XHJO P[HU ]LDH HOCQD OE[G GLOU RH]S [FWGH GOUQOQ
XHJO P[HU ]LDH HOCQD OCQ OH HSLQLD RLQL O PLFL L]D LSG
HQU ]HLON L]H FDNG UDYCH HL]HUDYC RLD ]OFOHFQ GLOCGH HSLQLD XZHUG OE[DH XZHUD LLOG
XHJO P[HU ]LDH HOCQD OCQ O OE[G
HL]HUDYC L] RLD HL]HUOYH HOCQD G[EGH HSLQLD GIJG G[EDH GIJD LULD[G
XHJO R[HU ]LDH HOCQD OCQ OH HSLQLD RLQL O ]HSWF L]D LQJG
GOUQOQ PGLDE OU PLU[NH MIDD PLSH]SG PLD[ZD LG
FLQ]G LNTS ]JSQ O ]OHTD LULDG
OHFE RGN L]LDJD LSLQG
MHTLSO RLLD LUL]G
GN CQHLD U ]WTHS PLCS] ]KL LH HS]SQ ]KL CLG RN
GNHT LWU D[UQD PLWTHQ OH J[IQD FLQ]G L[DC ]DDH@ HD[UQD GKQOH DN LYJQ PHS]SH HNOG
UQ ]C ]H[ZO ]LIEG ]NOO HCDH HF[LH PHJOQH > FS
P[LIJGO ML[Y PCG ZW]TGO L MLOHG PCH FL PLJDI PL[DCG ]C MLOHGO [N HSLC [I
PLFZG ][H] DH MLOHGOH
E O D O P L W F L U L D L Q J P L Z [ W
"FLQ]G [FT [QE FUH DNO PL[DCG ]NOHGQ PLUQG [FT HGQ CL
PGH ]JC GN[D HN[D GSHQQG PGO [QC ]LIEG ]NOO POHN HF[L DNG OU PL[DCG ]JSG [JCO
GSQI ULEGD RNQ [JCO Z[ G]HC PL[QHC [HC [YHL ]N[D ODC@ UQ ]CL[Z LSWO GLS GN[D PLN[DQ
DLYLH ]QC ]HN[D O PLN[DQH [QCLH UHQ PC GLGH UQ ]H[DFG ][U PLC[HZ >DL ]HN[D LWU
C[EG L[HCDDH PLFHQ PLN[DQ VLTHG PDQ[G PHO PL PLSGN ]N[DH GY[ GFHDU
TSNSO M[DQ CYHLG [QHON CYHLG [QQO ]JC GN[D PLWLTHQ ]DD HQOHGO GZ GI H[LW OU DH]N
]HUL[H PHOH GHJCH GDGC PNLSLD RLNL CHG GIG ]LDD HQ RNL LQ
GNI LQ GNI HTLWGH HCHD ][HKZO PLFJ PGO [QC
MOQ ][FG PU D[D PHQH@ JDIQO DNG RQ PL[DC GOUQ LQ HTLWGH HCHD PLSL PU PLFJ PGO [QC
PL[DC GOUQG [QHC DZUL RD [IULOC LD[ >HN CQHL LWU GD[G PLSC GFHDUD HW]]L GI TLW HTLWG
JDIQG LDE OU P]HC GOUQ CHG DNO
PLSHC[G ]HTLLWD PLW]]QG VC GC[SH JF RLWTHQH RLFLQ] PDQ[ LWU CQZ CS]N GNOG C
PL[HCDH PLHFJ PLSH[JCD PLW]]Q
JF RLWTHQH RLFLQ] GL[HQG [G DH POHN GOUQ GLG FJC RGN HD]N RCN C[GH HN CQHLD L[ D
DNO HOUG PLSGNG [WTQN HOUGH HZOJ P PLSL TH]G HOLCH PDQ[G L[DFQ RN ZLLF
JDIQO PLOUQG [WTQ MN
]C ]H[ZO LFN PL]O PL[DCG ]NOHG ]C PLZOJQ HLG [J O FLQ]D Z[ D]N LQ L E
P]HOUGOH [HIJOH DNG OU PL[DCG R]LO PUK RLC PLD[UG RLD O FLQ] ODC PL]SLD UQ
HN CQHL L[C ][HDE LWU RQI [JCO
HLG ]HSHOJ FDOD PLTSNQ COC PGLOU PLJLSQ HLG COH PGLFED ]C P]HC PLKLWQ HLG PLSIJO PH[TQ
FW[
FLQ] ]NTQ PHNLTO ]HDH]H ]HOC
RNH FZ LFEDD PLTLLWQ [QCF RCQO HO FUHLQG HSHOJH FED ON PLONG LQ] PGLOU DH]NH P
