EO DO PLWF
"HLOU DH[ HDL HC HLOU DH[ H[S TFG O HSLF GQ C ET
"TFGG LOHTW PG HOC D
PLOUD GDH[QG TFG RHEN "FYLN ]QLLZ H]HDU CG] FDODH [N KHULQ H[LL]SH HLOU DH[ H[S C
[N GI EHTQ TFG PEH@ GO H[LL]S GUD[C HD H[S VC OU FJC RZD GUD GUD HO L
L[U PL[Y HLOU L[YQG TFG [YLQG OU OFEG GC[YQ CTC LCHHO P HO L PEG GHYQO
>LLDC CHG ]HDU XU OOND J[H
HLG PLZTHWG ]UFO VCH R[ ]HDU GI RLC PL] H[LL]SH GQJ H[S PC UQQ
PLSW ON OU ]HDU [HUL [CLL ML[Y PLOUG DH[ H[S RCN [N FJC [SH GO
ILZT H[] DSQ CDKL[D QNH GL[WH JD
PLJO PLOU GO FJC OND PLFD GO PLJO PLOU LFD GO HD H[CSH HLOU DH[ HDL
[FG HSLC PUYQCD ODC PLJOG HLGL FJCH FJC ON C[DH CFTJ D[ [QCH [N FHUH PDQ[
L[
RZ FJCG C[D CGLN LF RCN PE FJC TFG FDD LF ZJFG ]UD PLKZHS HSC GQ LWO C
DNZT HQ[] DSQ R[ PLJO PLOU GO O FJC
OU GOHUH DNH[G JO FJC GOUD LF RZ ONDH PLSZ GO H[LL]L ML[Y [WQ C[G D
C[H FL[G PDQ[G ]UF RN L[ H[LWN GNOGH >FDG C[D CZHF HCOH@ PLDLG PLSG
OHQ GI RLC PLSG OU GOHU FJC GOUN LWUC C[G L[DF [LWH JHQ[] DSQ LWU ZFY RGN
L[
LWU
PL[JCG OU DN[HQ JOG HI G[HYD PLLHU PLJO RGD H[LL]S PLSZ P]HC Z[H PLOHQ PLOUG [C [DHFQ
PGLSLDQ KOHDGH LUYQCG CHG JOG COC PGHD PLFQHU POUG ]O C[G L[DF PL[WQ LH [NLSH
PLWTHS PLH[LW LH DZUL L[HND LWU HLFY LSQ PLSG GYZ ]C GWHJH
PLN[WS HC FHUH KN TH] LWU R[HWLYD PLN[WS PLOUG HLGLN PL[QHC L DL [HUL E
DL C[ZS IC HQN OONQ CYL ]LJHOJOG G[DUQ CLH L[LCQO ]HDC REQ POHWLZD
FDC[ R[HWLYD M[WS HOLWC DL OOND HSLC IC FU ODC PLOUG LSW HSLDOLQ CLH GI[G
DL GI RLC R[HWLYD PLN[WS CO PC PGLSW HSLDOG HOLWC CEQG D]NH JHQ[] MH[U RJOD ZTWS RNH
EO[
NZT HQ[] DSQ CHG DL LCFH PGLSW HSDO]SN NCH LHYQ [DFG RLC MC
HC FDC[ CZHF PLJO HLGL PLNL[Y DHLG OU PLOLYQG PLOU P]HC PCG PLSHC[G HZOJS F
C]L[HCF H]HYQ RHC[G PHLD [LQJGO PLSH[JCG HKZSH C[ OLYGO PLOHNL PLHQN VC
DSQ I[EG PLFEQ L[W LWU
CZHF H]KLO COC DO[ PLUF PLQ] CDKL[H R[U PLSHC[G HZOJS PLSHLOUG PLOUG HDL G
ODC HLOU M[DO RLC [JCD [WC LC HOLWC ZTW JDGH PLOUD LF RLCH GSZG C[ DLN
LH FOZT HQ[] DSQD CDHQ GOLJ]NO [N ICH PLOUG P]HC [LTL LFL OU GSZ] HO L
