RHUQ FLD JZQG ]C FLQUGO LFN HDHJ OUD PU RLFD
G[HCNO MWGO [HWQ FL QD LHQSH R[G L[DFQ [ [NI CO GQL]
K VF
ML[Y RHLN JZQD PHQ CYQS HQN ]HUK JZQ ]SUK PHQ HD [HIJO OHNL GD ZLIJG CO FU
LZHQS LWU ]HL[JC RLF PHQ COH HLOCQ OKD JZQG MNOG H]NCOQQ OKDOH RLF ]LDO ]NOOH JH[KO
VTHL
PLJCG [DTZ []LH [QC OCHQH HHG PL[HLN HZOJ PLJCG [DTZ ]ZHOJQ GOKD [QC D[
COG ]HJHZON HC PG RL[HLN PC LO GQ [CDO L LQF ]HL[JCD CO JZHONH ]HJHZO HZOJ
GZHOJG ]C GDLJQ PGQ FJCQ DHJOUDG ]OLKS PCG ]JC CLG GOCG G[HCNO
]ZFHY G]LG GOLJ]NOQ GZHOJG CQ HC FJQ ZHOJO L L[G RN PCH ]ZFHYGSLCGZHOJN
"DH ZHOJO RLC ICH
C[ZLUQ GZHOJG [[DHG PGQ FJC ZOJQ PLOKHSH DCG O ]HDHJ LOUD PLCDN PSQC [QHO LH
LN FLTWL FLTWL LQ HS]G HOLCN PGLSLD PLJCG HZOJN COC FJQ ZOJO ML[YH GSHNS GSLC
P]ZHOJD PLJCG PC Z[ MLL GIN LCS] COC TH]G HD]NFNH GH GFLQD GI RHNLTO TSNS FJC ON L[G
GUQ OUH [L FJC ON GQ [H[LD COC HSLC GZHOJG GUQ L[G PL[HLN PG PC ODC ]HJHZON PSLG
HQN CHG COLQQF LFLQF PLCS] ]CS]G RGD MLL RLC GOLDKH GKLJ ]QEHFN@ LCS] MLL CO GIN
RLZ[H QL[ L[HUL FJQ PLZOHJ HHG PL[HLN PC RNOH >GCSZGN PFCG O GUQ GSLC GH[L RN
HLOU H[DJQ CLYHQG [QHO RCN MLL RLC HD]N ]HWTH]G ]HUQD ULD[H UZ[ZD ULD[ OKHS MNOG
PL[QHC RLC UHFQ ]HSH PLN[FD PL[WQG H[LDTG [DNH HZHOJL PL[QHC LTC D[ ]UFO RNOH GLC[G
GQYUON ]HCLYQG FYQ COC PGL]HSUK ]QJQ ZWT GI RLC PHQ PC PHZQ ONDN GUQG RCN
POO GQQ CLG GOCGH POQ LCFH PHQ PC RSD[O COH THNQHTO CZHF GI COG PLSH[JC HZG MN OUH P[GQ
]HZIJHQG [ZLUD CLG RCN GOCG HC >LYJ HC UD[ POQ PC L[D ]HSHOG L]D LHO] GIH@
UHGL LSWD GI OND U CSLFF CZLWT HGI LSWQ HC ]HJHZON HC PL[HLN G]LG P]ZHOJ ]OLJ] PCG
PL[WQ [CDH GTZ C[]D CDD KS[EG LHFJ
CZLWTD HZHOJL HZTW GID CYHLN C[QED ]HLEHT GQNQ CLDG ZWTGNH GF DU[ DJ XD]D UH
[Q]LCF CNLG COC L]L[JC L]NHFO HGLLSLQ RSL[QE COH ]HQHZQ [CQ RLSHQ HOC ONH D]NH CSLFF
GLC[G HLOU H[DJQ CLYHQG RLFD OHFE OON RLSLLFH [Q]LC CO [Q]LC COF CNLG [Q]LC
LW OU [WQ PLLJ ][H] [WTDH PLSHC[D U GDZG OQ MOLCH RCNQ HOQ LO FU DU
GDH[Q GCLYL ]HUOQ [GILO HO LH GSG C[Q HO PLDHYZ PFC O HL]HSHIQ ON IK GYLD H[QC GQ
