HFHGH FJC RLF]LDD HQIHG [W L[ RQYU LW OU RLQOQ RLC [QCF CDLZU LD[N GO [DT
HQYU LSWD RLF ]LD ON LWON [HQC [HKW TSZD GFHQ RLF S RHJG ]HYZD FQO HL[DFQH [JC FDD
LN P DLLJ [JC FDD PLFUD HGHUD] MN [JCH HGH[KWH LSHOW FDD GFHG HOLC D]N GI LWOH
RCN GSH GLC[O GQHF RHFLSG RLC [DHTH ZOHJ KWQG ]HDL]SDH GFHG RLF ]LDD COC [KWS CO
DLLJ]L CO DH H G H [ K W [DN PC NCQ PGLSWD H]CFHG MQT OU HDLLJO [JC FDO [WC LC
JGHYZG FU IJL ZD CHIJD GQ] RNH POHUO
MNOH "RLF ]LDD HDLLJ]G [DN [JCO P]CFHGD H[KWL FYLN G[ZLUQ L[ ]KL OU GQ] FL[G
HCD RNQ [JCOH [Z HFLUG HFHG GODZ]SH P]HFU G[ZJS [JCO PLFUG [DHFQ [WO CLDG
H[KWS HFHGH HQFZ RHLN PHQLIGH PL[JC PLFU
PHQLIGH PLFU PLCD HOLWC PGL[DFD [HWQ RLC COC OLSHOQ L[GH JJL ]HFU PDQ[G HD]N RN
[HKWO CLG GOLUHQ FLEQH [IHJ RLC L[G PHON GSLC P]CFHG LWUC HFLJ GI RLFD LH PL[HKW
MN [JC PLFU HCHDL PC PE TSZQ
CYQS PDHLJ [QES CO PLFU LFL OU HQIHG CO FHU ON LN RN [WOQ USQS L[ PLSH[JCG H[LDTGH
UE[DH RQIG ON ]QLLZH G[L[ H]CFHG [WO L FL[H]G ]UFDH DHLJG GUQO GCFHGG GQFZ
]LD LWU GCFHGO PLFUG ]CFUG GQFZ CO PE MFLCQH DHLJO GCFHGG GQFZ CO NCH GOJ GQIGG
C G[UG Y LL
PH COO [HDLFD [THQG RCNQ [CHDQ L[LLQZ CO C[HDLFDH C[HDLFF [THQ LSC [THQ LKHUQO
HKZ DJ HSZ CJ XD] P[E ZISD DLLJ HFLYQ GUQ
GI DHLJ PC PLSHC[G HZOJS [DNH LQ[EF CSLF RF [LCQ LD[N RO CQLLZH TH] HGHTSZ LQ[EF CSLF RLCF COF RCQO VCH
LSW UUH CHW QHJ MD ]HNL[CD U RSD[FQ HC C]L[HCFQ
PCSQ CO PLWTHS ]HDC L FQOO [QHON CLUHC [F LKHUQO CSLLSQ CS] RFLF CS]O CQOD
KZS PL]UO PEG PL[JC FHU L UQQ RG RLZLIS ]HDC GUD[C DH]N CO MNQ CHG ZHLFGH@
>][O [LG [WTD UUH LU D CD[ LWU RG GS COH PL[JC FHU RLC CZHHFD RLSQ CS]G
H[WH HSQIO XHJ ]DJQ HKHWN COH GQO CO ]DJQ OU OEWQ [W L[ MN OU PLSH[JCG HFQU [DN
OEWQH
[CD PE HC L[ CLDG ]CKJ RD[ZD GQO CO ]DJQN DLLJ ]OTHWG GDJQD CZHF PC HSF RNH ]HSH PLN[FD
RCN GL[C RD ]HGEG FI ZLIQH ODHJ OG MOQO GSQ UHGL LSWD ]HNL[CD U GDHJO GOU CO COC [N RD[ZG ]HSD[Z
DS OYSDS [FELDC [EO C[ZL ZJYLD D G[UG DLZ LL ]LD
QOQG ZHFZF CH [JC GDJQ OHTW PHD COH L[LLQ OEWQD CZHFF PDQ[GO OY H]KLOH TG OU J[EG LHFLJD UUH