U HFLD ]HJQO RLC GID OZLQGH PLOUG DH[ HDL CO ON PL[LNQH HL[DF HJF PLSH[JC
P GNOG [HCD
PLOZQ DOHOD VC@ GN[DD HOKLO PL[THC L DL TFG COC [LUG OND RLC ZJFG ]UD H
KQ[] LTHT CQ[D U PLOZQ LH >PLSDO PGD L PLJOG VC MN ON [NLS HDLG RLC P
P DSQH I[EG UHD PLSLF LZHOLJ UH
]UF VTHL
GNOG RNH [LNQ RHW[K LD[H@ HC[ PKZS ]JFSG [LU OH G[C O DLG OHIEG TFGG LOHTW D
HLG PLSO GOU ON ZOJSH X[WS GSHHNG GC[SN KN TH]GWOH H[S L[ HLOU HY[WS >FO ROGO
D[ [N ]HZH[L ODC >CWW D[ ]HQHFC RNH@ ]H[HJ PLDSU CZHFH HLOUQ ]HDH[Q HLDSU
HS]T[E LWO TH] LWU [N UQQ ]HQHZQ GOH PLSD HOLWC HLOUQ ]HKUHQ HLDSU HLG C
U
[WTQ [JC PLNOHG GKHWG ]HUQQGH FJC PHZQD PLINH[Q HOLWC OHTW ]HDH[Q HLDSU TH]D UQQ
PLDSU [D]TQ L[G [WTQD LHO] [DFG RLCH TFGG [HUL MQD [QCS KHULQH DH[ CQ MC PLOUGH PLDSUG
DYH OHFE PHZQ OU PL[W]QG PLDSUQ PLKOHD ]HJW PG RKZ PHZQD PLINH[QG FCQ PLSKZ PLD[
[DUQ TFGG ]L]J]D PC VC HLDSUQ ]HDH[Q HLOU GOUQOQ TFGG [NG [HULD PC LF D
[HUL LH GOUQO PLDSUGN ZW]TSH HZT HQ[] DZUL L[HND LWU ]HDH[Q HLDSU M[YSG [HULO
GKQO [NG
[CD [N HLOUQ ]HDH[Q PLDSU DHQ[] CQ[D CDHGH PLLJ ]HJ[C PD D]N VTHL]LDG E
GUD ON OHTW PLQLG [CD VC [FG LOHTWD [LQJGO PLZTHW HSC GQ LWO MC PLQLG
RQLTG VHTD OGCDD UH KZT P DSQ
EQW U H[QES CO RLLFU HOC ]HZH[LO PLQHF PCG ]HOHJN HC ]HDHGY PLDSUD PLSH[JCG HSF F
PL[Q] ]HWN U HCO PC E IQ HQ[]
PC HI GKLO PL[QHC LH PDJ[DH PN[CD PLOHFE HLOU HSLLG GKH TFG EGD ]UFO
FNZT GO FHL P[GQO ]UF LHOLE LWU P]H[NO HJO L OFHEC LS[WY LSN PLDJ[ PG
GKH H[LW PLSHC[G [C PEH ELGSQG [WT LWU HI GKL OU PLZOHJ LH GIQ PLUFHL PSLC PLD[H
HQYUO P[ UH CLL GQO ]HNLOGD CDHQ CI[EG GOLJ]NO [DFD [FGO LH OHQ HSLC
QT LSQ []HL HLGL CO PLOUG M[HC
EO VF
"ROGOF PLSWHCD TFGG RLF GQ FT
G[Q] HD G]OUH HC[ PKZS C
RKULQH HLOUQ ]HDH[Q HLDSU HLG D
PHL D[UQ HC[ PKZSN GLQ[L LD[ ZW]TS [N G[Q] HD G]OUH HC[ PKZS CSSLJ [D COHU GS C
HZL] HCO PC OHTWH ]HHYQ OYC LHJF ][H] L PCG KHLD G[Q] HD G]OUH DHK
RCN ODC RZ]O HFLD PLSWHCD CZHF GIH RN]L LHJF HSLC C[ZLUQ LHJLF [QCS PC PE C
