VK LON CQKQ DI O HSHLOU D]N EH FDC[GH GH DHQH DNQ LCQKQ OG PDQ[ LWU
HLOU DI O HSHLOU FHUD Z[ HL[DF [LW LQ L ]HNH[U ]H[QEQ QTND MN OU GQ]H UEQD
ENHK U[HYQ [W GQNJ MQ LWU PFCG RLFNH [LW [JCO COH
HH DHQH DNQ LCQKQ OG PDQ[U PLONH PFC PLCQKQH GCQHKG DC PLUS DHQH DNQ
PFC CQKQ DN[QG HOLCH CHS HC UEHS GUD HLOU PLFED CQKO PFC CQKQ DHQG
EC PLON UH D PLDI [W U[HYQ NH] HCHSG O COC HD UEHSG PFCG OU PLFEDG ]C CO ODC
EEN
CQKO GOZ GCQHK CQK [QC P] HSD[ DHQH DNQO FJHLQ HSLCH HLOU CLS DIG LON D
]HWTH]D UH L[QEO [HGK HKZS CDKL[GH HH QHQ PDQ[GH TH]G HOLCH PLZQH PLONHC
MQ UUH DIG ]C PLCHSG PLON RLSUD L[ ]KL [H[DD P IUHD OC[L ][CW]DH DC PLON CZU[
FNHK U[HYQ [W GQNJ
JN IN PLWF
"GUODGD PL[JC PL[DF ]JLZO RLF GQH [UQ VTND PLJZLS PL[DF HOC IQ
MOC] [C ONDH [NDH RLLDH RCYDH [ZDD MWS GHC] [C OND VTNG G]]SH
PLSY[JQ PLCDG PLDSUH PGL]HQCQ PLFOHSG GH OEU RHEN L[WQ L[W HSLLG P ] O N C H M W S
L[U FNH PLLJ LOUD ]H[HU ]JLZO CLYHGO PFCO ONCSG [DFH JOQH PLQ CLYHGO
RNH PLONCSH L[WQ L[W PG L[G [UQ VTNQ PLJZLS PLEF LFE RD GFHGL LD[H [IULOC LD[ L[DFO
PSQQ ]YZ COC PLEF LD[Z HD RLC [LY PLJZHO PCG HZOJS COC PLEF LD[Z HD L [LYO RLFG
[LY JOQH PLQ KULQH [DF ON GDL[ GDL[H KULQH GDL[ G]]SH
RHEN OOND PLOHFLE LOHFLE VCH@ UZ[Z LOHFLE COC [UQ VTND PLJZHO RLC ]H]LL[DD PLCS] ]UFO
RLUN OONH K[WH OON X[CD COH PLQD PLOFEG PLEF CLYHGO >GI UQ PDQ[ DFH PLYLD DOJ
UZ[Z LOHFLEH L[WQ L[W PLFFY LSQ K[WG
[DHT X[CG ]HFOH PSLCH ZZ[G RQ HC[DS ]HWHU CLYHGO X[CG ]HFOH FOH PE ML[YQG CS] LH
]HFOH FOHH UZ[Z LOHFLEH L[WQ L[W PLFFY GOQ K[WG RLUN CGL ML[Y MNLWO [ZLU CQZ COON
X[CG
RLOHJO ]HUQG HCYL FLI UQ PDQ[G D]NH [UQG GSZ CO JOQH PLQ JZOH [DU C
PLQFG FESN JZHOG ONCL [NHQG HO MOG PCH PQHZQO PLQF H[IJL [DHTH ZOHJ FDC[GH
HOLCH THZ[HZ L[GQ KZS RNH [UQ VTNQ PLJZLS HKZS U[IO GF TH]G ]HL[KWH RLGQN D
RLC LWO PLJZLS PSLC HD]N ON VC GFD CDKL[GH HOZ GU EQTGH FI LS [UQ PDQ[G
LOHFLE HGO ]LOF JDL[H C[O RLFG CHG NCH CDKL[ L[WQ L[W PSLC HC PDQ[ X[CGQ PGLOHFLE
