[DN H[DF OJL COD [DHU ]HQSHZ HUD] CO CNGQ GL][GICH [Z ONHC COH ONHC
UDG HC [FS [FL
b LN [HWQD [QCSNH GUHDD PE [HQC OJL CO FHUH TH]U PLSHC[G H[W
HSUFL [DN GUHDO LN ]HQSHZ PHQ ]N[YS OJL CO ][GIC [ZLU COC H[DF OJL CO GUD
l
CDKL[G D]N RN RN GC[S RLC HL[DF ]HKWQ LN PC RCN L[ RHO ]C PHOGO L RNH [HTLC
RNH ED ]HUHD OG FDC[GQ ZLLFO L RNH CDGOF GUHDD OJL ODF HCO OU RLZHO RLC PDQ[G L[DFQ UQQ POHCH
L[IU LDCDH RLHCO ]OWNG OU RLZHO RLC H]KLO PDQ[G EC ]HUHD GSQ VTND CDHQ DL[G [WH L[LCQD [HWQ
HUD] CO D PLOHON PSLC PLWTHS PL[DF OOHN OJL CO COGH RLHCO ]OWNGO RLSU GI RLC G[HCNO HL[DF OU GQ] P
P [CDH GUHDD OJL ODF HCO RLC PL[DF O PKHWN RLDGH JHL[ PD LQLF D[N ZTW PDQ[G FJ RWHCD [WH
GIH OJL CO F HCO GLOU MLL RLC MNOG ]L[Z GUHD CLG C[ZLUQ H]UHD L[G [ZO LQD HUD] CO OU [DU RHLN
]UHD HI CG] H]UHD OU [HDUL PC LHOLE COC HSLC GUHD RLSUO ODC [FS LDE COC HCO ]H[HGO CD CO DH]ND [CHDQ
L[ LHFJ OU C[LW Q[EG ]H[UGD M[F G]HC RLUN UUH FDOD [ZO LQD HUD] CO F HCO OU [DHU CYQSH [Z
][JC M[F QU IQ PL[FS POG KS[EG LHFJD UUH O ]HC CEQ
GUHDD HLOU ]HZOO RLC M[YS HSLC GUHD RLSUOH [FSD ]HZOQ OU FQOO M[YS HCOG RHLN DL[G ]SHHN [WO GC[SH
COC [FSD SHU FQOO M[YHG RCN VC [JC SHU OLDD D]NGO M[YHG [DN G]LQ ][GICO CD HCO OU RLZHO RLC RLSUNH
GUHDD HLOU RLZHO RLC DH [FS M[HYO CD H[ZLU G]UH PGLS OOHN GIG HCOG L[G GUHDO [JC HCO [HZQ GLG COHOLC
PL[FSG RLSUO Z[ GSQS RLHCOG RLSQD VC [LUGO LH@ HLOU RLZHO RLC COC C[ZF GLKWN GI HCOD [DHU GUHDD PE POHUOH
HQHZQQ LC CYL OC H C H[UD] CO RLSUO DHLN HSLYQH ]HUHDH PL[FS ]HNOG ]JL]WDH ]HHYQG [WTD ]HUHDG RLSUO COH
GCYHGH G[UDGD DH]NG KW RLSUO COH RLQHJ] [HTLCH ]DD FD ]]LQ ]ULSQ [FG RLSUO RLHCO PDQ[G PDLJG
GD L L[G [Z ]UHD PE OOHN C] CO F ]HUHD ]HNOG ]JL]WD IDF[G D]N GQ GIO GQHFH >DFL ]HEE PDQ[U
CO F HCO GD RLC GUHDO Z[ SHUO FJL]S CHG LN GI HCO OU [Z ]UHD OND RLZHO RLC QQH CHO PLQ P ]CLS
HUD]
GQ FDOQH [FS RLSU QQ CLG ]H[LISG PHQ [DU PLLK[WG PL[HTLCG PHQ GZHO PEG OJL CO OU GZHO [LIS GQH
H[FS [HDLF ]C OOLJ PE L[G HNH RLL G]
Z[ DH]N ]H[DFG ][UD PEG [HQH [HNI CLS]FN H[QCS FJC [HDLFDF FJC [DF LCQH