TH] LWU [DFG KWS COH LHJF LHG CQ RZ]O HFLD RLC
LH ]HHYQ OYC LHJLF RLC >DC PL[HND LQOH[LD LZO L[O RNH@ CWW D[O PL[QHC LH
PDQ[G ]UFD PLSH[JC FHUH HQ[] C[EGDH IK LWU GNOGO RN HKZS
[DFD PL[LQJQ LH GC[SH [IHJ PCG GJFSH GC[S ]OCO HSCD DHK PHLD G[Q]G G]OU D
]UFGH G]JFS [DN G[Q]G GD G]OUN UZ[ZO ][DHJQ GD[UG G]LG HOLWCH ROGOFN
HD GC[S GLG PHLG H]HCO COC [HTCO RLC MNOG CLG GQYU LSWD GHYQ PHLH PHL ON GKHS
HY EJ JHC GQ ]H[EC LWU PL[JCG PLQLO COH GJFSH
ROGOFN PL[LNQ L ODC HC[ PKZS TFG PLOTHWG ]UFO [DHFQ GI ON
FO[
GNHT ]NTQ PHNLTO ]HDH]H ]HOC
KHL PFHZH DOHOG FEC PFHZ RKULQ PC C[QEG ]LEHTQ GOHUG RKULQH HLOUQ ]HDH[Q HLDSU HLG D
PLKZHS PEH GFHGL LD[N FEC ML[Y DOHO PLKZHS PC DHK PHL PFHZH FHELCG [JCO KULQ [N KHW
RLC PCH OHTWD DOHOG GUS L[G KHULQG OLUHQ RLC [NGD GLLU ML[YGO GNHTQ DOHO FHQOO
GHYQ P HLOU C[ZS RLC DHK PHL PFHZ OL ]HHYQD LHJF L PC HOLWCH@ [N GNHTQ DOHO PLFQO
KS IJ LHOG KD SOH[U UH L[ LWU PHLG FZQ DHK PHLD KZLO >CQOUD GSQIG COC HSLC FECG
]OCD [DFG LHO]H LHJF PHQ OHTWO L [NGD GLLU ML[Y RLC KHZSS PC HOLWC DS KHL ESHU
]HHYQD LHJF
KHL PFHZ RKULQ HOLWC HFECQ LHJF ][H] OJ FEC ML[Y DOHO GFHGL LD[O PL[DHT L
LWU FHEC HSLC HOLWC KHL ]TLSND HC J[ RHOQ HZLLF RNH L[ ]UFD C[GQ L[LCQ LWU
CLEHTGQ JLNHG HY EJ JHC GQ ]H[ECD U MC FHEC CGL ML[Y KHLD HOLWC D]N [G HOLCH L[LCQ
GFHGL [O VC FHELCG PFHZ RN ON GC[S NCH LHJLF ][H] OJ PL[DHJQ PFHUD HOLWC IUD
DHK PHLD COC HFEC GUQ LHJF ][H] OJ CO GFHGL LD[O HOLWC PL[DHT LH
TH]G ]UFD
PLQNJH OTHW ZFYHGL RD [ ZHFY LD[D [IUOC LD[ DHK PHLD RKZLOH [DUD C]LL[DD PLCS] HZOJSH
H[LJG PCH HCO PC ]HHYQD LHJF LHG C[ZLUQ LHJF PCG CLG P]ZHOJQ RN]L [HQCG [HCO PL[LNQ
FEC ML[Y DOHO PCG GOCD HZOJS [WCH GC[SH [IHJ PCG GJFSH GC[S ]OCO HSCD HQYU KHLD
PLDSUG KHZLOH RN]L GLLU ML[Y HOLWC [QHO VTHS FY CDHQ PH CL OLUO CLEHTD [WO HJF RN [NGD GLLU ML[YH
H]LLU CLG
QTN U KHLD H[JHGD HOLWC [LNGO PLKZHS LH DHQ[] [N PKZLOH [DU GNOGO
[HCDD D]NH ZHQ VHT C[ R[H GI[ EYL[ PLZOHJ LH C[G LWU HQ[] JDH LD GJ DOHO
[LQJGO L CHQ[] GNOG