FQOH OHJ LFED PLDHOH FHZ LFED PLKHW HLG TLLWD HNI CO PLSGNG OU RCN [DHFQ GNOG
GNFN CQHL U FZ LFED PLDHOH OHJ LFED PLKHW HNI HOCD [DHFQ OHJ LFEDD PLTLLWQ
LHTLNH ][HKZ HFEH COQ GNH]D MIDGH RLDZ GO ]ZIJQG DGI O VN OKHS ][HKZD GNI LQ
GOUQOQ HLOU GLG GILJCO ]UDK QLH ]LOKQ ]OKHKQ RLQNH HO GLG
CQHL LWU G]JQD LQU GNI HSLQLD GIO [QHC ][HKZD GNHIG COC TLLW GID GLG CO@ G]JQD GNI LQ
RQ G]JH MOLG PLOJEG ]C GSLWH JDIQG C[O GOUH EQ CQHL PLDZ GUD[C ]D VTN ]]JQ OKS >HN
KLH] RCN DU[ GE RLFLQ] QTNH FDC[H PDQ[ FT PLJDI TH] C[ U PLZOHJ LH ]HLQLSWG ]HONHCQG
PFDNQ GLG GWY[G OU PLOJE DZN [IW]SH RLDZ GO ]D DGI O G]JQ MH]O R[LUH F[L FHUH EF CQHL
[]NTW RGLOU GWHN GLG ]DD GQCO
PLOJEG ]C GFZ COH ][ LON G]LG CO GD G]J VTN O G]JQG C[G D]N C
OU J[EG LHFJD UUH [DFD HFFY HQ GQ CQHLD TH]DH GQCO PLZ[IS PG MNOH GNH]D
ESZ QU GN CQHL GUF RSHJ UUH RFG ]C GD PLQL[Q HI CLG G]JQ G]HC FFY [GH TG
PLDZ GOO PLOQH G]HJH [IHJ COC GWY[G RQ VHTCL CO DZQ []HL GWY[G OU [IW]S D
PL[HCDH PLHFJ GE RLFLQ] PDQ[ LWU
G]LG PL[DF GOH JDIQOH POHCG RLD GZ[HIH GW[EQG ]C FJC OKS JDIQOH POHCG RLD PGLS HULEG
UQH LHO RD CDH X[ CHGH ]HHJ]GO PLTSNS PLSGNG HLJC UFHL GOHZ ]C UQH RGN ]QQ
[UD DC ]LD LCQK FLQUQ GLG FQUQG C[ CDH X[ CHGH [LD [DFO PLTSNS PLLHOG HLJC UFHL GOHZ
D[ GCQHKG RQ H[GIS CO OU PLLDO LFN HC CD[ LFND GFHDUG RQ PLUSQS FJ ZOTO LFN@ J[IQG
>GSHC[ GUFN GNOGH DW PLJTW VTHL
UH C[H PDQ[ LWU ][HKZG ][KZG [JCO Z[ G]LG GWL[EQG ]ZL[I GNOGO PL[HDT L
PLFZG ][H]D
GNI LQ PGLSWO PLQLFZQ HLG G[HSQGH LQLSWG JDIQ RHLFD HNI P]HC POHCG ]HOUQD PLOHU HOJG
L] CYQH TSNS G[HSQG RHLFD GNI LQ CYLH GHJ]GH LSKG ]C OKSH TSNS LQLSWG JDIQ RHLFD
ZLOFQ GLG HSQQ ZOHF LD[UQG ]C JLSQH LJ[IQG ]C RFQ RLZOHF PLLD[UQ ELH PLLJ[IQ ]H[S
JDIQQ PLSHC[D U D[UD PL[QHC LH G]U HZLOFQH HSFQ GDN HCYQ PLD[UG RLD G[HSQG
CYLH GHJ]G GLS GOUQQ IHNG ]C OKS GOHUG
CYLH GHJ]G G]JQG LOHD RFF[H JDIQG LDE OU PLOJEG ]C [DY G]JQD GNI LQ
VNO [QHON HNH]O HSQQ [IW]S HDH[ZO HC HDGHCO GS]HSH VNG MH]Q MIDG ]C OKHS ][HKZD GNI LQ
PDQ[ C[G H[LW MIDG PU [LKZQ GLG COH HSWJ MH]O TLSNG ][HKZG [C PU HLSWJD HO HS]HS
[LGI LHG HN CQHL ][HKZG GUQD PFC GS CO POHUQ GSHC[ PUW HO CLG LWO H]HC PLFQOQH
RGNDH@ [KZG HO [QHC GSHQQG FU [LKZQ GLG CO GHNL] CO ZHJ[Q COC MLSWQ OLJ]] CO
CYLH GHJ]G [LKZGH JDIQOH POHCG RLDQ PUG H[W >[KZG OHFE RGN LLC OHFE
