RHUQ Q P D]HNN GI L[G DLLJ JHS] GY[] PHZQ OND [QC CO HOLWC PL[DHT LH
IY ]DD PLWTHS PLK[W UU P J[H TH] L[WN COF IY ]D L[LCQH CD[ CNEL ]D PDQ[U
LHO] [DFG Z ]D FL[ CD[ TH] PLSHC[ GQN L[DFO UD[C H C Y Q S H PL] RHHN]S D
EU ]DD CD[H LLDC ]ZHOJQD
HZLJD ]JSHQG RDCD [LNG CO PC MNOG GEED EEH GULFL HO G]LGN CZHF CHG JYH[O ]HOE DHLJ E
DLLJ GJNH GD [LNG [HKW GOWSH FQUH
LSWQ RN H[F RCN Z[ EEHD DOJ ONHCD RHEN GOLJ]D GULFL ML[Y RLC ]HEE [CD POHCH
TH] GD[G ]HEE G[WD HD]NS
RHOD L[WH GIO K[W GFY CO [CQ HKULQ GSHQH UD[C HC UD[C Z[IH PL] ZH[IO RLHN]S
]HOEQ KUQ]S ][JC RHO IHCD [D ZJYL LD[ KZS RNH ]HOE ][H]D COC FLIL LNH ][H]D HSLC ]JC
]HOED [WN]Q HSLCH FLIQO DH[Z CHG LWO FDC[H PDQ[ J[ ]UF RNH ZH[IO RHHN]SH GFY GI L[G
PLLHYQ PLD[ PHZQD CZHF >L[D GSH[JC RHON@ ]HOEQ [HKW GI VTHL LZHQSD D]N
GOHE PLLHYQ PLD[G RLC PHZQD ODC MN OU UFL CO CHG HOLWCH P
RHHN]L FU ']J:H
h [QHC ED[ ]H[JO CYL ]H[HQCG ]HEEGQ ]JCD HS HC HFDU RLU CLYHG F
G]JO
[DHU CQLTH GJW LUQD HFL KLHG RHEN FDU O H]DHKO RHHN]S PEH RLUO RHN]S CO PC
RHHN]S HC H]DHKO RHHN]S WUC RLUO RHHN]S PC ODC PLQNJO HOLWC [HKW GLUQD
RLC HL[DFOH ][JC M[FD [LW FDC[GH FN RLHFZ LWU TH] CO RLUO RHHN]S CO WUC H]DHKO
MND ZOJO [HZQ
]H[JO CYHL HSLC [DCO OON RLHN]S CO PC PLQNJO PE ]QCG LWO PL[QHC LH
UQQ UH[I [HCD MC PDQ[G ]UFD CLG PLFDU OG GSQ VTN LWU RLHFZD CLEHTG ]HUQQNH
PLQNJ ]UFO ]H[JO CYL CLEHTD [CHDQ
IN HN PLWF
IL OLUO [CD]S OZQD H[DH [JC CDH EEG C[Q LON Z[I RLF
"ROGOF PL[ZQD RLFG GQ IS
RZOLTH HQYU CHG HC [JC CDH PL[N HL]J] HLGH EEG C[Q LON Z[I C
VLLTD HODZH [JC CDH EEG C[Q ZHSL] Z[I D
HLS[ZD HODLZH [H CD E
GCD UZ]SH EEG C[Q OWS F
LLDH ZLIGH JH[D EEG C[Q OWS G
]QH H[DJ O HDO OU ]OJE JLSG H
V[SH HLSWD H[DJ O HFED OU I
H[DJ O H[HH HFDU OU J
FWZ
CQZ CDD PHNLTO ]HDH]H ]HOC
[HKW PZOTH CHG PFZ HC PZOTH [JC CD ]H]TN HC PL[N HL]J] HLGH EEG C[Q LON Z[I GD[ [QC C
[DLO HWHT RLC L[G HLYJ HZTW GNOGG RQID L[G
GNOGO ODC LQ[EF CSLF RF HSLC HQUKO GD[H LQ[EF CSLF RHFLSD [DFG LHO] D]N VL[G C
RN LHQSG D]NH HU RL[FGSTD R[GH LQ[EF CSLF T[KSHZD RDQ[G ]UF RNH DLLJH LQ[EF CSLF PLSF
PL[WQG HQLNTG
HSD[ C[G L[LCQG R]SHGL HSD[ CD[G [HKLUG FDC[ EGD [D L[ TH] L[ PLSHC[ GD[G ]UFH