P DSQ FHELCG [JCO VC GOLJ]NO RKZOO []HQ DHK PHL PFHZH
C[GQ LWU
"DHK PHLD TFGG LDSU PLKUQQ PCG C GT
"HCO PC FEC ML[Y DOHO PCG D
"GUL GQ DHK PHLD HFEC []HG DOHO E
"HCO PC ]HHYQ OYC LHJF ][H] L PCG F
GO[
[LWH PLKUQQ RHUQ LD[D [IUOC LD[ PHQ CDHG C]LL[DDH DHK PHLD PLKUQQ RLC HS]SQD HSLS C
ZLTW D LWUCH []HQ RLHN]Q RLC [DF [QCF RCQNH [LNGO LFN COH GOLNCO RKZLO RHEN LC D[
RN OUH PLTFG P]HCO ML[Y HSLCH PL[N PL[JC PLTFG HO L RCN [DHFQ [HTC ]HQL COH GLL[
GOLJ]NO VC RCN H[L]GH GWHEO GNL[Y GSLC GNCOQ PHQ H[LW TH]GH L[ LON RHZL] RCN RLC
[]HQ GLO CJLS COF GLL[ ZLTW PHQ [LW ZTW MH[UGH GHYQ PHQ
HD]NH PL[JC PLTFG HO L [NIHG COH GOLNCO C C KHZLO [NIHQ DHQ[] MH[U RJOD C
RLHN]QN KHLD RKZOO []HQ [JC PFC GOLNCO [ J C RKZLO [QHO ML[Y PLSH[JCG
GHYQ PHQ GLO CJLS COF GLL[ ZLTW H[L]G H[DJO TFGG RZ]Q CYQS LWUC GOLNCO
P DSQ PL[JC HO L RWHCD CO PC [HTC HQYU TFGG OUD ODC
GF L[ LWU RSD[FQ COC [HTC HSLC PL[QHC L [LNGO RLHN]QN KHLD PLDSUG KHULQ D
PL[QHC LH HQ[] CZU[ LHFJ GN ]D MOQG [U UH GOFO CQHLH EZ ]D TH] RKZOH [DU
]UF VTHL
LWU EOYCQ PHQ [DFD HSF RCN TH]D QNH@ KN ]D L[LCQD PE UH IQ] LNF[Q LWU
[WT
C]L[HCFQ
>PL[Q] ]HWN UUH U IK G[UG L GQO ]HNLOG
DOHO ][H] JN]] CO LFN GN[D COD HSOKL DHK PHLD HLOUQ ]HDH[Q HLDSU HLG E
CLHQ[] JHC GQOGG
VCH HCO PC DHIC ]FHECQ GJLZ GJLZ HSLF [ZLUQ FEC ML[Y DOHO PCG PLQNJH GFHGL LD[ HZOJS D
HGHSCH LOC GI PHQ HFEHCO GHYQ FEC COD PL[LNQ PLQNJO
[WTDH DOHOGH GNHTG ]LLU ]UD HSLLJG PLN[DQ KCL ]HN[D PDQ[D [CHDQ PLQNJN GNOG C
RNH G]LLUD GHYQ L GNHTD LN P]LLUD PLN[DQ RLC GOLEQH [WHO HOC RLD ZOJO PUK R]S HU JZH[G
CDKL[U G[H]GQ FEC RHUK RLC PC VCH GOLJ]NO WNU FEC ML[Y DOHO KZS GC[SH GNHTQ PLFQO DOHO
HFECO ML[Y RSD[FQ RLFG [FE RN]L QQ C[QEG L[DF KWNH G[H]GQ GOLJ]NO RHUK [QHO RLC CL OLUO
COC DHICQ GJLZO GJLZO H[FO GNOGO KZHS OL HC GLU ]UD M[DO MLL MNOG CQOUD [HFLG HSLCH
]HYQ GF EL OLUO TH]U G[WD CLWT RS]FN RFEC COD [N DHICD VC
PLQNJO VCH ROGOFNH FECG LC[ LS [HZL CZHF [HQE [Z LFL OU ]HLGO ML[Y FHELCG D
