DH[LU HSLC RCN RQHIQ HSLC COC G[HGKG RNLG [LNQ PFC L PC HOLWC FFY LQ L
PL[HCDH PLHFJ LWU GSC[LNO GONCO ONHL [LNQG MND LF RLCH GONCO OHNL RLC LSWQ
PFC H]HC FLD JSHQ J]WQG GLG HOLC HQNH DH[LU GI L[G ]DG MQD HOCO [WC PC GC[S G[HCNOH
PHL FHUDQ
GSHZ PHLG ]OLJ] [QCF RCQO HOLWC@ DH[LU HDH[LU GD LO HD[LU [QCH FZ [JQOH OHJ PHLG HI [NN D
OHJ [JQOH FZ PHLG >DH[LUG OJ [DNH GOLOG FU GHFZ GLOU GF[L CO ZWTQ TH] DH[LU
>GOLOG FU GSQQ G]HFZ GUZW CO ZWTQ@ DH[LU HDH[LU RLC
DH[LU HDH[LU MNO [H[D RQI HUQQ FZ [JQO [QC PC CZHF [D]TQ D]N CD[G
HKZS CO PLSHC[ FHUH CDKL[H TH]DH LHC[ HSLC PHLG ]TLSND L[G MJ]N [QC ODC
RN
HI L[G [QCH PHLOHDKFND RH]S GLG RHEN@ MJ]NO Z[ []H] ODK O HI ]LDJD LO HD[LU [QHCG E
HC DH[LU GSHZ PHLG VHT PC GOCD ]CI ]HO]O GY[ CD[ PHON [QC CO >MJ]]NO [UQ ]QH[]
[QHO RLCH ][]HQ CLG [DN PHLG ]OLJ]D L[G HL[DFD QQ L GSHZ PHLG ]OLJ] PC PHLG ]OLJ]
PHL OHDK ][H]Q FNG CYL Z[ COC PHLG OHJ CG] FLWZQ HSLC RCN LN OLUOFN GHFZ GOJ CO ZWTQ
PHL FHUDQ GLHC[G GFHUT ML[Y GJF CWW D[H R[ UUH CD[ [JQO [QC CO LSWQ HC TH]
DH[LU HSLC MNOG
IO HO PLWF
GQ LW OU HC [JQO U[CL U[HCQ LW OU FNH D[UQO HC J[IQO CGL HDH[LU OU PFC GS]Q PCG C JT
"[JQ KLOJL
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KYZ
LDH[LU D[UQG RQ D[UQO LDH[LU J[IQG RQ PL[NS HCD PC [QHCH GS]QH RLDH[LU LS PFC JLSQ C
RNH L[LU LSDN LSL[G RCNO COH RCNO CO HCD CO MOC GY[C PHZQO RCNOH RCNO HCD PC J[IQO
[QHC GFHGL LD[ MOC GY[C PHZQO RCNOH RCNO CD@ HNH J[IQO LDH[LU J[IQG RQ PNJ CD PC
ZGDHQ HD[ FJC HOLWC MOL GY[L PHZQO HL]HD[ PGLS HLG HD[ OYC MOHG HD[ PGQ FJC GLG
>HD[Q []HL H[DJD HO JHS PLQUW PL[DHT PLQNJH TH]
GOLUHQ RLC ROGO K[HWQN RSD[F PLSLFD HOLWC G[L[D RLC PL[DHTG PLCS]G ]UFO C[QED [CHDQ
HCD [DN RHEN ]DG ]TLSND HSLLGF DH[LUG ]HOJ ]UD [DFG [[DHG [DN RHEND COC HI GCS]G
CON ODC HCD [DN GQ LWO HDH[LU CGL GS]QH HCD RNLGQ UFHL HSLC CHG COC FJC FYQ PL[NSG
LD[ ]UFD HLCF C]LL[DF CDLOC RSJHL LD[ HDH[LU RNLG U[WQO MN [JC [[DHL PL[QHC RLC GU G]HCD KOJS
GFHGL