OSG
LWU LQF RHQQN HCO RHQQO P[HEG [DF [QCF RCQO VCH ][JC CLDGO PLOUDO P[HE MND LQ[EF CSLFQ DLLJ OEWQ GC[SH@
> DL GQO ]JSQ
GODZ]S CO HI GHG[IE VTN POL GSL]S ]J] CL]C "CQUK LCQ DKLQQ POO ]HDCN ROHN
RHQK OU HC [HDDN PLON OU POHND H[KWLL RN PC ]HNOG [CO COH DKLQ LQHO] RLF RLSUO COC
[H GF H ROGO TH] CDN
H VF
[QHJ RLD ZOJO L G[DT GQH ONG ]W[H CG COG RHLU ML[Y HLSDC GNTNLTH H[LS GNJLO LLH]CO
" T ROGO U GI PO DH]NG RQ FJHLQ LHDL[ ML[Y GQOH [UHD HSLC [QHJO DHK G[UD
LQO] HOZOZ]S Z[ PHON GW[ CO H[LS GNJLOF KHW FSUO CKLO IHICQ Q[EG ][UG@
]HUHDD RLLUH KUQ HN[JS Z[ HW[S CO HLSDC GNTNT RNH ]LS H[JO ML[YH GQFCD GL[JQG
CG O[H HNH P]HC RLONQ PLQH C RLC PL[DF ]FQO CG HLSDC ]CH HLYU ]CH H]ONH CU KO VF
PLSDC QN PLSDCG ]C Z[ PLYUG ]C PLONQ PSLC PLQGH PLYUG ]C Z[ PLSDCG ]C GONQ GSLC
>ZHFH PLQ HZJ
COC DH]NG DLLJ CO CSLQC GHGH GOHFE G[UD]D COC PLLHYQ PSLC HOC RHEN PLZIS LWO [QHO LH
H]UF OU ]HOUGO HO GLG CO CQ [LS ]NJOQ C ODC ]HLHYQ ]HZOFD
OU GOUQ GLG CO ZIS OU DHLJ PGD RLC [HDH R ODC FDOD R[ZOH CO ]FJHLQ C[QHJ LGHI RNCH
UFL PC HOLWC UQQH [HKW HOHN PHLG ON HOLWC P GONCH TSHCD GSLEO GOWS GQGD RHEN H]UF
RNH PFCH JZW [H GQ OWSD [HKW RNO [WO L [HD LDE RNH DL]N [UDH JOHF ]ONHC
GIO GQHFD UH M[HCD U IKZ POG KS[EG LHFJ LWU >QNCH G OLUO L[ ]KL ]DHLQ GIDH@ PLON
PHZQ ONQH GFT ]NTQG C[ L[LCQ GNJLO GF L ROGO TH]D
HSLLG GZQ CO D[O ODC [HD HSLLG HSFQO H[HDQ POHN [QCF OCHQO HGSL[ZWC COF COC
D]N FUZ CELQ L[ ]HDH H[HQ GF E OLUO TH] [HDH [HQ GHG FYG D PLFQHO RNC D[O LN [H
D[O RLFG CHGH GL]HHN OLLZF OCHQF CDLOC HS]SH HCS
UQQ JLNHL [H HO HQ[E HLUQ RN [HDO GQ GQGD LOE[DH PFC LOE[D OEOE]QG [HD
FHQLO ML[YH [HDH [HQ FHQOO R]LS CO L[G RN PC HD D[HUQ [JC JN OOND HSLC OEOE]QG [HD
HEE C[D RJLSG HCQH HSLNT HSDCD HQN CQ
ODC HD D[HUQ [JC JN DJS [JC JN LU ZLIQ O GUS [DFGN Z[ ]HWTH]G HD]N [DFG PUKH
HOEOEH [JC JN CD LSWO PE [HD GLG [DN COG OEOE]QG [HD
HLOU C LSLFH HD D[HUQ [JC JN N DJS GI L[G [JC PHZQO H]CLDGH JH[G GCDH PLD[G ]H[D C ZLOFQG LW OU VC