[Z ]UHDO RLSU HGS] CHO RLSU HSLC PC ]HOLWNGQ H[F RSJ]CH [FTDH H[]L [FTD CHO
[ZH CH C] CO OC[LO GDZG [QCNH [ZO LQD HUD] CO [JC PHZQD GLOU HS[GIHG
CH [ZO LQD HUD] CO PHL PLUD[C P]HCD GQO HO [QCN RNH FJC [HDLFD PGO [QC
CEQ RD L[ FJC [HDLFD [QC [ZH
LN VCH C H FU ]HSH[JCDH [ Z FU MU[D GSU] CO DL]N ]HSHC[G ]H[DFD [JC H[LW
CO O RLSU HGS] GSU] COF HCOO RLSU HSLC PCD HGH[F CH PGLSD [QCS GUHD [HTLC RLSUO
OQZ GF CN ROGO TH] UH CDKL[ LWU ]HZOQ RLSUO PG FJC [ZH CH C]
CN VF
]C TH[EO RLC D]N CDKL[G PFCO UHFLG ]C ]HSO UDS CH ]UHD CLG HI LC
COH L]ONC RSJHL LD[ [QC GQ OU CL[GQ ]HZGO HO GLG CWLTGQ GZQ FU RN PC UHFLG
IS
]UF VTHL
J[ H[LWD UQQ RNH
CZHF UHFLG ]C ]HSO UDS CHG CHG H[QC C]LL[DD COGH CH L]ONC
GI HQN UH PT[HWQ HSLCH PL[JCO UHFL HC HQYU UDSO UHFLG ]C [WO L CQH UHFLG ]C ]HSO T[E CEQ RD L[D
L[UH CH ]UHD CLHG PFC PHO UHFL HSLCH U[C [DFD UDS PE GC[S GLG HKHWD POHCH GN ROGO PLLJ ][H]D
UDSD GG OL NCH [H[Y LSHOW ZH[IL RHEN CH ]UHD LHG HFLD HSLC FL]UG OU UDSG GN ROGO CEQ RD L[H
[DUOD NCQ CHO CLG GQYU GUHDD [NLS FL]UOD ZOJO PHZQ L PSQC PFC PHO UHFL HSLC GLG [DN [DF OU
OLH ]HCLYQG ]ULFL MH]Q COC [NLS RLC
TH]G HSLLY [DN PD H[LDJ ]C OOZQH [QLQ UDSQ XHJ HLOU RLZHO RLC GUQ HD RLCH
]HZOQ PGD DH]N LWO P]HSO J CO COC PGLOU PLZHO GUQ COO PLWTHS RLHCO PSL
HLOU PLZHO RSJHL LD[ [DHT GQLTJF HCO L FHUH U[ P CLYHQH RLQQHI PLFU PGH H[LWD
G[HQ]F HCO RNH OHNCOQ GUSQS HOHZ LFL OU GUQ GUS H[HDLFD LSWQ OHZD GQTJN HOLWC
E G[HQ]D CDHQN
PHQ GZHO PL[DFD H[DJ ]C [UYQ GSCQG HD]N PLSHC[ GQN L[DF [WO L GID CYHLNH
RN]L GUQ GID RLC WUCH GW] P[GQ ]H JN[ QHJ GQ LN[FD CDHGH QDF FW LNF[Q U GCSHCF HCO
OHZD GQLTJO GQHF GI L[G HFNH C[HLJ C]CH CZQHT OLICH GOG LLD]S H[HDLF LFL OU RHLN
DK JJ LHOG KD ]H LWU ]HCLYQD PH[ [NLS H[HDLFD
GC[SG RQH GW[ MHSLJG [WTD D]NH GZHO DC JDIQ L[HTLC PDQ[G D]N PHQ OUD LFZQG RNH
GZHO PHQOUD LFZGQ D]N OI PDQ[G L]LC[ ODC GUQ HD RLC LWO ]HZOQ GID GLGL CO
G[H]H UQS HLOCH CHG FZG GIH GI GUQ HD RLC WUCH ]HZOQ HD L [LQQN HGUL LOHCH
GSQ PJOD NNH GUQ FLDU]C C[HDLFD LWO HQUK [W MHSLJ ]JSQDH CHG ]HCDY G MCOQ LN HGLWQ ZDS
FCS DJ TLESUD [I[EG LHFJ UUH [JC RWHCD [W CLG PHNU GCLQJ L[IU LDCDH