IKZT HW C[EGD U JC PLSGN ][H]D H[QC RNH UZ[Z
L[W HLGL ML[Y MNOG FHUH CUT O GFS TH]U PLK[WH PLOON D PL[HFG PLCS]G ]UFN GNOG E
MNOG CZHF C[]D COON PLKZHSH EI UQ PDQ[U PLEF CLYHGO UZ[Z LOHFLEH L[WQ
L[DF MH]Q GC[S RN [UQ VTND PLJZLS ]HWHU MNOG PLFFY LSD PLH PLK[WG HLGL LF
TH]D FJC XH[L] LWO [LUGO LH OCHQ RD OCSSJ HSD[ NNH DLI P PDQ[D G[HCNO QNH CDKL[G
CZHF CQZ COON ]HKZHS TD ]HLEHT GQN
JUZ
RLDH[LU ]NTQ PHNLTO ]HDH]H ]HOC
P]JLZOD RLOHJO PLCYHLH PGQU ONHCG PU GUODGD P]HC PLJZHO PLONCS PSLC PL[DF PE
RN [F ED ED RD XLQJGQ FQ] RNH HSZSZ DE OU RLL G]ILE EU RCY H[HU DE OU [ZD DHJ UH
TH]H L[U RCYDH [ZDD DH]NG [H]LQ
RQG HOLWC UQQ RQ PNH]O R]S JOQH PLQD HZOJS CSLSJ [D LTHL LD[H [IUOC LD[ CLEHTD UQQ
PLJZHO GS ZJYL LD[H GUODGD JOQGH PLQG JZOH CW UYH KHULQ
RNH CDKL[ LWU GUODGD JOQH PLQ PLJZHO PLK[WH PLOON [HFG CS]G LWO PE [D]TQ C
JOQH PLQ JZLO LC[ PLFHQ ONG [WO FFYQ ]QC ]W [WTD LI UQ PDQ[G ZTW
DH[LU RLSUO COC PLQNJG HZOJS COH PNH]O R]S RQ PU
[D]TQ D]N CDKL[GH GLLJD GQGDG JZHO PC Z[ GUODGD PLJZLS ]HILEH [HU PL[QHC L D
JZLO P]LD M[HYO RN ]HUO PC LSD M[F RN JHL[D JZLO DH]N [L]G G]]LQ [JCO HOLWC
GHG GF TH]G L[DFQ UHQO GC[S RNH GWL RLUD
]QC ]W U G]ILE EU RCY RLF KLQG PDQ[G
ODC [E] HSLC LQQH ]HQH]T [NQLGO RN[F PHZQD CZHF GUODGD PL[NQSG PLSZSZ
RLOHJO RZSZG CYL CO H][LNQD ZFZFQ [E]G RQ JZO HC ]HJH]W [NQLGO PN[F PHZQD
EDJ UQ PDQ[ LWU
JOQGH PLQGH MNH MND HFDO RQG MOYCQ GSHZ LSL[G [QHC HI GOUDG [WQ OCSSJ HSD[ E
UQ [HCG RH[]L LWU []HQ NLWUCH PGLS FUD PG PLQFG D]N PLSH[JCGQ LH PSJD
Z[H HDHJ HD UH[WO HC H[NQO OHNL RLCH RZSZG OU PE HOOJ]S ]HUQG HD]N L RNCH CE
PL[HCDH PLHFJ UH DLE LS [UQ T[ LWU RLOHJO RSZSZG CYL RLLG G] [JCO
L[
JN VF
]HEHOEOJ PLUHWUW "[UQ VTND P]JLZOH GN[D RLONHC ]CQHK DH[LU RLSUO ROGOF PLJQYG RLF GQ C JQ
RLF[]H OHW OZFG [HZ ]HN ]HLSWN ILIJ ]HLSFEFHEH
"]HSHG ]HNOGG RLSUO PLOHUG PL[DFG LOON PGQ D
KUZ
