GNO G]HC ]C[ZS MNO GDH[Q H[HCH HD PLYSYSQ GQJ LYHYLSH ]JC JH[Q JH]W GLG XHYLSG ]LD
FHUH C[G H[W XHYLSG ]LD
LWONH GN[UQG LDE OU CG PHLZ PO GSKZ G[HFQ P G]LG LSWQ D]N UD [CD [WTDH
G[HFQ ]QHUO XHYLSN XHYLSG ]LD GI C[ZS FZHQG ]LDD GOHFEG G[HFQG
D[GH PDQ[G HOLCH GWLN LDE OU GLHSDG GNO HI G]LG D]N [WQG GWLN FZHQG ]LD
][LQ PGL[DF LWOH PL[HCDH PLHFJ [WTD UUH GWLNN X[CG OU G]LG GLHSD PL[WQ C[HSK[DQ
HN ROGO [CHDL LWNH FZHQG ]LD MH]D H[Q PG L[G GDEHQ PHZQ OU CZHFD G]LG CO PLSGNG
C[EG H[LW LWU
PGLOU PLSHQQ PLSZIG HLG P]KLOD P]H[D PFLD G[IUG ]HJ]WQH
C]HULSYF C[WTF LZ[W GQJH FHQO]D LILQ[ COF HFZG [GHID LFLQ CNLO LN L]UQH
GD[ C[FLCGH Z[W [JC Z[W >COZ]QH ]HFQ RN PE CHG@ ]HFQ ]NTQ LZ[W GQJD PLIHQ[
C[WTF Z[ C[FLC HSLLG HL[FJ MOQG LSCLDG M[F OU FJC PGLS LN GOHN FLQ] ]NTQD GIHQ[
[]TG PLZOC FHDN LN C]HULSY C[ZS MNOH ]LG FTL ] H F Q G HSLLG HL[FJ CHG C]HULSYF
RD[Z LFL OU HL[FJ CHDOH RN ]HLGO PFCG ]HD[Z]G MOQG LSCLDG CHG C[FLCGH [DF
RN PE RHHNQ CHG ODC GI [CDO HQHZQ RCN RLCH [DF [HZJ PLNOQ FHDN C[ZS GIH FLQ]G
QU RLODHOQ RGNG ZHFY LD[O ZFY [DHF MH]Q HSD]N GQO
HN VF
PHL OHDK COGH FZHQG ]LDO DH TSNGO HO []HQ PUKG PLSGNG HLJC OYC HO DLH CD
H[L]G PG H[TC PG CHG RSD[FQ GI [HTLC PHQ PL[QHC L GLHO GSJQQ JO]Q L[ZOUDF
GLG FZHQG ]LDD OHJ ZOJ H]HC PHQ HC GOLOD ]CYO HGHJL[KG COH PHLG [HC FU [CLGO HO
[WQG LWU ]LDG [G ]HFZD CO VCH HFZ]S CO ]HLOUH RLEE RO CQLLZH ]LDG [G UZ[ZQ GDEHQ
DY PLJTW CD[H] I ]HQDL C[H] UUH
RCN C[U
PLSWD CQKSN CO ODC GOLJ]NO TSNLL CO COC PHL OHDK OU H[IE CO PL[QHC LH
N GKHT ]UF VTHLD UUH DO PLJDI TH]
PLQQ HOC ]HQHZQ LSWQ G[IUGQ PLCQKG ]ZJ[G PHQ PLS ][IUDH OLJD COC H[IE CO CLH
PLSHC[ LWU GLHO GSJQ [CD CO ODC PGD H[IE MNO GSLN GSJQO PLNHQT PHQ HC GCLYLH GTLSN
I ]HQDLDH DO PLJDIDH RCN
]LDO TSNS HSLCH TSNLGO LHDKO []HQ P GOLDKG ]LD ]NOD DHL ODK CQKG PL[QHC LH
FDC[ LWU FZHQG
HSLCH LFK [UO HO MOHGH OLJG ]J] GDLTQD CYHL GLG [DHTH ZOHJ KC ]HFQD DZUL RD [IULOC LD[
]HFQO C[EG H[LWH RCN FDC[U [JC RWHCD PL[WQ LH DU[GH QGLWD PDQ[G [LW RN FZHQG ]LDO [IHJ
P
JO[
HN VF FLQ]
PFC P L UFHL OHUS HCYQ HFHDN GLG GI FHDN O CTNG ]LDH
LU[ RLOLKQ IK GELEJ GQGDN GOH ][G LNCOQN PFCG GQFS PL[DF GOD GSGF
PFC PD TJL]S CHG ICH HQYU GTNQH [LETQH GQGDG GUQD HD PFCG GSGH GQGDN
GQFSN CDHQFN GQFCG RQ [WUFH RHLOUO GQFCF ]HOWGH ]HGDEG OOHN PFC PG GSGH
JH[H RHLOUO GQFC O ]HNIO GOUQO CLG GOHUG PFCG JH[F H]SLJD HGIH HFZG GOD