]DLJ]H GNL[ND PLEGHS CEQ UH CCS[] JHC ICL[ ELOWH GF L[ LWU GI RWHCD HFEHCO GHYQ
OHNL ICH FJC [Z ]HUO GOJ]GD ML[Y CLZT DSQD D]NH MN OU GQ] C[EGH GNH]D GNL[NG C[
GNL[ND GYZG DHJ]OH MH[NO MLQGO
G[HEC ]DH]
[Z OOND GI PE HNH]O PLSLQG DHJ]OH FL ]LD RLQN ]HUO PLEGHS GQH
RLS]HS PH ]UDK [ZO MHQTH [Z RLHU GSGH IQ[] EQWD ILUNH JZT CS[] DSQD ]CDHQ MOGCD
GID EGHS LSC RNH [LW DOHO FEC GHG LN L[ [WCH GD[U
HC PDSUO VLFU [HZO CCN C[QED UQQ CZHF [HZO L GOLJ]NO LW OU VC
L[QEO PLFH[W HLGL GQQ [Z COD PN[NO
]UFO HDSUO OHNL RNH GNH]D GNL[NG C[ ]DLJ]D Z[L O GFHECN HFEHC DHK PHLD HFEC []HG E
GFHGL LD[ ]UF RN RLCH ]D RLSUO G[LZN GSLC GDLSUG PL[DHTG PLQNJ
[HQE [Z ML[Y COC CQOUD GNL[NH GDLSU GOLUHQ RLC FEC ML[Y DOHO [QHCG ]UFO C[QED [CHDQ
DHK PHLD [DFG [HTCH
R[G LWU GHYQO H[LNQ CHG RN LFL OU GFHECG MH]D DOHOG DHJ]O HI GUFO [HTC RNH
]NCOQ FDOQ CSQ RHZL] PHQ [HTC FEC ML[Y FQO EU LTHT FJ GQ ]H[ECD PE UH VL[G L[DF [HCDD
[HZ
HJLNHG HS]SQ P]TQH ZWTG KWS COH HCO PC ]HHYQ OYC LHJF L PC GLQ[L LD[ ZW]TS OLUO [NISN F
[N DHK PHLD PLDSUG KULQ PC RN OU LHJF LHG CO C[ZLUQ LHJLF
RZ]O HFLD RLC RWHCD [DFQ CHG LN GLQ[L LD[ O HZWT KWS CO PLKZHS TH]G C
LHJLF RLC HJLNHG ]HDH[Q PLDSUD RHEN RZ]O HFLDN Z[H HFLD GSSLC G[Q]G ]COUG
H[ZLUQ LHJFD
HC[ PKZSN Z[H LHJF LHG CO C[ZLUQ LHJLF [N RZ]O HFLD RLC HOLWC PL[DHT LH
KZS RNH L[LCQH R[U GC[SH [IHJ HSLC GJFSH GC[S CQ ZWTD [DFG [CS HQYU DHK PHLD
GJFSH GC[SD LHJF L ZHQ VHTD C[G
HO[
GNHT ]NTQ PHNLTO ]HDH]H ]HOC
GJFSH GC[SD HOLWC ]HHYQD LHJLF RLC CSZTQO PL[QHC LH
KHLD HOLWCH@ RZ]O HFLD PHQ PC HK DJ LHOG ]LD HZT HWZ] CEQ U UHGH [HKG ]UF QNH
CHG PHQ PC P LHOG ]LD UHGL LSW LDH GJ QTN LWU >OSN KUQO []HQ PLSWHC L
HFLD C]L[HCFQ LSWQ HC >OLUO UH@ HQ[] LTHT JD LWU RSD[FQ ]HHYQD LHJLFG [ZLU LN RSD[F ZWT
LWU GJFSH GC[SO C[ZLUQ LHJF RLD ZOJO RLC GNOGO PHQ HC P CZU[ LWU RZ]O
ZWTD [DFG GNOGO PLKZHS JN FHLD HD]H WHN J[W PLSH[JC GQN POHCH C[EGD
LHJF ][H] ]NLL PCG HZT HWZ] CEQ P P[GQH C[GQ IQ IUDH RCN CDKL[U ]HUFG HZOJS D