[ZO GUHD LU PD PC FHZG FHDND GULEWH OHIOI PSLSU GUQ COD ]HZOQO HD[]S RLHCOG ON MHSLJG ][DT LWO@
RLQHQ LOUD LFZQDH [QLQD FZG O XWJD PC PD H[DJ OOZQ HC
HDLJG DH]NG OHELW RHENH ]HSD[ZD GDJQ LOHTW RLSUO GUQN PLDJS [HDLFGH GDJQG PLFZD HSLYQ ]HOONDH
PLDJS GDJQD FZG L[FS HSLYQ RNH DJQD COC [DFQ HSLC PEG LLOG PHLD ONCL ONCG PCH OUHWD GUQN
> HN ROGOFN RLOHJD PL]W LHKLDN
H]HC RLZSQ RLC GOUQ O RLF ]LD GZSL CO LN CHO MLZOC G P ]C C] CO C[Z [QC
[N]QH@ GKQ O RLF ]LD SHUQ H]HC PLZSQ H[LW H]HC RLZSQH H]HC RLZOQ GKQ O FD ODC
GUHDG RHHU HO [WN]Q RLC GOUQO RLFQ GZHSQ HSLC RLLFU ODC >PL]DG [WT GZOQ ]HFUO CHG
RGO [WN]Q RLC CHO UDSG GZHO LWUC CDL ]HUHD PDQ[G L[DFNH RLHCO [CDN ]HZOQD
OHFEG PG OU HSQQ U[W]L FU PLQ RLFQ RHLZS GIO RLC G GZSL CO LN [QCS HOHN GUHDG RHU
PLLJ ][H] LWU ]H[LDUG ONQ []HL GI RHUQ [GIGO PFC ML[Y MNLWO OOLJ
CG SHU ]ODZ COD G GZSL CO LN [W]Q HL[DFOH L[QEO GZHSQ ]HZOQG LFL OU FDC[G ]UFH
PLQ LFLD SHUQ PE H]HC PLZSQH RLZOQ FD GZSL RLF ]LD ]HZOQ LFL OU
[HDUL RLHNO OHNL G[]QG RLC LWO L[W ZWT ]C[]G GHGF PHQ GZHO HSLC [QC LZO L[H
UHFL RLC RHLN GC[]G HI RLC RQIG ON HD H[]L PC VC MN PHQH GC[]G O [HDLF LFN MH]D PHLG
[JG ]OLC LWU ]DLLJQG CLG GC[]G HILC
JS
CN VF ]HUHD
FHU RQIG ON MQD HC ONC COH OHNCO HO GLG GSH[JC GUD CLG G[LDUG RQI PC [DFG [FED RF [JG ]OLCD U
ZLHFQG UE[G ]C RLHNO [WC LC ZWT ]C[]G LHG COGH ]HZOQO GLLG L PC HZW]TG IL OLUO C[QEG L[DFQ P [LUG
HCO ]HZOQ P H[QC GQ GC[]G GQ CO ZWT ]C[]G FQOF HD]N P PLSHC[G RNCH GLLG LFN [HDUL CYL CO PC
GI LWOH ZWT ]C[]G HI RLC PYQYO [WC PLKZHS PC VTHS XH[L] CLDG CDKL[G COC CDKL[DH RDQ[D U CZHF
ZWT ]C[]G CLG [QC GI OUH PYQYO GZ OLE[ RWHCD [DLF LZO L[ G[HCNO [QHO ML[Y
LHO] RHLN [L]HGO [HTLC RHEN HC PHLG ONCL UDS RLDH P]GF GLLG [HUL HQN ZLHFQH [FEHQ RQI RLD ZOJO [WC MC
PHLG VHT O ZLHFQG RQIG ]C ]UFO OHNL PFCG RLC GOLOH PHLD
[QHO L NWUC GUHDG OOND HSLCH ]HQG RLD OU OON H]UF RLC PHL OU UDSN GDH]D R[G D]N GQ LWO VCH
RHUG [JC PLNOHG ONG HSLSQID GC[S PSQC MC ]HQG RLD RQI OLJ]Q HD ZLHFQG UE[G ]C PYQYO [WC LC PE