HCO PC HD D[UO HSHY[D PC KLOJL ]DH ]D OND [QHCH GD[G ]H]DO DH[LU JLSQG GID CYHLN
PCG > G[L[D ]OCD@ PLCS] HZOJS GNJQ PCH DH[LU HDH[LU ]D ON O PHL FHUDQ GY[ PC
HCO PC DH[LU HDH[LU
]UF VTHL
MH]D KLOJGO CHG OHNL G[L[D L PC GY[C PNQ GILC OU D[UQ LSL[G GQJO [QHCD RLFG CHGH
D[UQ PGQ GILCO ]DG
GS]QN GI LWOH ROGOFN PL[JC ]UFD HC HQYU ]UFD GOH] RLD G[L[D RLFD PLZOJQ L C
TH] LWU OLUHQ RLC MOC GY[C PHZQO ODC DH[LU HDH[LU PL[JCD Z[ [DFG
EL] JHC EJ RLDH[LU PDQ[ LWU >RSD[F RLQHJ] L[G@ PLSWHCG OND DH[LU HDH[LU GNOGO D
[[DHLH ]DG MH]D KLOJGO OHNL PHON KLOJG CO ]HQG RLD HQYUD UFHL PC HOLWCH
]DD GY[]S LWUC DH[LUD Q]GO CO KLOJG PHL FHUDQ PC POHCH U[WQO [DFG
DEL] RHLYG [U DZUL RHCE LWU DH[LU HDH[LU RLC
CS]O HCO PC FYLNH OJ [DFG PC U[WQO [DFG [[DHG [QHO G[L[D L PCG PLC[HQCH PLCS] HZOJS D
OSN RLQHJ] DH[LUD RSD[F RLFD WNU G[L[D L RL]LS]QF CQZ
GS LWN GFHGL LD[ ]KLD KZS D[ HOLCH COHU KZS RNH RL]LS]QF CS] LWO GFHGL LD[ ]KL CLG RNH
L[WGO FL]U LSC GQ [QHO [L]Q [LCQ LD[ PL]HNG RLDQ RLL JZHOG RLFD GSS RN G[L[D RLC HLC
PL[THC RHUQ LD[H LTHL LD[ GFHGL LD[H HI G[LQC MQT OU FLQ ONHCH ]H[UQH GQH[] CGL RQI [JCO
LD[H LTHL LD[ OHQ ]JC GKLD GFHGL LD[H [LCQ LD[ ]C GS COHU ODC@ G[L[D RLC P]KLO
>RHUQ
H]UFO RHUQ LD[ [DHT RNH@ G[L[D L RN]L RLL JZHOD PL[THCG ]UFO VC >VTHL D[N COF@ [QC CD[
]ULZD JQ CHG ]LFL]U G[WG OU MQ]TGO [HTCO PQUKH > JH]D [LW RN LTHL LD[H GFHGL LD[ VCH
]LC[ [QCS PL[NLS GLL[L HLGL ML[Y GQH[]D PHQ PQUK H[QC PFHZ [DTG LWOH FHSG
PL[DHTG PLCS]G COC GI RLSUO RSD[FO C]L[HCF PLSLF RLD ZHOLJ RLC >CD[ ][DTN CO@ KZS VTHL D[
RLL JZHOGQ JLNHG D[ ]UF GC[S RNH RSD[FD VC G[L[D RLC PL[DHTGH C]L[HCFD VC RN PL[DHT G[L[D
PLSHC[ LWU RSD[FO C]L[HCF RLD ZOLJ COH LS]QN COFH HLC LS]FN
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C[KHI [Q [F RNH GYLDD C[QED HZLTG RN RLC C]L[HCFDH G[L[D L RSD[FD [DHT CLUHC LD[H ZWHTQ
C]L[HCFD VC G[L[D L HQ PL[FSD LDC[O PL[WQ L PLSHC[DH K ZDH IO GYLD U H]HQN GNOG
> CS ZDH DU P [IUOC LD[H CSHG D[ H]HQN HZTWH