HO PLWLTHQ RLCH VLTHQ CHG H]DYZQ LO FU VLTHQ GQ MNO HZTW GQ OU HO HWLTHL CO
PCH CHG GDZG OQ COC GDYZG OOND HSLC LO OU GHYQ [HFLGO VLTHQ GQ ODC ]CI OLDD
HO PLWLTHQ VLTHQ
PLSH[JC PLZTHWQ PLKHZLO
[HFLGD C[LI [ [QC COC "GL]LD GLOHNO DL]LO C]HHYQ C]O] LO LQ[]LC LC G]UQ COC DU
GDZG OQ MOLCH RCNQ HOQ LO FU GHYQD LO FU GHYQ
GHYQ [HDU RHQQ ]CYHG DHLJ [HUL
GHYQD RLFG CHG PLSHC[G HD]NH GU ]HYQ M[HYO H]LD LO CLYHGO DHLJ RLC C[QED [CHDQ
GI RLC H[WH QHJQ []HL IDIDL OC IDIDQG S ]HDH]ND CHC ]SZ] ]C HCLDGH HSQQ ][DHUG
QEC ]H IZT HS[] CEQ U DLLJ HSLC QHJQ ]HJW VC [WCH GU ]HHYQ OND COC FDOD GZFYD [HQC
DUZ CJ JHC
[HDUL COH HSHQQ ON [HTQO PFC DLHJQ GU] CO ]HHYQD HS[] JHC FHUH CD[ U PLSHC[ HD]NH
IQDH CCD HS[] JHC EQWH HDO IW DL[ ]HD U GUH PHZ D COH ]CHD RSLG GU ]HHYQD PLZTHWG HSFH
FHUH LHK ]H[HTC ]HONCQ JQ [HC ISZ FHL CZU[ HS[] JHC T]J ]HGEG KOZ LHJ L FJ ]OOHN GJL]WDH HZT HQ[
FU EH[]CH DOHO GSZC CO [QCO CHG OHNL MLCH "]HHYQO PLQF L LNH LO GHQ] FDC[G RHO HIH
"HSHQQ ON GDHJ ]JCG GHYQGH PLQF PGO P LQH MNH MN LFN
CQ QHJQ []HL IDIDL OC IDIDQG H[QC HQN ]HL[DO M[KYLH LSHU LFLO CDL CO LFN [QHO LH
CHG G]LQN LSHUGH ]HL[DO M[KY] OCH OHJ M]D GU H[QC HQNH [HDLYG OU HQYU OLWLH LSUL
OKDLL VLFUH ]H[JC ]HD[ ]HHYQQ OKDLGO MN LFL OU ONHL []HL CLYHL PC HL[DF [W LQ L
[WHT P]J LHFLJ HS[] HDOD UH FW[ JHC DJ GDGCQ GDH] U ]HHYQ GQNQ OKDLL [CQ ]JC GHYQQ
DD G[H]G RQ GHYQ GJHF ]HL[DG FHDN CHG OON PHQ [DFG PUK [W FDC[GQ CLDG CO DLYSGH
CHG ]HL[DG FHDN OOND GI PE H[ULH GU] OCH
DLHJQ CGL CO RSD[F PL[HTLCD PE [QHO FJ [DF GI MC ]HL[DG FHDN ]LJF RLSUD KL ]HN[DD [HQCG ON OU RHFO CYLH
CJ PLLJ PLQ [CD D OI PLLJXWJG ZTW RNH ISZ FHL CZU[ ]HGEGH C[EGD U PLZTHWD [HWQH QHJQ []HL CLYHGO
C]L[HCF RLHCO RLFN HLOU [HDUO CO HSHQQ ON CLYHGO DLLJ RSD[FQ [HTLC VC DLC DJH LC
PLQNJO DH]NG [TQ HC CC GCW LQOH[LD ]YZ UQQ RN LSLTQ GQO GNOG ]HHYQG L[HUL OOND QHJ RLF GC[SH
HSHQQ ON [HTQO DLLJ G[H] [HTLCO HHG [WC RSD[F RL[HTLC RLSUO JLNHGO RLC ILWOH TSHC DJLL HGQ UHDZO