ZHLFD [UOH PYQYO R]LS PL[QHCG LWO GLLG RQIO GQHF GI L[GH ]ZLHFQ GU OU H]UF PHLG VHT FU ONCL UDSN L[G
PHLG VHTO HO [CS H]OLNC RQI ]C PYQYO R]LS RCN PE GLLGG RQI PH] FU PQ H]CLYL ]H[WC ]C
[Z VC [DUO CH GQ CHO GQHF [Z ]UHD G[H] G]DL[ H[LWD CD[ [QC "CS LCQH
ON OU H][LDUD L [DUOD CDGOF GUHDO [DUO GUHD RLD ZOJO PUK LH [DUO LQS
[CN COC [HTLC H[HDLFD RLC CDGOD RN CO HL]W ]QLZU ]HZQQ HDLLJO CKHI GUQ PLSW
HDLLJO G[H] G]DL[ CO GIDH CKHI GUQ COH GD[ GUQ RLC GU G]HCDH H]UHD PLLZOQ USQS
FOZ ZL[GQ ]H CEQ RD L[ LWU ]HZOQ
HL[DF [WO [JC RWHC OZ CJ FHL GQ ]H[EC ]HD UH CNF ]HUHD PDQ[G L[DF [WO L RNH
RHUQ LD[N CQOUD GSLQ UQ HCO COC DLLJ CHG ON ONCH ONHC CO GUHD DU
LSD RHOD PLFHQ ONG H]SZTQH RLSUD ML[CG CF ]HUHD MOQOGSQG GSLQ UQ GLO C[LDT
CDLZU LD[ ]ZHOJQH ]LINQ G]HJW GOLNC RLC G[H]DH ]LINQ ]HJWD VC MLL GOLNC EHQG PFC
HQYU OU [HTCO H]SHHN RLC HC PFC LSD RHOD GOLNC OU H]SHHN PCG ONHC CO GUHDD CLG PLQNJH
PL[HTLCD G[H] GS]S [HULN Z[
OLKQ HSLC L[G GOLNC ]DJS ]LINQ ]HJW HOLWC PLQNJ PLFHQ L]ONC UDSD [QHO L GI LWOH
HSHFO LH GOLNC ]HCLYQ OU TJLL]Q H[HDLF COC RL[HTLC [CN H]SHHN [QCS HQYU OU [HTLC
[G FFLY RN GOLNC OU PL[DFQN PFC LSD RHON
PLQNJ L[DF OU H]NLQT [ZLUH [DUOF GUHDO FL]UOF GUHD RLD ZHOLJ RLC KZS D ]HC IUHD OC[L ][CW] H[LWDH
]LINQ ]HJWD GOLNC [HTLC HSLYQ RNLG P]SHHN ]HJFO GC[S G[HCNOH DLLJ CHG CHGON ONHCD HSLYQ RNLG LNH ZU[O
G[H] L[HTLC [CO MLL GI RLC GLG [DN GQ OU [DFQN ODC ]LINQ ]HJW OHNCO HQYU OU [TC [WS DHLJ RLSUO
]LIN MN PHQ ML[YS
] H H Y Q D PE LN MOQO GSQG ][DTO PE [LW L]C GIH ONHC CO O GQHF P OC[L][CW]D KZS ONHC UDSNH
]LIND GOLNC P G[H]G
H]UF HKHW UGC [IS LSDCD D]N ONHC PC GUHD RHEN GQYU GUHDD COH GUHD O LCS]D GOLNC [LNIG PCH
]LIND
GOLNC ML[Y PCG HO[ FHL C[GQ RHLOEDH ]HJ]WQDH IK CQ OYHQ ]H U PLSH[JCG HSF ]LIN PLNL[YQG PLQNJ ]UFOH
PL[HTLC [CN HSLF UQQ EN ROGOQ ]YZ JLNHGO D]N KL OLUO [JG ]OLC [WTDH HCO PC T[W ]OLNC LFN MH]D
LS DQ[G PD DN PL[HCDH PLHFJ [WTD HI GJNHG CLDG RNH T[W ]OLNC LFND ]LIN ML[Y
KS
]UF VTHL
CZOT LCH DLLJ ]LIN V[YO LFN GD LH RLLD H]W G[ [LIS [QHC CDLZU LD[ UQ C]
]KLO C[QEG ]OCQ UQQ G[HCNO "V[YO LO GQO GLO C[LDT RHUQ LD[N CQOUD M]UF
