D VF RHC[ Z[W
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]CLYL GQU OOHN UQ ]CL[ZD ZTHU GUD ]HOLOD PL[YQ ]CLYL RL[LNIQ HQNH@ PLLHTQ RLSUD
]QC LWU PL[QHC COH RL[LNIQ HKZS MNO PLQE ]H[HDE [LNIQ GOLW]D FQHU GUD >PL[YQ
DZULO
LSWQ GDL]G LSWO [DHU KZS EJ O RH[JCG DHK PHLD GDL]G LSWO [DHUG [QHC GFHGL LD[
[HDLYG GI LWOH R[ LWU LQOH[LD H[QC HQN [HDLYG JLO [LNIL FU PE [LNIGO FLJLO RLC
OOW]GO [JC]G FLJLG HC VTHQD PE ][NIG XGQ HUQ [JCO GJSQD COC PL[LNIQ PSLC
FHUH P[QU D[ [FT LWU H]OLW]D PE [LNIQ XG IL[NG FU VTHQ
PE DHH PEG FL[HQH JH[G DLQ P[ OHZD GOLW]G PFHZ IL[NQ YG PLEGHS ]HQHZQ LH
X [LNIL FU LQOH[LG L[DF C[G [WQ RNH UH[I [HC LWU PEG FL[HQ ONG PL[QHC JOD GOLW]D
IL[NGO [WC [DHT [IULOC LD[H GOLW]O GOHCE RLD ZLTWGO RLC ]L[JD [WC LC GDLTG CLGH GOLW]G PFHZ HSLLG
QF KLH] CD[ U GOLW]O GOHCE MHQTO PLDLLJ RLC DHK PHLD LSWQ HC ZTWG HSLC GOLW]G M[HY PHQ PC ]L[JD
OC[L [HCQ [ HO[ LD CLZ
GI[NG ]NLL RLC [KQ COH OK CO PL[LNIQ RLC XLZD PLEGHSG P]HCO JTWD G[NIGG ]ZTWG RLSUOH
COC ZLTWQ HSLC [HDLYG MNOG >GDHK DH[D RCQQN GC[S LN PE [QHO CO IL[NGO RHNS RLC@
RQTO FTJD PLLJ ONONQ VTHQ ]OW] PFHZ IL[NQ YG ISNCD HEGS LH DSQDH EFLZ JHC CQ[D U GJSQD
F JTW ]HOLW] [FT OL[GQ [WT LWU PE [LNIGO HZLTWL PUO
HQYU LSWD OLD GWK ONOH >G]HC HH[LH X[CD HTSNL LFN@ JND H[LW G[HDED RLF[HL LSWQ
CDKL[D UUH P]NQG [WT X[CG ]C ]HKKQ HLG RN COQOC HID HI ]HD[U]Q RLCH
OU FQU ]QC]WG PNY[C [KQ L]]SH PNDDO OND HFDUOH CLS]F GOW]DF ROSQH
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OU ]TTHDQ C[QEG ]LHZ [ZLU FFYH GOLW]G ]HNID CHDO ]HFJHLQ RSLC ]H[HDE R]HC PE G
PC C[QEG ][DHT ]H[HDE [CD NCQ H]HC PL[LIJQ PLQE ]H[HDE [LNIG CO PC GNOGG
RHLU ML[YH [IHJ HSLC PL[HTC [L]Q RHEN LK[W [DF KLQG
P[LNIGO PE ML[Y RLSQ PLSG ]N[DD PLQED PLZTHU [DNH OLCHG CLHZG ]SHHN [CD LQ L
CTZ
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POHUG ]CL[D [LNIGO PLNL[Y DOD GFHDU PLQLLZQ HSC PHZQ OND ]HC[ZQG RQ FHQLOG CD GI
FYZ QU CJ OI QC [NIO PL[HU LWU GCL[DG ][NIG PHQ L PLQE ]FL[L ][NIGDH
HQNH GDH]H GOC RHO HKZSH GOLW]D PE ][NIG PLDH]NG RQ MLQTGO HCD COC CLHZ GSLC GOLW]D RLSQH HKHWDH
]HHFZH ]H[HDE ]HDC PL[QHC RLSQ DO G[D
J]WQD G J]HW PN MFL ]C J]HW DL]NF GTS[W O J]WQ VC L[QC CD[UQD DU
"[DFG RDHQ GQ HFL ]C J]WQD J]HW RN ]H[DZG ]CH PLQG ]C PJ[G ]C
G J]HW >COCQF C[KT HSLLGF UDKG CL[KQLED PLZOC P UHFLN@ UDKG HSLLGH ]LOCQ FL CLG HFL P]T
IL QU GSHL GOU LWU UDKG M[FD VC LJ ON ]TS[W RQIQH HFL ]C J]WQD