GOLNCO PLLHC[G ]HZ[LH PLDU LSLQ PG ]HLSFEFHEDH ]HEHOEOJD PLUHWUWD PLD[UQ D[ PD H[QC C
PSLC HZHG CO HOC VCH PFCO ]HLHC[ RSLC HZHG HOC LN D[ [DLF ]HLSFEFHEG OND CO H[QCH
LNHJ HOLWC PHZQ ONQH ]HWL RG LFQ O ]HLSFEFHE FDOQ U[IG ]C PLKUQQ PLSD LNHJO PLLHC[
HS]SQQ CQLC ]LUDLC D HJLNHG RN PLSD LDH[QO ]HLHC[G ]HLSFEFHED D[UO PLOHNL PLSD
LWU FDULFD VCH HD PLD[UQ RLC GOLNCO PLU[H T[C PGD LH OLCHG ][I HOFE CO PLOYD LOU@
>L[DH KN ROGO C[QE
]QNJ LWU ZJFG LFL OU COC PFCG PONCL COH PLOQEG PLONHC DU RLQ RG ]HLSFEFHEG C
GFHUTO PGLOU MQHT PFC PLQUW CDKL[U U GQO
PLLHC[ RLCH OLCHG ]HLSFEFHED D[UO [HTC PLSD LNHJ C[QED PL[JCG PLYH[L]G LWOH RN]L D
CDKL[ PQYU FYQ PGO
VTNQ PLJZLSH PLONHC ]CQHK PLCQKQ ONHC H L[W [FED PG RHLN GC[S HOC ]HZ[L E
RLSUO POHCH HD GH RLONHC ]CQHK RLFH DH[LU RLF GOLNCO RZH]QG [DF KN C[QEG ]HUQQNH [UQ
CF[ JHC U ONG P]N[D L[WO MN ON PLDHJ PSLCH [D PLOFE PG [CN GN[D
]UF VTHL
PLONHC ONG ]HSLED OFEG H]HCD COC RGD D[UO RLC HZLTG Z[L CHGN GCHD] O ]J ILIJ
CFTJ D[ ][DTN COH HD[ ]LDD FQO ZHSL] H]HCN ONG H]N[D GN[D RLSUO RNH L[ P]HC
]HQHZQG DH[ [JC PLNOHG ODDD ILIJG ]C PLONHC LW OU VCH GQFCG H]N[D ]HSLE O FDOQ
GLG CO C[QED RHFLSGH HD PLD[UQ H]HC PLONHC PHZQ H]HCD [WO FFY ]QC ]WD C
RN UQQ RLC TH]DH GI RHEND PLFLJLD HOLWC RLFG CHG [WCH ]HQHZQG [C LWON COC
GOKD GSHQ EGSQ CHG RHLN ILIJD PLD[UQ RLC ODDD HOLWC CDKL[G L[DFD [HWQ RNH
P]UF
CHGGN@ CLG GNOGG ]SZTQ PLSHC[ [CH MH[UGH TH]GN CO [LW PLLJ ][H] [WTD D
]UF OU H]HC PLUKHS LW OU VCH ONG H]N[D ]HSLE O ILIJG HOLWC >D[N COFH CZHSL
H]OLNC
COC ONHC H L[W ILIJG RLC [UQ VTND GJLZOH RLONHC ]CQHK RLSUO RLFG RN [D]TQ E
GSLE O ODC [UQQ [HKW G[HU O Z[LG MHQTD H[QC [UQ RLSUO RNH ]HSLE O GI
DLLJ [D]TQ
RG LWN DHKD ONCGO ]HLHC[ RSLC RGD PLD[UQ RLC PN[Y ON HOHD CO ]HU[ PL[Q] ]HLSWN
TH] OZD [HCG LFL OU RZ]QO LHC[ LSWQ PLONHC ]CQHK ]HCQKQH [UQ VTND ]HJZLS ODC G]U
H[QES CO LSWQ HCO PC [UQD ]HDLLJ PCG GFHGL LD[H PLQNJ HZOJSH CD[ MNO ]HFQHUH