FT FJ LHOG KD ]H M[HCD HS[] GNOG [HCDD U GU ]HYQ M[HYO PLJ]WG OU [IJO DHLJ L PC GOCG OU
S ]HDH]N ]UF VTHLD CDHQD U QHJQ []HL CLYHGO PLSWHC HOCDH [HTLC L PCGH
GHYQ [HFLGO LO ]WTH]
]C JZLO HO L []HL ][FHGQ RGQ ]JCH HLSWO ]HSQHIQG ]HHYQ L]D C[QED [DHFQ L[ ]KL
GHYQG [LJQQ LOQ []HL VLTHGO HLOU PC MND DLLJ HSLC MC ][FHGQG
GWLOJGO HLOU OKHQ IC PE PCG ][FHGQ]HJWG GHYQG ]C GSZ [DNN RLFG [CD CO L[ PSQCH
G[ZQD RLFG CHG UQQ C[EGQ POHC [HKW GSZ [DN [JCO UQQ VTHL]LDGQH ][FHGQD
ML[Y HSLC LCFH HIO VTHSD ][JC ]HSZO LN [JCD VLOJGO ONHL MN ON LHYQ HSLCH ]HLG COC GI
D ]HC YGUH DZT HS[] DSQ GIN RWHC OU L[ [DLF CO
CYQL POHUO L[G VHT [DFO RLC ][FHGQG ]HSZO HDLLJQ G]C PC L[ H[LW OU HOC PLSHC[G
PHYQYD GF P GNOG [HCDD CDHQ FDOD ]JC PUW COC JH[KO HDLLJ CO RNC PLSH[JCG H[WH []HL GCS
FHUH
PYQHYQ [HULD GHYQ HO L LQ OU COC [HFLG ]WTH] OU [DHFQ RLC C[GH ]HWTH]G ]KL
LOQLSQ [HULD HSLCH HLF OHFE CHG [CN HI GKLO []HL OHFE ]HSZO LFN LO FU VLTHGO DLLJ
GUF KZHS UHG UQQH HLSWO ]HSQHIQ ]HHYQG L]N HOLWC [HFLG OU LO VLTHGO GDHJ RLC
P GNOG [HCD GSHC[G GKLN [LQJGO PLKZHS [CHDQ PLZTHW FHUH [CGH C[EGQ POHC [ZLUO HI
HGSZL LO HSQQ OHFE FJCH PLQNJ H[UL HQN IHECN EH[]C CYQ PC ]HWTH]G L[DF HSLDG L
COH EH[]CD PLHTQ RLF HGI HD]N LH EH[]CG OFHEQ LO COC PLQFD LO OU [DHFQ RLC
HI GKL [LDTG MOLCH ELGO DJ LNF[Q ]N[DD UH MN OU GQ] HS[] CEQDH FN GQO O PL U ]HHYQ [CD
UH EH[]CG L Q F D LO ]WTH] PYQHYQG HOFE OU VLTHGO GSHHNG [HWQ C[G L[DFD POHCH
TH]G L[DF ]HHGO R]LS GIDH HGSZL LO FU HSQQ OHFE FJCH ]HWTH]G RHOD GLEG VL P[GQD
HD [IJ GC[QGWL D[GQ CLDG RNH PLSLU J]WD CFLJ[G D]N RNH PLZTHWG RN HQ]T HQNH C[G PU
ZL]UQ C[G OON M[FD UHFLNH TH]G LZTWD DH]N LWNH ]HWTH] L[DFD [WO C[G L[DF H]HC[D
EH[]CG O HOFHED LO VLTHGO L]L] LGQ C[DTG FYQ PEH ZOHJ GC[S RLCH TH]G ]KL ]C
C[GQD UH H[HULQ KUQ]L CO LFN ONG COG [DOQ HC HCEOQ PC HZW]TS FU CZHFD
OHTW J L [CN [QHO L MC LO FU CQOUD GHYQ [HFLGD VLTHGO DHLJ RLC HI GKL LWO
[QHO L [N CHG GNOGO VC PLZTHWG ]ZHOJQD GSH]S H]H[N EH[]C HO LN RHEN GHYQD