JLSG CG GSLC G]U O CG GSH C [QHO ML[Y "[JC JN H]HC COO ZLIQ GUS P PE COGH RHQKG OU [HKWO
LU II COC [JC PHZQD GLG [HD H]HC CHG [HD RN CO [JC JN O ]HD[U]G LU G[YHS RNC GZLIQ ]LJNHS C G]HCH
[JC JN
]C RLC OEOE]QG [HD D FQOSD PE ]HQLLZ PLFQOQD ]HQLLZG ]HOHZG PLSHC[G ]HKL R]HCO PE GI OND GSLQ CZWSH
C O ]HOHZG
@ LS JN D PCH CHG HJN LZIQ LOICZF LFGD LC LQF LNLG RGL]HDLD RLZ]HW H[QC HOC ON
L[G CHG CQOUD CQ[EF POO [HKW COG >RHC[G X[WG [JCO CD PLQG JN LU GUS ZIGG
GC ZD LC RHIJ HS F OLUO TH] U [EHTG ]C [LTG COC HLFLD PLQG ]C CLDG CO
COF LS JNQ HCDN VC PGLOU PLDLLJ P[IG ZIHJ ]QJQ CO P]LC PLQG UEQ PYUQ PLUDHSG PLZIS P]HC OU GC[SH
P]]LJS [JCO HZLIGH GLHYQ JH[D HOWS QHTCN LHG [JC JN LU CD VCH [HD LHGF HFQU HOLCQ LU[E
[HDQ GHG FY D HDHLJ PLFQO [CHDQ HZLIGH PLD[G ]H[O HOWS ROLCGH O]HNG DU
JN DJS RLC HOWS RQYU ]QJQH HLG PLUHU[ ROLCGH O]HNG LWO HD D[HUQ [JC JN RCN RLCH [HH
CS LCQF GLHYQ GZIJ JH[D HOWSN UYH FLJCH LFLQ] CHG GNLQG JN NCQ FJ]QH GS]Q JH[ RHEN COC [JC
C LHGF JH[D GOWSH EEG C[D GJLSG RDCQ
D[HUQ [JC JN GI RLC C COH PGO [HD RLF P]OLWS ]UD HZLIGN PE C[DH TH]D [CHDQ FHU
ZISO H]LLU ]OLJ] [HD WUCH COHZ COC C[QHJ HI RLC ZLIQH MOHG HSLCH FQHU [HD LWUCH@ HD
[HD L[GH [HDD G[H] GOLZG QQF OYH C PHQ HDLLJO [WC COG PLON OU [KWLL GQO UYH C[ JLNHL [H
>UYH CHG
PLON H[DH HOWSH POHTG LOD OU ]HLHO] HLG PLJZOQ RLSUD ]H RQTH[E L[EO CULYQ CDD L[HUL [WT L[D U
LGZG OUD ]DH]H
PHNLT LCQ LLH]CO
]HZHTW ]HNOG ROHN J[H C[U PLSHC[G HD]NH GSQD GHG FYG Q C[QED HFQO ]HNOG UD[C
G[QC FJC ON HC H[DJ L[DF OU VLTHG PNJ ON HC@ LELOW COH CFJ [QC [QH CFJ [QC [QH RG
[WTDH PUKG C[D U RZOJ HKLQG PDQ[GH VL[G PSQCH FUZ CELQ L[G ]H H[DJ L[DF UQ COH F[WSD
]HQHZQ GD[GD FZD HN[FN GFJ M[F RCN OOT GF LQH[Q
COC [LQJGO RLD OZGO RLD PGLOU [HD LSLF ONH [HD HOOG ]HNOGG ON O R[ZLU C[G D]NH
CQ HC [HQ JLNHL ]HUO HN[YHGH RFQOO GLG R]LS CO FDO [HDQ
HEE C[D RJLSG HCQH HSLNT HSDCD HD D[HUQ [JC JN C [HDD RSLC RCN L ]HOHZ UD[CH
]OLJ] RLC F RGL]HDLD RLZ]HW ]H[D GU E OEOE]QG [HD HO HQ[E HLUQ RLC D HZLIGH