L[DFO GOLNCO R]HC PLKZHOH POHUO PL[Q] ]HUS RSLC PL[NI PLOZF O ]HLSWN C[QED [CHDQH
UQQ GOLJ]D X[]O HY[ GQ LWOH >POHUO HOD]L CO GSC] LEWD RLFG RNH@ [UQD ]HDLLJ ONG
RGD PLD[UQ ]HLSWN R]HC
]HONCS RSLC LSWQ HOC ]HLSWND PLD[UQ [QHO RLC C[QEG ]SZTQ LWO D]N CDKL[G C
RHZL] COD RG ]HQN
FDC[ ONO GOLNCO PLLHC[ PG G]U L[G RGD PLD[UQ LCFH [HCG LFL OU RZ]Q ]HLSWNH
CD[D CDHQ
PLOLE[ RLC LSWQ [DFG PUKH [UQ VTND ]HJZLS RSLC ]HLSWNG ]HSL ]HCJTHS ]YZQ LWO D
CDKL[D CDHQ RLL[W [QES CO PEH RG ]HQN RONCO
PLN[DQ D]N PLLJ ][H] [WTDH CDKL[ GQFCG L[W C[HD RGLOU PLN[DQ RLC ]HLSWNG E
CDKL[G PE LOHCH@ PGL[DF ONO L[WN RG L[G GFHGL LD[ [QC L[G XUG L[W C[HD RGLOU
IS ]HN[D CJD C[GQ L[DF FLQUGO L MNH RZ]LQ COH RG ]HQN RONHCN COC [DLF COH MNO GFHQ
]H[LWD ]HKL PLSLF LZHOLJ DD[ JHCD UH >RGQ GSGS VHEG RLC LWO RGLOU PLN[DQ RLC ]HLSWNH PLEW
ZJFG LFL OU ONCGO PLLHC[H H[QES CO
L[W C[HD HLOU PLN[DQ >C[LI LD[ ][DTN CO@ HZLTGH ]HND PLD[UQ D[ [QC GFHGL D[ L[DFO
HLOC OWKS JQYG LFL OU GQFCGQ ZSHL LSWQ GQFCG
GF IN TH]G ][DTNH HD PLD[UQ PN PLONHC ]CQHK CQKQH [UQ VTND JZLS [D]TQH C
[UQ VTND JZLS LCFH HD PLD[UQ ON RCQ
RLQ CHG LSWQ P[ND PLCON HSLC ]HNG RHW[K LD[ O HQUK [LW KOZ ]DD L[O D
HSLC HQUK [LWH MN OU GQ] P XDUL[H XUG L[W C[HD HLOU PLN[DQ K[OH RN]L ROLC
WZ
RLDH[LU ]NTQ PHNLTO ]HDH]H ]HOC
[LG [WTD UH
ONG H]N[D MNOG X[CD [H HO RLCH [JCQ GQFC L[W COH ROLC CO
ONCQ HSLC LSWQ K[ O HQUKH RN]L KLZ]
HSLCH ]HZGO HWHTH [JCQ ONHC HSLC PLONHC ]CQHK CQKQ HSLC ODC [UQ VTND JZLS OZFG [HZ
[UQ VTND JZLS L[WQ L[W CHGH H]HC PLONHC LH GOLNCO G]U CHG LHC[ RHLN QQH GOLNCO FUHLQ
GOLNCO HSEK HC HZO PCH MWS MOCL [C ONH Q GD[]S CD[G D]NH W CHIJH P[GQ U TH] LWU
>GFHGL LD[H PLQNJ ]ZHOJQD ]CI ]HO]O GY[ LLDCH@ RLONHC ]CQHK CQKQ CD[ ZLTG
H]N[D H]UFO CD[ [LWH [UQ VTND JZLS COC HL[DF ONO XUN CHG L[G [HZG GFHGL LD[ L[DFO
J[ ODC CD[H L[WN GFHGL D[ L[DFN GQFCG L[W C[HD H]N[D PLQNJO ODC OCHQ L[DFN ONG