ZILSG [DFG VHED GUQ GU CO RHLN RLZILSD CQ[E CLG PL[NG ]OLKS ICL[H PJH[L
>TSZ ][H]D DLLJ CQ[E ON ICL[G ]UFH@
L DLLJ LSG LONG OUD PGQ FJC PCH PLDLLJ PGLS I ZLIQH ODHJ PDQ[G ]UFOH
DLLJ RLZISD CQ[E [DHT LWO PL[WQ LH LQ[E DJS RHC[G Z[HIG H]UFD PL[DHTG
FOZ MLOC P[GQ ]HDH FZT JL] FZT HW M HW PL[HDEG LKO U
HZOTL ]UFG OU ]HOUGO HO L PHZQD GC[S CLYHGH GF EO ROGO TH]G RHO KWQ D
L[G GLHYQ JH[ N GI RLC [HKW POHUO KZS CLD CHIJG POHCH DLLJ PL[NG ]C
PC D]N LQ LH [HKW ZOTO C[Q RSN] HQYUD CHG PC RNH G[LJD [D CHG ZOTQG
GNOGD CQ[EH GUQ UH LSLQLG FHQU LWU DLLJ ZOTO OHOU [JC UFL
H]HQN GNOG ODC PNTHQ HSLC GD[ O HSLF [CHDQ EO CD[D E
DLLJ [DSH RDCG OU LONG KDJSH PDE OU RDC JLSGH [JC CDH PL[N HL]J] HLGH LON Z[I F
FL[G HSZI PD ICL[ JLSQG
PCG PLQNJH C[L]D RD GFHGL LD[ ]ZHOJQ VLLTD HODZH [JC CDH EEG C[Q ZHSL] Z[I GD[ [QC ED
H]]LQ ]C D[LZ LSWQ DLLJ HC PFC WS ON WSG ON ]CNG RCN RLC LSWQ [HKW
[WHN LQHO] PCG PLQNJH CZH[D RD RSJHL LD[ O HSD OCUQL LD[ ]ZHOJQ HLS[ZD HODZH [H CD
L[ GU G]HCD PLQF ZILSO RLC L[GH ZILS LQF HC ZLIQ LQF
E[G H[H L[G [HG OUD DLLJ ZILS LQF [WHN PC L[WQ MWGO [WQ OCSSJ HSD[ C
HOLWC RCNH [WHN POO HLOU TJ CSQJ[H E[G HQYUD CHG HOLCN [QHON ZLIQ LQF PCH
H[H ]EL[G OU [WHN POQ HSLC >PLQNJO@ DLLJ GLG CO HQYU CHG
ZLIQ LQF FQOH PLQF HO RLC LWO ZILS LQF FQO [HKW PGLS LWO [LW L[LCQGH
G[WN ML[Y RLC LWO
[HKW LSGH DLLJ]GO HO L Z[HIG IL OLUO U C[ZLUQ []D PLNOHG FYG LWO PL[DHT L D
FLD OICG RDC IL FHF ]OJS U PLSHC[ [C ]UF RN RLCH RDQ[ LWU ONG L[DFO
ODC FLIQO DH[Z CHG PL[DF GUD[CD DLLJ GCD UZ]SH GLHYQ JH[D EEG C[Q OWS GD[ [QC F
MNO RHHN]S CO L[G [HKW ]HD LQHO]D
>L[ GCLD PO RHHN]SH ][JCD GWOJ]S EEHO GQHF GI RLCH GCLDO RHHN]S CO GSZ CO H]QDLD@
GC[SN CD[ [HKW LNG HCOD ODC UHW CHG IC GKQO GCG P G]LGN CZHF [D]TQ
GOUQO GLGN G]HC GC[ HC USQLGO HO GLGH GOUN GKQO G]LG GSHHNG
RLCH PL[DF GUD[CD [HKWH ZISG OU DLLJ LLDH ZLIGH GLHYQ GSLC JH[D EEG C[Q OWS GD[ [QC G
LHQS [HQE TSHC [FED GI
GWZ
]UF VTHL
OSN [HQE TSHCD HOLWC ZISD PLDLLJQ L L[QEO GLHYQ GSLC G[UT JH[D OWS
DLLJ H[QC COH GLHYQ GSLC JH[ OND PL[KHW LH [HKG ]UFD JU JDU PL[KHW LH DW
[HKG ]UFD DLC ODHJ QJO GLHYQ JH[D PE OHNL GLG PC COC
H]CSGO OHWLO OLJ]G [JCO HLOU MWG]S PCH ]HDG OU [HKWH PL[DF GUD[CD DLLJ GLHYQ JH[D