DLLJ []G [DF PU D[HUQN PE COC HSLUD [DFGN Z[ CO CHGON OU DLLJQG RHUQ LD[
HSLUD HSLCH ]WD EHWT RLLG [DHFQ RCN COG GZQ GQ RN CO PC HGOND
MOQG [U U HS]LEHTQ HLOU HZG [DNH MFLCH GF JT IU TH]D OI RHSLZQ [ZL HSLD[ D]N RN CO POHCH
]H CY FHL CQZ GFHGLD UFHS U HGHY[]H FU JLZ VF GOJ RLSUD ]QC L[DF R[Q Q UFH GF JO VF GYQH XQJ
IS CJ TLESUD [I[EG LHFJ JGN FHL LC RHIJ EL PLCHOLQ LSDC
OOHND CZHF >L[N COFH@ GKHWG ]HUQQG LW OU PL[WQ L PL[]HQG PL[DF OOHND
RLCH PL[]HQG PL[DFG OU Z[ H]SHHN ONHC CO P]TD ODC PL[HTCG PU PL[]HQG PL[DF H[LWD
RCN CDKL[ FN ROGO [H CEQ RD L[ LWU OOHN RCN
PLLQUW [QC RHLN [QHO PHZQ L ]HKHJ ONHC CO H ]HODS ONHC CO GUHD [QC PC POHCH
RCN C[GQ RHLOED ZW]TS RN CKN[ FHL U OOHN RCN RLCH ]HF[WS ]HUHD L]N RG L[G ONHC CO
HJO[ FHL C[GQ RHLOED HCLDG RNH PLSHC[G ]ZHOJQD [DFG LHO] [CHDQ IQ DJ KL[GQ ]HDH
L O FHQU OU UDSG RHEN UHFL [DF OU M[HY COO UDSG RHEN CLG GOKDO G[NIGGH
[HTCO M[YHGH ZL[H ODG L[DFD HQ [LNIGO GI OONDH MNO ML[Y GLG COH L O CHG
HLSLUD GQHF GLGLH HFZ P ]C H]DGCD H]HUO LHC[ H]HLGO DH[Z CHG LWO GI [DF PGO
G]DGCD [QHC CHG RNH GU ONDH ]U OND M[HYO COH M[HYO FLQ] HLDGHC [LNIQ HQN
COH GI [DF ]HUO CO PGO [HTCO M[YHG MNOH GEG] HQN GE] H[LWH FLQ] GE]
HEH OHFE OHZD HGU[ M[DQ DH]NG [QC GQO IQ[ GID LH ]QCG OU M[HYO PC LN HQ CL
GI LN ZWT RLCH LCFQ []HL H[LDJ O HJDD PFC [WTL OC POHUO [QC GQ RNH FLIN LOQ
M[HY COO JDG [WTQG OUH M[DQG OU [QCS
]H[[HU]G HLSWO L HL]HCOWSQ FJC HC GDZG O HQ HDO MH]D DJQ PFC RQI ON LN UFH
MLOC CHDC LQ ]C [LNIC [C PHZQG OND DH]NG [QC GIH DHJG ]OUQ ]DJQ LWN
OC LHC[ CHGH HGN[DL GQD ZL[ [DF OU [[HU]Q CLGG ]H[[HU]GGNH N ]HQ ML]N[DH
CO PCH XWJ] FU GDGCG ]C H[[HU] PCH H[LU] PC DH]NG [QC GQ GI RLSUO DH[ZH MWGG
CY] FU XWJ] FU H[LWH ]HUO CO PULDQ GLG CO PL[DFG [[HUO PFCD JN GLG
]H[[HU]G GLGL LHC[G [DFG P GLGL FU PNQYU H[LU] CO [QHON OUHWG OC JNG RQ
LON [QHON CLGG GDTG LFL OU XWJ GU] XWJ] FU HGIH HFL OU GCD LOHC GID
KL RDQ[O RHJKDGH GSHQCG
LQD HUD] CO MO [QC L[G [DFQ DH]NG CH ]UHDD PC C[LUI LD[ [QC C] CO
RLCH G[[ MLOU ODZ] CO " CHO MLZOC G P ]C C] CO [QHO FHQO] GQ [ZO
DN L]D[ C]ZLTW G[[O LHC[ G]C
T