PLUKHS RLC ONG HLOU M[DO OCHQN GNOG HZLTGH GFHGL D[N GFHGL LD[H OCHQN PLQNJ MWGO [LW
H]OLNC ]UF OU H]HC
HZO HOLWC [D]TQH ONHC RLQ HSLC LSWQ [HKW GC[S [UQH GQH[] DHLJ RLSUO
>GN[D RLSUO COC Z] ZOJS COH HL[DF ONO XUN HDLJG GFHGL LD[ L[GH@ RN RLFG HSEKH
PLC[HQCH PLCS] LTHJL [WTD UQQ RNH
ZLLFO L RNH [UQ VTND JZLS PN HD PLD[UQ RHZL] [THJQ HSLC PC GC[S G[HCNO DH[LU RLSUOH
F ZGHDUD CD[G L[DFQ ]YZ
PLDL CO ODC CD[ POHLD [JCO CLG P]OLNC ]HDLJ M[F LWUC PLJO PLLJ RLOHWD PLD[UQ
PONHCO PLZLIQH PLZ PG L[G GYJQO PLOHDQ ODC PLLJ PLF[]D PLD[UQ
ML[Y DH[LU RLSUO Z[H PLJON PSLF PLDLG PE [UQ VTNQ GJLZH RLONHC ]CQHK RLSUO
RCQ GF IN TH] LWU G]U OUHWD GOLNCO PLLHC[ HLGL
PLOHUG PLOON D
LSWD@ PL]UO HONCO PLOLE[ ]HQHZQG DH[D PLSCH G]U CHG ]HQN GOLNCO RZH]QG RHIQ DH[LU RLSUO
HD PLD[UQ GDHJ GOLNC GSLC LWUC >GFHUT JHSLZD HC ]HWLOD HC HQYU
PLQHH PLOYD RHEN HQYU LSWD ONCS HSLC [DFD PLD[UQ RLC [LCQ LD[O UQQ LQOH[LD
OCLJL D[ M[U PLC[HQCH PLCS] LN[U LWU
RHZL] LFL OU COC G]U GOLNCO LHC[ HSLC HOLWCH HONCO PLOLE[ ONHC C[ZSG [DF PLONCp ]CQHK
DOD H]HC PLONHC L PC PE GOLNCO FUHLQ HSLC [DF POHCH PLONC ]CQHK CQKQ >]HLSWN RHEN@
RWHC OND CQKQ GOLNC M[HYO GUQ HD GU PCH ONHC HSLC >OZFG [HZ RHEN@ HOHFLE O PLLHTQ
>HSELKH HZO [HZ RHEN@
S GFS GSQ RLONHC ]CQHK CQKQ [UQD DLLJ ON
RHZL] [THJQ HOLWCH [UQ VTND JZLS X[CG RQ HOHFLEH L[W CHG ONHC ON [UQ VTND GJLZ
>[HZ RHEN@ OON M[FD GOLNCO FUHLQ HSLC LWUCH
PLUKHSH UZ[ZG RQ ZSHLH PLSC DH[ OYC GOLNCO LHC[H DHJG L[W D GQFCG HC XUG ]N[D
OCHQO L[W H]HC ]UF OU JQYG
PLFFHD PLSC H]HC PLONHC [DF CLYHGO@ PFC LSD DH[ LFL OU PLONCSG UZ[Z LOHFLE ]H[UQ DHLJ
>G[HU O Z[L RHEN FDOD
CWZ
]UF VTHL
CO PC RNH PLCS] ]ZHOJQ >PLOHFE PL[QGPLIHEC RHEN@ [HCD RHZL] LFL OU COC GOLNCO LHC[ HSLC
ODC PLCS] ]ZHOJQ >PLSKZ PL[QG PLFZ RNH ]HLSWN RHEN@ RHZL] LFL OU HONCO LHC[H HL[W [QES
PL[NI PLOZF ]HLSWN RHEN@ PLL[W [QE HGI RHZL] LU DLLJ ONG L[DFO POHUO OD]Q HSLC L[W
>PLOHFEG PL[QG PLFZO GI RLD ZOJO ML[YH