G Z L I J G H GFL GJOH LLDO RHHN]S CO LWUC ZLIGO RHHN]S RLFN ]HDG OU VC DLLJ
HLDQD
l
]HD[O
HGHOLWG HOLWC [D]TQH GLHYQ GSLC JH[ RLSUO DLC PDQ[U TSHCD OWSN PE CHG MWG]QD DHLJG C
JSQ U [HQE TSHCD PL[JC
LQHO]D DLLJ GC[SG PHZQD HZLIGH ]HD P RLC GC[S HSLC PHZQD HZLIGO RLHN]S D
GC[S HSLC PHZQD VC ]HD L DUT GT ]HDH]N TH]UH FDC[ ZLIGO RLHN]S L[G ]HD
QD RDQ[
[HTQO POHUG M[F RLC GZOTO GIO GLG [HKW ]QH H[DJ O HDO OU ]OJE JLSG GD[ [QC JH
HLOU ODLZH JLSQG ]C H[]G HOLWCH LHQS HQYUO FLTWG CHG MNOG PL[JC DLLJO LFN G]LQO PWS
C[ GC[]G
JLSQG GC[S HU COH RN ]HUO HONL P HLG PL[JC COC HQYUQ [LTGO OHNL GLG CO
U JSQD FFY RN [HQE JYH[
>[HKWO ]SQ OU HO [QC CO ON DLLJ LFN [D L]HTN U[Z RLFN@ DLLJ V[SH HFED OU
HSHQQN [HGH HWHEN FDUG KWH H[H OU ZW]TS RNH HFDU OU JLSGD GD[ ZW]TS
DLLJ HOYC GLG CO PC ODC G[LTGO HFLDH HOYC HD[ PC COC FDUD H[KW CO PL[QHC L C
RDQ[GO G ]HQJOQD HI GUF GCDHG HWHE OU OHJQO FDUG FLD RLC
]Q PC UQQ@ ]Q COH FDUG ZIHGH HOYC FQHU HD[H ]HWN FDU OU JLSQD H[LW TH]G D
>DYH [HKW CKGL[ PHWO UQQ C[D HOLCH L[LCQG NNH KHW [DFN LHQSG KZS RNH DLLJ
]UF L [HKW ]HWN HSLCD ODC H[LTGO HJ HSLCH P FQHU HLOUDH ]HWN [H RNH
WH JJL] CQ[UH ]UF HD RLC RKZ FDU GG D]NH LHQS U PLZOHJ LH H[LTGO [HD
IN VF LLO Z[W
ZIHGN RLFG GQH "[HKW HC DLLJ [DHG PCG H[DH HD OZ]SH [JC CDH PLD[G ]H[D FNG ]C JLSQG JS
"HD
COQQD GFLQUG D[ HS]SQD HS MN [HKW H[DH HD OZ]SH [JC CDH PLD[G ]H[D FNG ]C JLSQG
OCHQH CD[ PD FLDI D[ [HKW OZ]S COD [D HOLWC RLFG CHG GI LWOH ]HLDJ GOHN PLD[G ]H[
>CUF[GSD GUQ OCHQ GU RNH@ DLLJ LNG HCOD ODC ]LHI R[ZD RSJHL LD[H GOLWCD FLQUG
H]NLOGD RLLUO ML[Y PFC L[G
PLN[FD RSHD]GO PFC LSD O PN[F RLC LWO CHG [HKWG PUK LCUOC COHU PD H[QC CD[UQDH
ZLIQG DLLJ ONG L[DFO FDG ]LDO GNHQTG ]LHI R[ZD RHEN PLFN P JLSGO M[FG RWHCD POHCH
POO DLLJ GD[ CD[ ]C[HG ]C CWW D[ FLQUG RN [GILGO MOHGG ML[Y
]H[ COLQ GOG LWUC GSHHND [D ODC OZ]S CZHFH HZISD DLLJ FNG OUD PFC GD ZIHG PC
CD[ PD I[ HQYU ]C ZLIG [DHG [HKW ]HLDJ GOHN PLD[G
HWZ
CQZ CDD PHNLTO ]HDH]H ]HOC
[HKW Z L I G H OZ]S PCH PLN[FD RSHD]GO PFC LSD M[F RLC HZTW FL[GH IHCGH VL[G C
LHQS U PLON P JLSGO ]H[ RLC ON LFFY PHZQD PE COC GQYU PLD[G ]H[D Z[ COH