HOWS ROLCGH O]HNG ZISO H]LLU
RLZLIS DHLJ PL[JC ]HDCQ JLNHGO HSN[YHGH HFDO [HDQ FHQOO PLOHNL HSLLG CO ]HOHZ R]HC LSWQ
[DTG HGI@ [HQCN [HDG RLFO POHN RLF [IHJ RN HSFQO [JCO POHC ]HOHZ R]HC CYQLGD PE PLLZ
>UHGL LSW HSFQO H[HDQ POHN LHKLDG
RHEN FQOSG [DFD PLQLLZ PLFQOQG L S D PLQLLZG PL[HKWG ][DHTH ]ZOHJG GUF C[G CLDGH
RHQK OU PEH [HD RLFN PLON OU PE H[KWLL [JC PGD OZ]SH EEG C[D HOWS HCQH HSLNT HSDC
LZHQSGQ ZLLFO L RNH DHLN ONH CG RLFN
OND H[QCS ]HLK[W ]HNOG R]HC PCG PLSHC[G ]ZHOJQ ]C [CD RHQQ LZIS OG LHOG IL[ R[Q LHFJDH
LK[W P HO RLC ZLIQ ODC PLHTQG ZLIQG P ]HOJD Z[ H[QCS RSLLSUH R]HGQ ON ]HDCGQ FJC
M[HCD U HL]HNOG ]C HD RLC PLLHTQ
[H [HKW LDE CZHF [WCH RGL]HNOGO GF G OLUO TH]G L[DFQ [LUGO LH ]HWTH]G L[DFQ H]KLN JLNHG C[G
RLC HGLLSLDQ RSLWOLF PL[DF [C RNOH GLJ[HCF VL[G D]N PUKNH FDOD OE[H R D Z[ [HQC GI TH]GO OT [G[D
DLLJF CSLQC GHG DH]NG OOND GSLC GLJ HOLC IL ROGO ZQK UH@ RG NGIEF RHQKH PLON [HKWD NCQ [G[D [HKWO
CNLC [G[F C[HKW VC UQQ PH H[HQ GF E OLUO TH]GQ GZG C[GQG POHC >KQ EJ LHOG ]LDD UH [G[D VC
GSHGN ]H[QQH VL P[GQ UH
POQ ONC GSLQ LC ONC GHJN LC RSLUFL COF C]G ]HEH[UG RLD GEH[U ONC RHEN
L[LCQ LWU RGD G]HJWG GEH[U LWN POQ RN OU GLC[G HLOU H[DJQ CLYHQG "GSLQ
PLC[S PL[DFG RLC D]NH GH G]LG GQN GLC[ CLDL FU RN[UN POQ HSLC PL[QHC L ]HH ROHN HLG PC D]NH
DYH LELOW ]HHD Z[H PGD G]HJWN POQ PLFHQ ONG ]HH RSLCD HSHOQ UQQH
]LFLUN CLH CO ZLIQF ]L[HDLIH ZILSO ]LFLUH ]L[HDLIH ]LFLU ZLIQO GLO ]LCF RHEN C[Z LSGC
CZHF HO R]LO DLLJ GI G[ZQD PC ]HKL L] CLDG C[G GLFLF DKLQQ GLO POQF ZILSF
C[G ]UFH ZILSF DKLQQ []HL ]JDHQ CLG FDODH ]LSHSLD UZ[Z HO R]LO OHNL VC HC HO DKLQQ
>G]HQN UZ[Z ZLIQO L PC@ ZILSF DKLQ HC KOJHQ RWHCD DH]NG ]C PLLZO L OHNL HSLC HQYU
L[ RHO ]HNL[CQ DZULO ]QC [WTD ZLLF RNH >G]HQN UZ[Z HO RLCN@ ZLIQF DKLQ HC
PSHONH PD]NN
COLOZ CSLO LS]F CHG LQOH[L CS] LCG D[ [QC
VTN PH F GSQH L]DJ ON H ]HDC GUD[C HSLLG RLZ[WD HOC ]HLSQ GO GSGH
RLDLH [LNL RLLUQG [CN RHOG LHSLD RGH G[YZ RHO LFL OU RG ]HLSQG [CQ PLSHQ