GQFCG RQ [WUO GKQO ]F[HLG GQGDG
GOLNCD GQ] GFHDU POG RHZL]G GQGDF GOGQ GHUH HZJ PLOQ ZLFYGD GSGH
]]LQ C[QED H[QC GIH LU[ ]OKGG MC HD [CSH FHZ ONG GLD[H GL[WDH GHDEO GL]H
LN ]HTWC HD KHO] CO PL[DCG []LD LN EZ ]HDH]NH JLZ ]D HNH PLLUQ LOHJD PLZLFY
CLG GKQG OC HLOE[ VTCLH FHT HGIH PLQLZH PLLJ PG ][G LNCOQ FHTD LJ HOHN CHG
LJ HOHNH ]HTWC HD UEHS GI FYQ MC HLOE[ ]C MTLQ ]C[ZSG
PLSW ]HDG CLG GQFSN L[DH N PL[FS C[QED GHD HI PNLSW OU H]C[L GLG] [HDUDOH
FLDUF CSHZL]GH H]CSGO GHU HLUQD HD CHG FHTLF CF C]FQF CSHZL]O IQ[S GSGH
OU C]LCFNH CF C]FQ ]HQLO CHG IC ZLFY GOHU GO CJLLS FLDUF CZLLF GO GO CJLLS
C[HFLTD CHG ICH CZLLF G O CHG GL]]C ]L MCH GUHK GL]]C PU PE[]QGF L[
CFHTD FTJ ]HUO CHG FTJ XWJ F CFHTD H]OHIO GUWGGH C]HOO]GG CHG GCL[DF
GSGQG CHG GD[FCH GHD RCN RLCH ]ODZQG GKQO CLGH ULWQG CHG GOUQO CHG F
CLG D PLTJL]S DHH GSQQ ODZQG CHGH ]UWQG CLG IC GSQQ GSGS CHG [CNH G]HC
HLSW ILUQ PFC RLCF GHD MLL HJ PLSW ]IUGDH HJ ]HIU M[FG CHG GKQO CHGH GOUQO
I QU CJ DHSLQCQ [O ]H[HGK ]H[QC MH]Q HDHJ OUD LSWD
OYC CQHL [FTD GSS EW]TS RLSUD RF D PL[HWNG PHL ]FHDU MOQOGSQG EW]TSH GOU ODKH F[L
H[D RLD GYLYJ J PHQ RLFG RQ DHLJ CHG LN CS]G HCS PSJO CO OHFEG RGNG ]HOLDK
C]OLQF CJ[HC KZS [QHO ML[YH FDHU HSLCH HO MOHGH CYHL CQKD [DHFQ COG RCN PSQCH PLFEDO
PLHFJ U DHK[ HWHEN PDHO PC GSHGN LFED RHLID PHQ RLFG RQ DHLJ [DFD L RN]L PE@ GNOG HSULQGO COH
>OHJ LFED COC DHO HSLC FHDUL CO RHLN RCN MLL RLC GI PEH PL[HCDH
HSLYQ CO L[G GNOG L[L ]HUQQ HJZOS PL[FHTG LW OU VC VTHS HFLJ GID HSULQQ GC[SH
PHQ GFHDU M[HYO HSLC PEG PGD EW]TGO LC[ NLWUC PGD EW]TGO P]LDQ PL[FHT HCLDG
PDQ[G ]KQG OU GZ ]YZH@ EW]TSH CS]G GS PSLJO CO L[G MN OU GS]Q RLF ]LD DO
>PGQ ]HSGLO []HQ GL]HOFEQH [LUG ]QHJ HQN HO PLQHFG PL[JC PL[DF OU MQT LOHCH GI HFLJ
HW DJ FHL GQ ]H[EC LWU
RLCF PDQ[G ]KLN G[HCNO JNHQH HFDU MLC RN PC UY ]HQHZQ LSD HLSDH PHZQ FJD R[GC
PL[HCDH PLHFJD ILUNH CKLO OYSDS C[EGQ GOLOD COC FZQG ][LQ
GDEHQ PHZQD PL[QH PLSGNG [LW [WQG GKQOQ PLHOH GOUQOQ PL[QH PLSGN DU
D]N COC GI K[W [LNIG CO PDQ[G POHCH ZHJ[QO VLZGO GDHED PL[QHG [LUG L[QH [CN
XHJDQ PLHOGH PLSWDQ PL[QH HLG PLSGNG
KO[
]UF VTHL
DU[G D]N RNH GWLNN UZ[ZG OU LHSD GWLN FZHQG ]LD [LW H]KLO PDQ[G MOHG GC[SH
HSJ[N OU HNH]D PL[QH PLSGNG L[GH GLOU
t HO GLG CO FZHQG ]LD RHLNH RL]LS]QD [WQGN COFH