PC GF P GNOG [HCD LO FU VLTHGO DLLJ PLFHQ ONG GI EHTQ [HFLGD
DSQG RHOD UH GSZ [DNN DLLJ HSLC OLE[ [HFLGD LDG ]KLO GIN [HFLGD [JC ]HSZO DLHJQ PC GSZ [DNN UOLH
LDEO L[G ]HUFG ON LFL ]CYO O [HFLG OU GOHFE JHH[Q [HUL ]OUQ JNHQ CGL DLLJ HSLCF CQLS LCH JLZT GQ[]
GI OU HC GI OU LO CLYHGO PC QWSH PLSHC[D C]LCFN HGHDLLJ [DN GSZD PE PYQHYQ [HUL
COO ODC [HFLGG [HDU RHQQ CLYHGO DLHJQ GQN FU Z[ CHG RHFLSG C[QEG ]HUQQQ ZLLFO L
[FGO HO RLC HOQ EH[]C HO L PFC POHC HO RQFIG []HLD [FHGQG ]C ]JZO DLLJ RHQQ ]CYHG
HO RLC LQ MC JLZT GQ[] DSQ U PLZTHWG HD]N RN []HL [FHGQ CHG PEG [JC O OU M[DO
[JG ]OLC LWU HO RQFIS []HLD GWLG OU M[DO DLLJ [JC O OU M[DQH EH[]C
H[W PLSHC[GQ L GDZG OQ MOLCH RCNQ C[QED H[QC LOQ []HLD
[HFLGO LOQ []HL VC VLTHGO ML[Y HULEL LWNQ []HL RHQQD GDZG HSSJ PFC JDG PZL]UGH
GHYQ
HOQ VLTHGO ML[Y LO FU G ]HHYQG [U GQNJ ]LC[ H[WTD CFLH HGLOC LD[ RHO HI
JLKDG GDZG HO C[ZS HLLJ LFH HZHJ PJO LN ]HYQG [FGO LFN HLLJ ]C ZJHFH HULELQ [QHON
GDZG HO RQLI PC [QHON GDZG O MOLCH RCNQ [D ONO PJO R]HS [QCS GZHJ PJOD GL[D ON
PLTNSD UWHQ HSLC PCH GDZG O HGIH LO OU VLTHL PLTNSD UWHQ CHGH HN[Y OU []HL RHQQ
RLQFHZ HLLJ
HSLC POHUO FLQC HSLC RLDH FLQC LC RLD ZHOLJ RLC P]KLOH RN H[W CO PL[WQG DH[ PSQCH
RHEN ]H[G L[HFLGD LOQ []HL CLYHQG PFCD RLLUO LH@ P YGUDH OGCDDH HZT P DSQ U LOQ []HL DLLJ
FDC[ LHQS GQ[
>]HHYQD RN DLLJ HSLC PCG PLFEDH KHGL[D
LO VLTHGO LFN HLLJ ZHJFO DLLJ PCG PLQYQHYQ HL]HSHIQ PFC OU PLZTHWD ]HSH ]HUF L RNH
[]HL GF P OGCD U DHLJ RLC UHNO [WCH GHYQ [HFLGO
]HC[W[WH PLSLSU PLQUK
X[W ]N[D
VTN GH
NGU
HLOUDO DLL
GUQG GHUG RQ []HL GUQG OHFE H[QC GQ GID IQ[O L GHYQD LO FU GHYQ [HFLGD
GQYU GHYQG GHU HSLLG GHUGQ []HL OHFE CHGH GHYQG LO FU GHYQ [HFLG ]HD] LC[
LJ ON LSLU D CDHQ
[N H[QC GI FHQOO L ]HWTH]H L[WQ GDZG OQ MOLCH RCNQ HOQ LO FU
ODZQ HDHLJ LFNQ []HL GHU LQ ODC HLOU OKHQG HDHLJ ]C GHUD HGI CNLO CQOU LCGD GHYQ
JQL QU ZFY DLQD PH QU GOQ ]JL [WT VHTD RGNG Y[O L]NQ PLKHZO U GIG POHUD PE H[N