COO OHJO OHNL [DF ODC H]H[L[DD GS]HQ [DFG ]HOJ PHZQD Z[ MLL G[L[D RHFLS C
DJ CD[G ]H ONG L[DFO [[HDQ HSLC LWUC OJ [FSH GS]QH G[LNQD RHEN [[HDL
PL[[HDQ PLOUDG RLCN HLOUD PO RD[Z DL[ZQG RGN RLSUO RCN >GC]LO]@ FL[H]G ]SHHN HI GC[SH DW
OJ HFZ]L PLQJO HOC HO ]WNC COH OLCHG UD[C MH]Q PJOG L] HFLZ ]HFHC HTZ DHK PHL ESHU UUH
L[WG GF W UH JU ]HJSQD TH]G [HCDD GT DJ TLESD [I[EG LHFJD ILUNH G[L[D RLC LWUC
ZYDH
PLFHQ ONG CDGOH RCNQ [H[LDD LF COC U[WQO [H[LD ML[Y RLC PHZQD PL[QHC L D
]ZHOJQ GID GC[G EZT CT JGHYZD U >HLNUQ OHJL GYH[ RWHCD HOLWC RN]L@ G[L[D L
LSD CZHF GI RN]L MC MHQTD ]CDHQG HKF UQ THZ[HZ L[G RHHLN HI C[DTO GC[SH@ PLSHC[G
PYUQ [[HDQ HSLC [DFD CO ODC GQN MH]Q FJC UOT OU OHOLJ HC PLSHQL[ LS [HLUD RHEN PLF[WS PL[DF
GT DJ TLESD [I[EG LHFJ DNE [L L[U UUH >FL[H]D UQQ RN RLL [HLUD RHEN H]HGQ
[JCO [[D]LH G]U [[HDQ HSLC [DFD PE OLUHQ LCFH POHUO CD CO [DF GSZQ PFC FQO GC[S G[HCNOH
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RLDH[LU ]NTQ PHNLTO ]HDH]H ]HOC
RLSQ UY GIH FLQ G]HH U[WQO VC OJ ]HKLWD KZS GC[S HL[DFQ COC EZT CT JGHYZ ][DTN@ RQI
>UODOF ]CSZGQ ]CI FHQOO RLC
L[DFO GHUG PFCO UHFL HSLC RLLFU LWUC [[HDQH KOJHQ GLG [DFG ]HOJ RQID PC E
[DN PC ZWTG OU D[UQG RLFD OLUO [CD]S LWNH G[L[D ]OC RCN RLCH [DFG OJ ONG
JLSG GUD RHEN H]HOJ ]UD COC GLLUG ]UD [DFG [[DHG CO HOLWCH PNJ CD
JGT UGC [IS LSDC U ]HQG RLDD COC PNJ CD CO RLLFU DH[LUG
[DFD COC D[U]S MN [JCH H[HTLC [NHG [DFD G[L[D [QHO MLL RLC CHG OHFE OON F
FHUH O G[HQ] TH] ]DH[U]D FOHS H[HTLC
HQYU ]UFD GOH]O G[L[D L PL[JC ]UFD GOH] RLD ZOJO PL[DHTG PLC[HQCGQ L G
LD[F CDLOC D[ ]UFD [DTZ GFH CO GF TH]G NNH GN RLKE CSLD[H CL[Q D[H LLDC G[L[D RLC
RSJHL LD[ ]UFD TH]G NNH RLKED CD[ [DFD PLZOJQ RLC LH [F CDLOC VTHL D[ ]UFDH GFHGL
JH] UH
RHEN HLOCQ [[D]QG [DFO G[L[D RLC PFCG ]OHUW LU [[D]QG [DF RLD PLZOJQ LH
LTHL LD[ ]UFD W[H] LWU G]LQ HC PLQE ]FL[LD
G[L[D PL[DHTG GD[OH COHUO GFHGL LD[H [LCQ LD[ HOLWC JLNHGO HD]N L[DF GFD TH]G H
U[WQO [DFG [[DHG PL[QHC RLC LNG HCOD ODC H[LWD RN GS]QH HL[DF [[DQN Z[ HGI