PHZQ OU PLCYQS HLG HH[LW GOUQO H[QC GQH CZHF GHDE PHZQD G[LQD DHNLU RLC [QHO
]HLOU LN PCH GQYU G[IUG OU RZOJD ]HLHSD HLG RN]L XHYLSG ]LDH TSLKDC ]LD ]HLOU G[IUG
HSLLGF XHJDQ G[IUG L[U OYC GKQO PLLHOG ][LQ PHZQQ []HL ]HDHJ RG PHZQ ONQ HFZ]S CO
PLCYQS HOC [QHON XHJDQ PLLHOGH PLSWDQ PL[QH HLG PLSGNG PDQ[G ]SHHN HIH QQ ]LDG [G
GKQO LN HWLLU]S PC P DLO HONHL LFN ]HLOU HSD GIH@ GQHJ]O XHJQ HOCH G[IUG JKD
GFH] JDI LWU >DLO ]H[ RLC
FFLY MC G[IUO XHJQ ]HLHSD HLG G[HCNO UQQ G[IUG L[U FYD ]HLHSD ]HLOU PDQ[G RHOQ [LUG VHTDO
DH[Z [QHON [GG GOUQD GOUQO [W]Q G[IUO XHJQ HLG [QCS PC PE OL LOHCH PLSWDQ G[IU L[U FYQ H]SHHN
PDQ[G D]N XHJD H PLSWD HSLLGH [GG F[HQD HSLLG GKQOH H FZQO []HL
PLDHJG ][LQ HQN G[HZQ GSDQ MH]D PL[QH HLG PLSWD [W GJW MHSLJ ]JSQ [WTD
XHJD PL[QH PLSKZGF CU[CF C]HNOQQ LIJ ZHW ]LD MH]D CO XHJDQ H[Q PLLHOG HOLCH
FHDNH GOUQ M[F ]HLOUDH PL[FJD PL[QH PLOHFEGH
OCZIJLD HQN HQYU LSWD KOHDH [NLSG PLHTQ PHZQ G [ I L E @ GDKYCG ][I%t C]DKYCF C][IE
> P PLDOQ LWU HGDED KOHD P OU G[I%t ONLGGH POHCG RLSD JK ]C GSLN HSLYQ HKDLCQ
IN VF
GFHDU FDUQO HKQ COF P]G RLC L[QC "GSHGN LJ[W HGO L[Z CNG PLDH[ HGO L[Z P]G LCQC
PL]HJW HLG PLDH[ G D]N [WQG LJ[W HGO L[Z GFHDU FDUQO HGO HKQF CNG PLDH[ HGO L[Z
HSD[ H[LWD UQQ RNH GSHGN ]FHDUO PLLHC[G PG GSHGN LJ[W HOLCH GFHDUO PLOHTW EL LSDQ
JN FDC[DH IN C[D GN PH[E
LSD PSLC PLSKZ G[H] O GU ]HYQ CLG FZQG ][LQ OU PLSQQ FYLN GQ] MOQOGSQGH
FHDUO PHJLSG CO GS PL[U LSDQ PL]HJW HSLLG GFHDUO HKQ COF PLSGN [W RN OUH ]HHYQ
UD [CD [WTD D]N RNH PL[QHG HLG PGH RLFG RQ MNO PL[N PG PEG
EL RD HSLC LWUC LQF [LW H][LQ OU MHQTO LHC[ [QH ON [QHO L GSHC[G GUFG LWOH
CYHLN HSLYQH@ P][QQ OU PLDH[G HFLQUG PLSGNG O RLF ]LD LFL OU ]QLLZ]Q G[LQG ]HYQH
DJW MHSLJ ]JSQ LWU >PLSKZ PLSGN O GOLNC LFL OU ]QLLZ]QG PLFZ ]OLNC O GU ]HYQ GID
PL[HCDH PLHFJ
COF P]G RLC GSHGN LJ[W HGO L[Z CNG PLDH[ HGO L[Z P]G C[QEG RHOQ [LUG GFH]JDIDH
C[Z COC PQYU GSHGN LJ[W PG PLDH[G GC[S HI RHOQ FDUQO HGO HKQF CNG GFHDUO HKQ
]LDD GLG PQHZQ MNO GFHDU FHDUO PHLG O H[ZHDD PLSNHQ HLG PL[QH P]HCO GSHGN LJ[W CS]G
DH]N LWN GI ]C GI PLWLOJQH ][QQG PLZOJQ HLG@ PLSOH PL[QH HLG P DC ]LD LSZI PU FZHQG
[CQ GSHGN LJ[W PG PLDH[G HOLCH >UD [CD [WTDH HJ G[LJDG ]LD OG MOQO GSQD PE UH TH]G LZTWD
HKQ COF H[LW HGIH XHYLSG ]LDDH TSLKDC ]LD ]LOUD PL[QH HLG PG DC ]LD H]HCQ CO [QQG
GFHDUO PGO FUHLQG PQHL ULEG CO RLFU GFHDU FDUQO
Q[