HSLLG CHG LQOH[L CS] LCGF TG ZFZFQH RCN GOQ ON H[FOH [WO HJ[NHG C[QEDH
[FTD HFZG HSD[ PTLSNGH G[YZ RHO TWH] GLG [C LQOH[L PNJQ HCD HOC ]HLSQ
VTHL ][HW UUH ]HLJ X[GQ PQHZQQ HII COH PCYQ HQN PJLSGH HO
FZG O [H COH CSQJ[ [QC HGU[ [H
]HWTH]D P H[CDH FZG O [H COH CSQJ[ [QC HGU[ [H OHFE [DF HSFQO GODZG LWQ
RH[Q CO RGLOUD ]HQGD LFLOU HQ[ES PLZIS Z[ COH FZGD RL[HKW RLZIS HGOHNF
RLZIS ZLIQG PFC LU HQ[ES PLZIS HOLWC COC PLOUD HO LH ZLIG [DF ON LU HC GNOGN
GHDEO RLZIS RLCH KHLFGO
]FDLC GHDEO CO ]FDLC [DF ZLIQO HO PL[QHC [WC GI RLFD PLQUK GQN [QHO LH
PE [WCH PFC LSLFD HSHFLL CO PLQ LYWJ G[H] G]Y[ [WC ]FDLC M Q Y U O COC
]HGQ [ZLU ]C KKO PLOHOU GHDEO PLLHYLW LQHO] RN GHDEO RLZIS RLC G[H] G[QC
HEYLLQH HCHS CHG ZILSG XWJG FZQG RHIJD ZLIQG FL ]HJLO HSLLGF UWG
]C XH]L PFC [WC ]CIG G[H]G LZHJ LWOU PLLZH [L[ GI [DF GLGL [C PUKG GLGL
]C FLQL FZQG LON ]C PLFLD FDCL PL[IEO FHZG ]NH[W ]C U[ZL FHZG ]L[D RH[C
PHO]O H]HC RHFO MQTHQ [C RLLF X[CG ON LSW OU CYQLL COH FZQG ]LD [YHC ON
]JC GKH[W Z[ HOH HGON
HI GFDHUD LF [QCS HSJ[N OUH POHUG LQU LKWQ D[ZD G]HQN RLCH GSLQD GFLJL HI GFDHU
RNONH CLG PFC LFL GUQ CO G[H]G KWQ OU PLFU GCQN FLUGO GFLJLGH ]JCG
GLTSNLD[H PLSGN PLQLHTQ PL[ZHJ O P][DTN PLSGN ]N O RHKO ]HWLC L[W GSLC
HLGH UHHQ UW O RLZ]HC ]C GIN FHZOHOLJ O GUQ OU PLULDKQ HLG P]TG RQ
LQ OND PHZSOH PGL]H[YHC OU G[LQD GSHC[H C[D ZHTUO ]LSHOLJG UH[IG OU PLFZHW
PC [DEHQ [HULD ]CIH RLQHO]D DLLJ OHJ O HQL PLFZD GHUG Z[ PGD HFL JOH
JDIQG RQH ONLGG RQ FJC RDC X]HS GQHZQD RHFS GLOUH GOLUQ RLF GI L[G EEHD RN GU
VCH EEHD PLFZD ZLIQG PFC [QHC GHG ]HZOQ HSHU GU]COD COC HSLC ]H[IUG RQH
HN[D ZLIQG HOLCH RLQHO]Q [HKW CHG PN GZHO HSLC RLFN GC[]G ODLZ COH FLIQD
PO ZISD DLLJ POHUO RLHN]Q COD CHOH LK[W
PL[QH GCSHC LSLFD RHEN GSH]J]G OU PLFZ O PFL LJ[ICG ZHJD PL[JC PLSLF LDEO VC
GOCN PLKWQ [LG [[ H[W GQJH GUD[CH OWN LQHO]H
LHO] C]L[HCFQ VC CLH KQ RLKLEDH HS]LEHTD TH]U DLLJ FZGG ]C ZLIQG RSD[FQ [LUGO L
PL[WQ [CDH RHLYO [HC ]HD U OCHQH D[F C]EHOWD
I VF
CSLKZ D[ [QCQ LW OU GI ZHOLJ [LDTG PL[G LHFLJD HJ[N OUD RCN H]UFQ RCN CLZ CO