ROGO U PL[KHW LH LHQS [HDUO PHZQ HO L DLLJ PLFLD [D ODC
]H[ COQQD HC ]LHI R[ZD HC GOLWCD FDOQ DLLJ OZ]SG HZTW ICL[H [HKLUG OUDH
J ]HC VHT LD UYH GG ICL[ LZTWD UUH ]HLDJ GOHN PLD[G
]H[ GLG LWUC PL[QHC LH@ DLLJ FNG OUD HKZS PLSHC[ FHUH TH]G Z I H G H OZ]S
OUD RLC HKZS ICL[GH FL[G HOLCH >R]SHGL HSD[H L[LCQD U FNH HWO LFN P FNG JLSGO
M[FD RLLU CO HQYUD UW ZILSG ]LHI R[ZD HC GOLWCD OZ]S GOG PC FDOQ DLLJ FNG
H]NLOG
OUD ZIHG [DHG PC MC [HKWH PLFLD GOG [DQ ]HLDJ GOHN PLD[G ]H[ COQQD D
WH ICL[ CEG [HKW ]HLDJG
]CLSD H]NLOGD FH[K GLG PC PLFHQ OCHQH D[ VC UQQ HLHFJD FDC[G L[DFQ E
FLQUGO HN[YHGH CHG THSC OZ]S [QCF RCQO [HKW [DH OZ]SH GQGD ]EGSGD HC CQ
CHSN ]LNWG C[DT KN OLSHOQ L[D UH UHW OZ]S FQO PE GSQG [WO LFN PLFJHLQ PLSWHCD
[]HL [GILO HO L CQ
KUQ HWO LFN FNG ]C JLSGO ]H[ L LWUC R]SHGL HSD[ H[LWDH L[LCQD [CHDQ F
FDOQ PLC[HQC [CO R]SHGL HSD[Q UQQ [G[ COQQD RHEN ]H[D CO PL[DF JLSGNH@ [HKW OZ]SG
>RN GC[S RLC [CDH [HKW HD GSLH [JC CDH GSQG ON PHQ [HKW PLFLD [DQG VC D[
[DHG DLLJ ]LHI R[ZDH GOLWCD VC O[GQ D]N L[YUF CS[Z RHEN JLSGO M[FG PHZQD G
JHL[H OCHQO HL[DFQ [CHDQH C[H VL[ ]UF [LW RN ]HLDJ JKG ON ]C COQQD CO MC
HZIHG HOLWC HZTW DDL] UHHKH HEL PDQ[G HOLCH UYH P]HQN GNOG RLC COC [HKW
FNG OUD DLLJ GOWCD PL[JC
" FN HO R]LO OHNL PCG ]LDJ H[DJO [NHQG KS
PHZQD [QC GQ LWN ZHLFD R]LO DLLJ P]HQD PGD PLSLJDQ PHZQD ]LDJ HC FN H[DJO [NHQG
HO R]LO [NHQG OHNL FN ]LDJOH ]LDJ FNO PLC[HZ KHULQH ]LDJ ]LDJOH FN FNO PLC[HZ DH[G
DH[G [JC RHQQD PLNOHG RLC RN PLC[HZ KHULQG RQ CHG GSUKD FN
PLSHZG@ DH[G [JC PLNOHG RJES CYQSH H[DJO [H [NHQD [QC D[O HOLWC TH]D H[LW C
RNH LSC KHULQG RQ LQYUD LSC UFHL [QHO OHNL GFHQ RCN ]HUK JZQ GI L[GH >GL[JO
GSH ZHQLSQ FDC[G NNH O[GQ KZS
]C PLULLTQ PLQFG PC Z[H DH[G [JC RCN PLNOHG D[O OL TH]D FJC H[LW LWOH
PLNOHG RLC ZIJHQG
L KHULQFKHULQO PLHJ RLCH HL[JC PLNOHG PT[HWQH UHFL DH[GN
PC POHCH ZIJHQG RQ CLYHGO HOLWC PLULFHQ PLQFG PLQFGQ GLC[ L PC HFFY TH]G D
RLC PL[DHT LH PLULFHQ PLQFG RLC TH]D UQQ GZIJOH DH[O ]FEHSQ PLQFG ]LLC[
PLQFG RLC RKZ [WGD PL[QHC LH LHQS CEG U ZIJHQGQ CLYHGO PLULFHQ PLQFG
LH L[LCQD U PLULFHQ
]LDJ LO CLD] FU PLQF R]C CO [QHO OHNL ZIJHQ JZHOGN RLFG RN PLSHC[D [CHDQ E
IWZ