RDQ[D [CHDQ GHYQ [HFLG RLSUO POHCH@ GOLJ]NO RLFG LWON GOLJ]NO COC [HTC HSLC [DFD
PDQ[G LWU PLZTHWG HD]N RN
>[FHGQ HSLC COC [N TFG ]QLKZD RHEN G[N GHYQG ON LHJLF RLF MLL RLC RCN R[DH
GFHDU O ]H[SD GNHSJ [S PLZLOFQ RLC MNOG LHJLF L CQ HJO L RSD[F ]HHYQD PE E
EU[] JHC [CH HDO ELKOZ FHL C[EGDH HDO UH CS C GLDC[ LWU GHOKLD G[I
FO EO PLWF
"G[H] G[QC OJS LD[U PG HOC C HT
"]H[NGH ]HOHTWG ]HD[UG RG HOC D
IO[
GD[U LD[UQ HDL[ ][JC C]LL[DDH OJSN MHQ GO GOU [JC [DF OJSG OU PLOFEG OJS LD[U C
G[N OUD O HS]SQ GQ]T RNH PL[G OH FDOD PLQG [KQQ ]LZHQG UZ[Z OUD O
L] OHKLO H[F PL[JC PLCS]H FZQO ]JCH DOHOO ]JC LD[U Q [F OHC CDC
CO [GILO L ILWOH PL[G OH OUD O ]HD[O RLC PGL[DFO CQ TH]G HD]NH ]HD[U
IQ[] GQ LN[F FDULFD VC [DFD HJO TH]GQ UQQH OJSG OU GOLFEG COC DOHOO GD[U OHKLO
[IJO ML[Y GOJ]NO PL[WQG DH[ PD [HKG NNH R[D QN HD PLQ[HI PLQG OJS [FEH
OH OUD OD OI TH]G LOUD RLHJ GQO GD[G HJO RLC LO UQQH R[UH PLQG OU GOFEG [JC
PL[G
PL[GDH [DFQD GOFEG ]C >GOLJ]NO HOLWC@ [LNGO HKZS UHKH C[G PDQ[G POHCH
ML[Y RLC GOLJ]NO VC IKG L[DFQ UQQ RNH >OJSD OLE[ RLQG H]HC HSLLG OJS LD[U H@
EZT IQ[] DSQD CDHQ CZHF OJS O OHKLO ZFZFO
GO GOUH PHFC GO GSZ GD[UG PLSQLT PGD HS]SH PL[GG RLD GOLFEG GWYWY COH G[N GD[U
]HD[U LSLQ L PSQC [TQO OEQO GQHF GLWH OHEU GOUH RDO GO GSZ GWYWY ZOJ GLWH MHQ
vr v
COLE GWOLJ
FJC RHHLNO ]HKHS ]HQLEWG D]N L[H PLZTHW FCQ PLZF PLQO] OEQO GQHF GOU
G[NH
POHCH [LNGO LFN HOOG PLSQLTG ]O HLGL ML[Y IQ[] EQWH HDO JDU PLZTHWG HD]N
]HOHFE ]HKLOD [TQN ODC [HQCN PL[JCG PLSQLTG LS GO LN G[N OEQO GQHF GLW PC
RLC D]N DZUL L[HNDDH GOHTW MHQ GO GOUH PHFC GO GSZ HOLWC WH L[U ]H[L
IQ[] T[ DSQD CDHQ H[DJ COD FJC RQLT LHYQ
GC[S [TQO PLQHF PLSH]J]GH OEQO PLQHF PLSHLOUG GLOUH MHQ GOUGH PHFC GSZG GLG
GSLC [D]TQ GD[UG LSQLT LS GD L HI HOLCH [TQN GLOU ON GWYWYG LN G[LNGO
[FGO GOLJ]NO GHYQ POHCH [LNGO VTHS VLST HGI OJSG OU GOFE PC K[WDH GWYWY
KQZ JJ LHOG KD LWU OHJD ]HD[UD K[WD PLSQLTG ]O ON GD L GD[U [JC
WH LD ZH[L HFHUD HOLWC G[N PHFC GO GOU PC