RL[QHE GKH[WGH RLFO HZZIHG PC ODC GKH[WGHQ ]HJWO RLZZIS RLF ]LD RLC GS CULYQ CDD
GKH[WGHQ ]HJW OU PE PLSFH
RLC H]UFQ POQ [CN RN OU LHH O [WG HSLC ]L[HDLIO ]LFLU RLD [WGGH OLCHG RCN VC
]LDH POO GYH[ HSLC PC ODC GKH[W GH O RHFLS RCN RLC L[G HFDO DKLQ RLFD RHFO RLZZIS
DKLQ G RLSUD PE HSLF RL[QHE DH HQYU DHLJG OU RHFO RLZZIS [DN RLF
DKLQ R]LO DLLJ H]UFQ POQN PE ]QCG LWO ODC C[QED RHC[G DHLG LWO C[ZF CQUKN CD GI H[LW GC[S G[HCNO
]LFUQ GKH[W GH O RLQHO] DHLJ CHG RHFLSG [ZLU LN ]LFUGQ ]HDEO HLTNSO PLF[HLH [DFD RHFO PLZZIS FD VC RN]L
IU LL ]LD UH
RCNO LSU [UQ RLF ]CDG [ZLU ]LFLUD GLSLF RLZIS LDE LQS CNGH [QFN LLDC [QC COC
R]LO RLC MNO RHQQ ][H] HLOU OHJL G]U [DN P[HE [DFG O LFL]UG [LJQG [QHO HSLLSU
MOHGG [LU DGUD RLFN ]KUHQ GS]Q HO PLS]HS ODC@ LSU [FED HSLC LN GDH[Q GS]Q GI PFCO
UZ[ZG ]DJS G]U [DN L[G GLQZOF C[ZHL [HUL LWN UZ[Z H]HDEGO OHNL LQS CNGH >M[FD
KG L[U UUH GDJ[GD RLZ[H QL[ HFLQO] L[HULD NNH JLZ KS[EG LWU LFL]UG [LJQG ]C GHN
H]HNI [LW L[ GLQZOF C[ZHLN OLZ CO LCH C]GFN OHZ MSLFN ]OZ LC DU
GIN RWHCD COC DH]NG RQ FHQLO ML[Y RLC MN OUH GYH[ PC ]L[HDLI HC ]LSHSLD UHD]O ZILSG O
PUK ]]O ML[YH C]GFN HO R]LO ML[Y ]LFLU GDHEN Z[H GLQZOF C[ZHLN H]HDEGO ZLIQG OHNL
"]LFLUQ CS LCQH GLQZOF LHHG LWO HO R]L UHFQ ]LSHSLDQ PE ]HDEO H]HNI PC COG [DFD
]LFLUG RQ GDHEN COC HFNH ]HDHJ PHO] RLSUO UDHZG CHG LFL]UG [LJQG RNC [WO LH
GQ DZUL LD[ L[HUL ]L[HDLIH ]LSHSLDQ GDHEN RN CO C]GFN PE H]HDEGO CHG DKLQ RLF OONQ L[G
RLZ[H
]HUZ[Z NCQ [JC PHZQD [NQS RCN [NQS CO PC DKLQ LOLQ ON RLOKOKQD CSZTQD H[QC GQ LWO PUK VLTHGO L
PLQFHZG PLYH[L]O PE [QHO L RN PCH IU LL ]LDD [HQ NHQN [JHTO [DHUG VL[J RHQQ CHG DKLQ ][FEG [CHDQH
][DHUG UZ[Z HI RLC RN CO PC LHNUG [LJQG LWO HO ]]O DLLJ HSLFN GDHEN MNOG DKLQ RLF O HSLSU HGI C[QED
RTLS FU RL]QGO ML[Y LN [JHTO
RL]UF CZOTDH@ C]GFN HO R]HS GI RLSUO DKLQ RLF [CS ]L[HDLIH ]LSHSLD UZ[Z HO R]HS [CN PE C[QEG ]LLJF LWOH
>IHCH L[Q UQQ RN DKLQ GI RLC PEG GLQZOFN VC HO POQ RLDHT ]HD[O DLL Q HSFQO