MO OGHCQ PLHDOKLK Q[O GQ
V]HQG OU GQO GU FZQO GQ GU RNQ RLD GCHHGG OU FT QU GSHL GOU U FQU OYI MDY[Q GSHL D[G
O PGDHE ]LDG UZ[Z OU PFLQUGH GQO GU PLWTHSG PLDH[NG RLSU ]C [LDTQ CHG HL[DF MH]D PGLSLD GSHG OUH
CHG MN HL[DF MH]DH RNQG GDHE LOO HULEG GQ LDH[N PN ]LDG GDHEQ LON HSLLG ]HQC [U HOC PLDH[N
D]HN
[HUL O H]HGQ ]C CHG RLDQ OIJ L[HUL OH G[H] L[HUL O ZHQUG PQUKD Z[W UFHL LQ ON
DH[ RLLFU HLDEOH HSL []HLD OHFEG KHULQG MC KHULQ CHG LO HGCYQL PHZQ OND LO
POFHED PGQ GOUQO PLKHULQ L MC PG PLKHULQ UD[ QHJ ]H] LULDG ZOJG HFESN
L][QC GI CLG LO [HUL O H]HGQ HFESN DH[ HLDEO RLCH [DFG O HKHULQ HSLC [DN LYJG
HLDEO L KHULQ O RHLOUG OHDE FU ULEG [DN ODC HLO CHG [DFG ON O KHULQ LOG [CS
PLS LW DH[ FHU
LOQ []HLD G[FGO GHYQG GHUO PLQNJ HGHDLLJ CO LO FU H[HUL GHYQ [HFLG OQO RNO
KHULQG FU HGHDLLJ LO FU ODC KHULQ ]L[ZLUG GHYQGH [ZLU [HFLGG OWKG GLGL FU
VSU LLO LSH LON OLFEG [HUL GLGL ]HLYLY LLHS GHYQG [ZLUO [HFLGG VLTHL []HLD OHFEG
GSGNH GSGN FHUH []HLD OHFEG MC KHULQ [CLGO OLFEG OU KO ]HJSQ
ELGO PLOHNL PLDH[NH ]HLJ COH PFC RD CO GSHLOU GHFZ ]EGD [QCLGO C[DT GS]LS RNOH
GSLN [ZLU PHZQ PLFZG FHZD RNOH PH[Q LQH[QD GSL GHFZG ON O KHULQ COC POHUO
RLGL LQH IUL LQH H[CLL KHULQ [FED GSLNG LCHS PLSHLOUD ]L]LQCG G]HFZ PLSH]J]D
O HKHULQ PLDH[NG PFC LSD LSWO HLGL G[KQNH CQEHFN ELLH PQH[]L GELGOH GLOC PQH[]GO
HQQH[]L MN LFN FU CO PC LOG CHGH []HLD OHFEG KHULQG MC PGDHED PG PLFZG FHZ
GKQO ]F[HL GSLNG RLCH RH]J]G POHUD GSLNO G[LF RLNGO PLOEHTQ PSLC PLDH[NG
VTHS PUK PLLJ ][H] UU
L VF
RN RLC GQ GO LHC[ HSLC [DF RLDH GO LHC[G [DF RLD OHNCO ]FUHQH [HDDQ CD [QHJ
OLUO TH]G PLON HGSLS LCQ GO LHC[ RLC [DF PLYU HGSLS LCQ GO LHC[G [DF [HDD
[HKW [HD LSWQ CHG [HKWG PUKH [HDG ODGD UZWLGO PLLHC[ PSLC PLOND [DHFQ H[CLD LN GF G
HO LHC[ HSLC [DF OU
PSLC PLOND PE DLLJQ GFHGL LD[ LN [HDD PLON LZIS OU DLLJQF GFHGL LD[O MQGD GZQNH
UU GQO ]JSQ LWU PLONG ]C ]HD[O [HQJ HC ES H][FD HD[]S PG PE HO PLLHC[
]QGHQ HFQO LW OU VC HD]N ]HWTH]G [HDD NCQ RLFZHQG LOHTW [H HD DLLJ [HG