HZOJ PLJCD RHEN >GFHGL LD[F CDLOC D[ ]UFD CO GFT TH]U PL[JC ]UFD GOH]D HOLWCH@
C[ZLUQ HO GLG HZOJO ULEG GQ U[WQO [[DHG PL[QHC RLC PL[HQ LTNS
RCNO HC RCNO MN [JC [[DHL LCFH DYQ RLD LTHL LD[ ]UFO ZOJO LTHL LD[ GFD HD]N FHUH
[H[LD LFLO [DFG CHDL COH RN]L DYQ RLDH G[L[D L >HCO PC PLQE HF[L PC RHEN@
EZT CT JGHYZ U PNTHQ [DFG RLCH >OON G[WG LFLO CHDL CO RLL JZHOD RHEN@
[[HDQ CO RWHCD [DFG OJ G[L[D RLC PLKZHS PC VC ROGO CDHQ TH]D FJC [DTG LWO I
LN WNU@ ]H[LWG MH]D ]D[HUQ LGL[G GQHZQ [[LD CO GQH[] P ]CL[ZD RHEN
OCHQ [ L[HULD U EN ]HQDL CDKL[G ]UFDH FL RLOHJD L[ ]UFD CL RNH >PL[NLS PLL[L
KIK LCQF CHIJ UUH [JG ]OLC U IW DD TH]G ]UFD CL RNH CS RLHFZ
OZGO G[L[DG OU MHQTS RLSUO Z[ HGI G[L[D RLC PL[QHCG ]UFO HOLWC [QHO PHZQ L J
[DU PC RLEHO LS RLFD GI LWOH G]UQ COC C[QEG ]LHZ [HCDD R[ LWU PLHJ C[QHJO ODC
RHUQ LD[O VC C[QHJO GQH[] GOJ L[WGH
CDHQH CL PLHFJ [LG [WTD P] HSD[ C]L[HCFD VC G[L[D L HD]N PLSHC[ GQN GNOGO K
[CHDQ RNH FL[H] >G[L[D RLC ZTW ][ PD HCLDG GQ PL[FS R[DH O G[HQ] TH]D ODC@ PLSHC[D
L[ IU OG IHCD UH L[ PD GQ PL[FS R[DH DW DJ CD[G ]HDH O G[HQ] TH]D
]UF ]LC[S RNH NG KHL IJ RLDH[LU CNC ]HQH[] IW[ ]H[UQ PDQ[ LWU RSD[FD Z[ PL[QHC LH
R[G [LWH FHUH GQ PL[FS R[ G ]HDL]S ]LD FZG ]FHDU H[WTDH DW DJ CD[G ]H GYLD VL[G
RSD[FD OZGOH G[H] OD [LQJGO L MNOG GNOGO ZWT [DFG LSWQ PUKG RLKEF EW
G[L[D HD RLC C]L[HCF H[ ON C[QEG ]LEHTQ JLNHG D]N CZU[ U C]L[HCFQ H[ZLU [DFH@
[U UUH G[L[D HD PL[QHC IGID [UQ KZS HKF UQ QTNG POHCH RCQ GFD TH]G ][DTNH
FL ZYHOTQ L[ ]H EU FL VF IJ RLDH[LU MOQG
DW ]D ]QC ]W U G[L[D RLC RSD[F ]HNOG LDEO PE PL[QHC L C]L[HCF C]HZWS HO L [DFH
C[
IU QU FL ZYHOTQ L[ ]H
]UF VTHL
]LD LWU ZWT [DFG LSWQ G[L[D RLC PL[QHC G[H] OD VC OZGO HZWT GQGD [UQD PL[QHC L
> PDQ[G ]UFD FZT COZ OCHQ
O[ RLKE OG RDC[ LWU >G[H] RLFD COHZO VC RNH RSD[FQ VC@ G[L[D RLC ZTW LQ LH
]OCD ]HWTHS ]H]HZWS CLEHTD ]H[CHDQ ]H[UQH ]HQH[]H DH[LU RLSUO OSG ]H]HZWSG FDOQ E
G[L[D
GY[L GILC G[L[D L PC RGNO RGLSLZ LQF V]HQD HS]S HC DH[LUD RGLSLZ ]C HJZO PLS L]
