLZTHWG ]HKLD UUH DFT OGCD U FDOD J]WG
RHEN@ ]HQC IK DJ[ HSLC GULZDG PHZQ PC HOLWC CLEHTG ]HUQQ LW OU CDKL[G D]N D
TH]D NNH GFHGL LD[O ]HYLJQG PLOKDQ PLD[G >LOH GQC EL PGLSLD L ]HC[LD LTW
X[W HSD[
HSLLGF ]UZHD PLD[G ]H[ PC COC ]HYLJQ PLOKDQ PLD[G RLC R[G FNH D]N CD[GH
PLOHWQG ]HCHDQN HSLF LNG HCOD ODC GI FESN GI PLSHHNQ PLJ]WG HLG PEH GQC IK GDJ[
JNHQ GD[ ELH CD[Q [HQCN POHC H OLUOFN G[HZH LJOH J]WG ][HYD PL[]LSH PLD[G ]H[O
FDC[G JLNHG HQNH ]HYLJQG PLOKDQ PLD[G RH[Q RLD ]HOUQ RHEN [Y PHZQD HOLWC [DHT
CD[D CDHQ
][JC M[F PGO L RHEN PLZ[WO GULZD RLDH CLKOWH CLK[TN GUHDZ GULZD RLD PLZOJQ LH
FHUH P DH]N D FDC[G LWU P M[F PL[YZQ PL]UOH
FTZ
RLDH[LU ]NTQ PHNLTO ]HDH]H ]HOC
]HYLJQG ON []HLD OHFE GLG HOLWC COC VZHQG JKO [HUL RLC PLQNJO UQQ TH]D E
COC ]HOLUHQ ]HYLJQG RLC PL[QHC LH ]HYLJQG PLOKDQ PLD[G RLC PFC LFLD HUS
R[H CDKL[U PLSWD FQHUG PFCO ]H[NLS RG [HULD
PLD[G ]H[ LFY LSQ PL]D LS RHEN P ][DHU PLD[G ]H[H PLOLDZQ PLFFY LSQ [HFEG JK
]HYLJQ L] [DHT UYQCD OKOKQH G[HZH G[HZ HC RCNQ LJOH RCNQ LJO GHU [QHC GFHGL LD[
PLD[UQ RLC PL[QHC PLQNJH TH]U GYLJQ PHQ PLOLUHQ G[HZ HC LJO ODC O HOLWC HC C]L[HCF
CDKL[H CD[ CHG C]L[HCFQH MND PLD[G ]H[
GFHGL LD[O HOLWC PLFFYG ]UD[C ONQ [QHON D[UH L] PLUZHD PLD[G PC PL[QHC L C
GI[G LWU ]HYLJQG ]C PLD[G PLOKDQ
Z[H FLJLG ]H[ CHG PLFQHUG LS FESN L[G XH[WG OU GDH[Q FQHUG ON PL[QHC LH
]H[ FY ONQ ]OHWQH UYQCD CLKOW L RHEN ]HJH[ L]Q HOLWC [HFE HSLC PHZQG
CD[H RDQ[ LWU CLG PLD[G
PL HD L HC GQC IK DJ[ PHZQG PC ]H[HQE ]HYLJQ L] L HOLWC PL[QHC LH
CDKL[ CLG PLD[G ]H[ GFHGL LD[ GFHQ CHD[
D]N RDQ[GH C]L[HCF ]HYLJQ L] GFHGL LD[N C[QHJO HJO L GC[S GI[G L[DFQ D
COHZO VC PLQNJN GNOG
[HY O GQOHTD ]WZHQG OC[L X[C RHEN PFC LFLD CO ]HYLJQ VZHQG OHFE PHZQ C[QED [CHDQ D
L[GH MND FLJLG ]H[N PLUS PSLC OZFLJDH ][WD ]WZHQG ODD HC RCNQ [FE O GLF[HQH RCNQ
THSLZHCD VZHQ HOHN POHUG
]HOLUHQ IC ]HYLJQ MH]D HQYU GCH[ PC LHO] [DFG [HUL CDKL[G L[DFQ UQQ
RLC GC[S R[G L[DFQH ]HOLUHQ RSLC ]HYLJQ MH]D HQYU GCH[ HSLC ONH ]HYLJQG
PHZQ GILCD LFND CHG [HULG ROHND PFC LFLD ]HYLJQO PLQ LFLD ]HYLJQ RLD ZHOLJ
CDKL[G ]UFD PE RN OLH G[H]GQ HO ]HNL[YG ]HYLJQG GCH[ CGL VZG H]HCD FHQUL
FLJLG ]H[ POHUO COC [HUL HO RLC PFC LFLD VZHQ CHG ON FFY CD[G FLQO]H
PLQ LFLD GYLJQO PFC LFLD GYLJQ RLD HZOLJ CQOLF GF TH]G L[DF [HCDD RN GC[S G[HCNOH CHG
RHEN LOKDQH PLD[ H]C CO PLQ LFLD GYLJQD HOLWC CLEHTD [CHDQ COG RKZ ODC OHFE JKD Z[ P]SHHNH
OHEOLE ]LD LOLDDH KZO]QG O]D
JQZT GQ DSQ UH FHQO] ML[Y [DFG CD[ UUH
]HF[HQH ]HOUQD HL[DF H[WH PLD[G ]H[ PHQ GLOU PLDLLJ RLC OC[L X[C RSJHL LD[ PD H[QC E
LGL[G OHJD ODC PLD[O UHGL R[TQ CO LSWQ LCD CZHFH [DFQ LOEFO PLQHF PSLC LSWQH GD
PLD[G ]H[
PSLC PC ODC P PLUZHD PLD[GN [DHFQ CQOLF GF]D QNH CD[D CDHQ FDC[G [W
UD[C MH]D G[U GDHEO PLKZO]QH OLCHG PLD[G ]H[N PG L[G OHJD HOLWC PLUZHD
]OKDQ PLD[G ]ULZD RLC FLJLG ]H[ LGL[G PLUZHD HOLWC PLQNJOH ]HQC
PCH PLD[G ]H[ LGL[G P PLNOGQ PLD[G PC UD[C MH]Q G[U KZOO P RLC PCH
HH ]H[GK PDQ[O QGLW H ]D U ]LOQ[N HI L[G RGD MOHG PUG RHQG RLC
GTZ