PEG PFC ]]LQD [HKWO FJHLQ KHULQ ML[Y ]CI OND HO PSLC RLFZHQG LOHTW KUQO HO GLGL
GID PLFFYQ LH [HTC CL] JGHYZG ]UF GCSGD [HTC PC ]Q FDU RLSUOH HO HSLCH GCSGD [HTC ]QG
KUQ]G CO [HD [DFQ DH]NG RHLN KL RL[FGST ]UF VTHL UUH GQO ]JSQ KW CJ DZUL ]HD U
PFC COH [H COC HD
RCN HLHFLJD HSHO HIH G[DT O M[FD PL[DFG ]C [W ZTSLHHFQ GJQ [LCQ [ RHCEG
L RLZLIS O PLKWQG ON KUQNH ]LOON GKDG PGO L G[H]G LZHJF CNLC ZOJO C[DTF H[LW
CYQ]H RLLU LHSC OND EHQ PGO
NCQ GOZ] GHU MLCH [ZWG PHZQD MOGO ]H[ PGO L PLLJLOUD ONF G[H]G GDLLJ [HDDH
OUH FDO GKLJD GOLNC []LG COC HO RLC Z[ HDOJDH GFHDUH GILED [HTCF RLFZHQGLOHTW [H
[KW GQ GIH POHUG C[HD O ]LOONG GKDG DKHZ GI HKJO HO GLG H]HC GGL LCQOH GFWS GI
H]SHHN HO ]QG RLC [HD RSL[WQ MNOH GI MLL CO PFCD ODC LOON ZHJO GI ZZJH ZQGHTW
RLFZHQGLOHTWO
HFES]G PC ODC GI O H]DLIUO HQLNTGN [DHFQH "FLDUZ LCQ [KSLQ LQS HGLC HCODF COC
LWU PLDLLJ POHN H][LQQ HSQYU PLZOTQ HSC PE [HQO GYH[ MSLC PC HO H[QC HC H]DLIUO
CLE ZD CHIJ MN OU ZOHJ RLCH C[G
POO PL[QHG [CO RLC PC RCN HSF CO ODC G[LQD CHG UHW PC FDOD ZLIQ RLFQ ZO]TS GI O HDHLJD RCN RHFLSG@
]C HO UH[WO HN[KYL MN [JC COC IOI PLD[U POHN PL[QHG LOHC LN ]HD[U RLFQ P[HDU POO DLLJ CHG [WC
>GQO ]JSQH Z[EG LHFJ IU LT L[ M U UW CO PC [KWS CHG LWO HQHO]
COIC HGLC HCODF COC CKLW COIC CO HGLC HCODF LC LQF LNLG GOLDJD GD[Q CNLC CGH
CLDGO LFN GQYU LSWD GD L HIN ]HQND GOLDJD GD[QG RLFD PLSHC[G HZOJS FLDU CZ LCQ
PL[QHC L ]W[HH PHZQ H]HCO GULEQ CG G]LG GI O HLHDL[ COO PE COC VH[OH CG ]C
FHUH ZQK U DLLJ RHC[G Z[ PL[QHC LH TH] PLDLLJ PGLS
GC[S DLLJ GD[QG CGL HSLYQ CO RHC[G O CD JHKD HSHLONH LFEG ZOFHG [DN PC PSQC
[JC CD G[U [HD ]QEHFNH HGHSLNG PGLS L[GH ZISG OJ]HG CO RLLFUN COC HZOJS CO
PGL]HOLDJ PLSC GQJ HJLSG RHEN ZISG OLJ]G [DN PC ODC PLDLLJ PGLS PL[UO HQLOGH
[JC CDH >]HOLDJG ZHOLT LFL OU GOLYGO [WC LC [DN RWHCD@ GJHKD [DN G]]LQH GQGD OU
EW QHJ UHD ZTWSN [HKW RH[JCG ]HOLDJ VLTHGH
CGQ OLYGO [WC GLG CO PC PE DLLJ ZLIGO LFN GD L C LHDL[D PLDLLJQG ]UFO GC[SH