HLOUD CHG LQ H]JLZO ]UD RD[ZG [[DO ML[Y HCO PCH ]CKJ DL[ZL GY[L GILCH GOHU DL[ZL
TH]GWO RD[ZG P HC L[WO
PO RGNG DL[ZL GQ ON C[Q PLSG HS]L OLUHQ G[L[D RLC PC VC [CHDQ L[WQ
H]LLU RD[ZG [WO RGN FLD [DFG RHLN GO CGL RGQ ]JC
[[D]L HFL OU RGN FLD [DFG ]HOH] G[L[D RHFLS OOND HGI PL[DHTH PLZOHJ TH]GH
OLUHQ RNH [[HDQ [DFG GLG PLSZG ]LLSZ ]UD PC COC OLUHQ RLC PGL[DFOH RZ ON LQ O
FHUH CDKL[ LWU RGNG [[DL FU PLSZD ZOJH RLSZ RGO RLC HS]G C[Q PC
ZTW LWUCH ][HWQ GCS]G COD VC RWHC OND OLUHQ UQQ JJ QGHTW PDQ[DH
LWUC [WO RGNG FLD CFTJ D[ L[DF HCLDG [JCO [WO L G[L[D RLC C]L[HCFD
GSQ VTN LQF HS]GN HS]G CO
[DJG RLC G[L[D L PC MNO HJO X[CG PUOH HQYUO LCQF O Z[L JZLO ZHO MOHG GLG [DJ
[DJ RLCH )JZO HN[YO GOLJ]Q [[D]Q X[CG PUO HS]HSN LN X[CG PUO R]HS GQ OU [UO ML[Y
[UO ML[Y G[L[D RLC PCH HO )[NHQ GI
[UOQ [HKW JL [UQ PDQ[G ZTW
HLNUQ OOHJQ G[L[D L PC TLNG RQ LFLD GOU] UOT OU OOHJQ L]LDD LO L [UQ [QHCG
GOU] GFJ UOT [QHCN RNH ]JC UOT HO L RN PC COC@ OOLJ CO HCO PCH CDKL[ GOU]N
> TH] OH PL] HO L HKC PL[IHE RLCH ]JC GFJ UOT HO LH
PL[WQ L G[L[D RLC C]L[HCFD ZTW LWUC OOHJQ ZTW HKF UQ PDQ[G
GC[S RN >U[WQO RHLFWG ]HOJ OU GSLC ]ZHOJQGH@ OOHJQ PLFHQ ONG UOTG GOUGNO
PE UH@ QTN RSD[F GIG RQID GQH[] LSWQ PL[QHC LH OLUOFNH P THZ[HZ L[G L[DF [WO
IW[ [UQ OGD PDQ[G NQQ GZG QGN[QDH >G J[WH [H]WND
GQH[] GI CGL PHLG PLQE HF[L PC [QCH ODK O PLSHQL[ LS HLSWO HLG PLWTHS PL[ZQ
PL[NLS PLL[LG HLGL ML[Y RLC PC C[QED [CHDQ GI OU GQH[] GI CGL HCO PCH GI OU
G[L[D RLC PC G[L[D RLFD [DFG LHO] TH]G HD]NH LHU GU GQ G[WGG ]UD
GQH[] PGQ FJC LCFH G[L[D RLC PC HOLWC L[GQ PD HD]N FHUH PHON HL[DFD RLC
RONCO RGNG []HQH
PHZQ OND HO ZOJG OU [JC PHZQQ QH[] L[WGH P[[LD COH H[DJOH HO ]H[LW JZO LQ
[UO ML[Y RLCH ONHC G[L[D PLKZHS PC H[LDJ ZOJH HZOJ [[LD MN [JCH CHG
RN DH [UO ML[Y G[L[D RLC PCH PSZL] L[GH GOLJ]NOQ HL]H[LW HLG HOC [[DHG
PLSHC[G H[W LWN [DJO [QC X[CG PU RLFD J[ ]T[E LWO [CHDQ
HS CQHLD UU GNJ PU ]D D[U PL]HNG ]LDQ RLL JZHOD PLSLF LK[W
D[