FZ[Q LQN ]JSD CG OU ][HKZG MLOQ GLG JE RLFLQ] PDQ[G [W G[KZGG GUQ C
CG ON OU FF[]] FU ]OHT
PLHU M[FN CHDO GGH RUG CGL LFN PLOJEG EU ][HKZG [HDYO ML[Y PC ZW]TS ]HNOG LKHZO [WTDH
DS CQHLD PL[WQD UUH WNGHLD
]H[S L] ]DKGO GQFZ [J O ][HKZG PLCS] ]UF GSL GOUQO [NISN D
GW[
]UF VTHL
]HDHK PLSDCD FJCH HOCQD FJCH HSLQLD FJC HD PLIJHC ]HHJ]GO TSNS OHFE RGN RQID@
CYHL CHG OHFE RGN O HLOE[ OHZ GSHQQG UQ RHLNH CLG FZQG LON PDQ[ HL[HJCQ FHWCD
DU[ POHC O ]NH[W PL[QHC LH CLG FZQG LON GSQ VTN ONLGG [U O ]NH[WG ]C HO GLDEG
>CYLH GHJ]GH TSNS D PLFZ GQ ]H[EC KLH] UH
HCYLH HHJ]G PLSGNG HTSNS
PLSHC[G [W PDQ[G PLSGNG PGLJC PH[FO PLSHC[G HFQU POHCG ]HOUQ OU HFQUH PLSGNG HCD
PLFDHUG PH[FO HFQU G[HSQGH JDIQG LSFQ [W C[GH PGL]HFHDUO GQLSW HTSNS P]HC
PUG ]C HN[DH >HLHTLNH VNGH MIDG G]JQG IHNG LSKG@ PGQ FJC ON FLD PLONGH ][HKZG ][KZGD
CO O COH ]JC GN[D HI G]LG FZQD C[EGD PGLFLQ PLONG HJLSG GN[DG ]UDH PLSGN ]N[D
HD]NN PG ]C PL[QHC HLGH FZQD RQC PLSHU RLC L[G ZHTW ON [JC RQC ]LLSUD HZLTWG
[QHC GFHGL LD[ XLYG RQ GOUQO HLFL GLDEQ RLC OHFE RGN FDOQ@ PGLC[ LDE OU PGLWN PLCHSH
>PN[DLH PUG OC HFL ]C R[GC CLH [QCS GLDEQ EGN VC
JDIQO PLZ[HIH DNG RQ PL[DCG ]C PLNLOHQ HNI PLSGNG
RETG IJC DNG ]LYJQO ULEG HSLQLD RETGH DND GOHU GLG [LKZGO GYH[ OHFE RGN RQID@
GNLQT PGLOU MQTH OE[GH C[G PL[DCD HNI PLSGN P]HCQ RHC[G HO KLHGH HGOUGH HSLQLD
MOGH LSG KQS RZ[IH OHFEG RGNG PGLOU MQT PLFLG L] RHC[O LSG KLHG PZ[IH ]KUHQ
>PLZ[HI PL[JCH MQHT CHG GYH[ CHG RQIDH POHN RNH HNH RHC[O LLOG KLHG HO
RLQL M[F JDIQG ]C VLZQ HSLCH OCQ M[F PO CDH@ ]LD[UQ ]LQH[F R[ZO GOHU PLNTSD GNI RGN
>ET PLJDI RLLG RU]L CO LFN POHUG [CN
HO PLCLDQ HLGH ]LQH[F ]LD[UQ R[ZO ULEQ FU RLQLD JDIQG ]C VLZQ MTSQ OHFE RGN RQID@
>HFLD PL[FHTGH R[ZG OU FQHU RETG OCQQ RLLG ]C
RD OYC HFQUH HCD HUZ]H HUL[GH HUZ] PFLD ]H[YHYJ L]H PLDOJG RJO OU PLFQHU PLSGN LS
PL[FHTD RETG VLSGH MTSO GJ HOCQD FJCH HSLQLD FJC >[LG LON OU GSHQQ GLG LHO@ CI[C
HUZ] Z[WO HULEG HO FJHLQG H[LH PHL ON >RES LONDH@ [LD PLLHOG H[DFH OYOYD CI[C RD LZGH
GOH [L OND PLZ[W GO ONG MT@ GLHJ]G GULZ] ON OUH GULZ] Z[W ON OU PUG HHJ]GH
>ES GNHT LWU GULZ] GUH[] GULZ] Z[W OND HLG ]HOHZ
RQC HSLQLD G[GQD GSDL RHY[ LGL HSLZOC ]LD ]FHDUO FLQ] [FT HGI
RUN FU RULEGH RULLTF CSQJ[ ML[D
HW[