GN RLOHJD [UQ RLSUO PLFZG LSLF KH[LW
"]H[UQH ]HQH[]D PLDLLJ PCG [E[EH PLLOJ R]OL] G[HU OHW O Z[LGH PLU[IG KQ
M[HYO COH Z[LG OLDD PU[I HOLWCH [HKW PGO Z[LH [UQD DLLJ RU[LI R]OL]GH G[HUGH OHWG
Z[LG OLDD PU[IO PLOLE[ FJC PHZQ L HOLWC C[QED UQQH@ PFC ON OYC H]UF GOKD PLU[IG
>P]UF GOKD
]H[UQ CHIJ U FNH GQGDO HC GWCO U[IG MLOGO DJ U[IO COH Z[LO PU[I [E[EGH PLLOJG
PLOLDKQH H]HC PLZJH HLG [E[EG U[I@ Z[LH U[I PL[U]Q U[IO PU[I U[IH Z[L PL[U]Q LC
>]H[UQD DLLJ MNLWO TH] LHC[ CHG HSLUD ONCGO HOLWCH LOYG ]C HD
[JC HD PLNOHG MNOG DHJGH [ZLUG CHG L[G U[IO PU[I PC FHUH CD[GH TH]G H[W
RQ OOND U[IG OU Z[LG RQ L[WGO RLC PEH Z[LG OHNCO CD HOLWC U[IN HOHFLE LO
RQ [UO RLCH GKLZO ]U [JC MOLO Z[LN PSLF Z[LO PU[I PCH CHG GWLG OU U[G
Z[LG OU U[IG
H]UFD LHO] HSLC GWL H U[ RLSU [D]TQ D]N CDKL[GH
KN VF
"PLSHG PLZQDH PLONCQD DH[LU [HUL HGQ C S
"DH[LUO PLW[KYQ PLSH PLONCp PCG D
LFN PQYU LSWD ONCGO PN[F PL[DF CLIL PLONDH IL GOLUQD RS]FN ]HFHUT L] RHIQ DH[LU [HUL C
]HFHUT L]O ]HWLO LFN PL[JC PLONCQ PGD ]WOO PN[F PL[DF ]HFHUT L]D PQYU LSWD PONCO
]HFHUT L] PGD JSZO PLOLE[ [HUL LFN GFHUTG PGD PLJSZQ PL[DF RNH OCHQ [QC GFHGL D[
H]HOLE[H H]HDLJ LWO ONCQ ON FHUH L[
LSD ONO [HQC GI [HUL ]H[YJ LDH[LUDH FJCH FJC ONO CHG ]HFHUT L] [HUL RLQHJ] LDH[LUD@
PL[QHC LH W ROGOFN FJCH FJC ONO ][EH[EN LF PLKUHQO ODC PLDH[Q PG RQID LHDQG HC [YJG
F ]HDL]S ]LD ZGHDU U RN KZS CO CD[GH FDC[ PLDH[QD VC CHCNO ]LULD[ ML[Y PLZQD
> IHW OGCDH JT JHCD GNH CLC PDQ[ CDKL[
ILIJ OCLJL D[FN FLG COQN PLJO PLOHW CLOZ O Z[L ]HN PLSHG PLONCQG PLQNJ H[ULH
DZD PLOLE[ PLJHW] QLH [UL LJHW] PLJHW] D[ [QC ZJYL [D GLDHK [D GD[ PL[NLCG ]FHECN
CD[ PLQLLZ VTHL D[ L[DF ODC H]LLC[ GJF LLDCH TH]G H[LWN VTHL D[ DZQ ]HJW CO PL[Q] RQJS D[
O LSLT PD LDS[ PL] ]HLJ PLYLD
Z[L L[ EHO C[KLOD PLD[UQ D[ PD LODHE [D CLSQ D[ PD L[F [D ZT[HE [TQ GQ LWO
D[ ]CI [QC CO VTHL D[ L[DFOH FJC EH[]CH PLSHQ[ LSH PLZT[WC GQJH GQJ EL PLIHEC G[UH
DWZ