GYH[ PC PL[WQ TH]G GOLOD HOLWC PGLNTSH P]JSQH [Q [QCF C][HCQ PLQG MHTLS GQ
]HYQ L[N H[WL PGH FDC[GQ KQ GNHT CDKL[ U PLZOHJ LH@ LC[ HLSWO GOLOD MTSO
> KU GDH]D CD[G [LW RNH LHOLQD D[UDQ GOLJ]Q MHTLSG
RLLG MHTLSN CFL[E RD[Z ]DHJ HSLC PLQG MHTLS FHUH P GNHT CDKL[D CDHQ RDQ[G [LW [DNH
VC [N MNOH CHG PHLG ]DHJ COC >HLSWO CO MC HL[JCO GOLOD VC HC RD[ZG PU COC [N HSLC@
MHTLSQ CLYHGO HF GNHT LQOH[LD CDHQN@ MTSQ HSLC DH MTLS COH HQHL [DU PCH PFHZG GOLOD
>RQI [JCO VC HCLDQ RLL
COG GHQ] PLD[ RHO P G L N T S H G]JSQH FLQ]G ]OU FDOQ PGLNTSH P]JSQHQ H[F HGIH
PLNHTLS LS COC GNTSH [QHO HO GLGH H[QCS [DN PLWTHQG LNTS L[G FLQ]G ]OHU OU Z[ [DHFQ
MQ LWU PHLG OC TJLL]Q CHG PLQG MHTLS FJCH FLQ]G ]OHUO MLLG RLLG MHTLS FJC PL[DF LSO
JLKN TJSLW GQNJ
DZUL ]HOGZ GY] JHC [IS LSDC HZ LTHT CJ PL[LQ DDHF ]H NHNZ JHC LC RHIJ DLYSG LHFJ L[C ][HDE UUH
CKLO OKHE S[GQ CFO M[N FS] L[] RLUQG XDHZD FHU GC[H PL[HCDH PLHFJ J ]HJSQ C ]LSU]
]UQ [QHC UHGL LD[ DOHO ]OLKS ]UQ [QHC [IULOC LD[ PLQEG OU RL[LNIQ L]QLCQ
FDOD PLQEG ]HQLD [QCSG@ PHZQO JD [HFLT Z[ GSLSU RLC GOLW]D PEG ][NIG [CHDQ H]JSG
L COC >HL]HN[D RLUQ HO R] PHL OND PHL PHL F MH[D L[DH HQ GNHTDH Q ]HN[DD H[QC RLSUN
GNHTD JNHQ HQN LHYL[ PHLZ L PUHSUSDH PLSLQ GUD[C ]OLKSD PN GDZG LSWO LHYL[ RLSU GD
PGLSO FJC RLSU DOHO ]OLKS RQID PEG ]C [LNIGO PLOLJ]Q RNO [IULOC LD[ [QC HGIH IO
DOHOG LHYL[ PH]D HI LHYL[ ]HYQ OLJ]GO L [DHT UHGL LD[H
LCZ CO UHFQH PLQG OU PLSHFLS EJDH RS]F ZLOT GSG C[Q CS] CLEHTG ]OLJ]D IQ[S GI RLSUH
RLSU LN ]UFG RSHJD GOFDGH PLSG ]N[DD RLOCHH PL]QG ]LLJ]D PLQE ]H[HDE RL[LNIQ OU
[QCSG LHYL[ O FJHLQ RLSU HD L COC GOW]G ]OLJ]D PLJD [CN JD ]SL]S Z[ HSLC G[NIGG
PLQEG ]C PLOCH PFHZ
H[QHC ]H[HDED PE [LNIGO JN PC KN ]HN[DDH ROGO TH]D CDHQG LQOH[LG ]UF ][CD]Q GIDH@
PLN[Y ]ZD [JCO P H[LNIGO G[DT RLC PHZQ O HJD [HFLT COC HSLC PCH GOLW] UQH D
GOLW] UQH ]N[DO PLNLLG LHYL[H G[WN ]ZD PE HD L COC
DTZ
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FYLN JD [HFLT COC HI G[NIGD RLC [QCS PCH [NIS PHZQD [QHC PL]QG GLJQ ]N[D ]QL]J
HI G[NIGD L JNHQ COC G]QL]J [JCO GN[DG ]OLJ]D RZ]HG PHZQ O HJD [FTO [WC
GN[DG ]HOONQ F[WS HQYUO FQHUG RLSU
JD Z[ GI GLG HOLCH XQZD G]HC PLFZSQG L PEG ]OQ FHZLS RLSUO GNOG GI RLSUO LH
TJL GO RLC HI G[NIGD LHYL[G FYQ MC OHETD G[QCO HSO GLG GN[DD PL[NIHQG PLJD [CQ FJC
OU G[HQG XQZD ]FZHSQ MNOH GN[DG ][ETQ MH]O TSNHG LCQYU RLSU CLG COC GN[DG TWHKO
EYZ QU CJ OI QC [NIO PL[HU LWU >PHLT
EGS RN QU HGLWQ HZDL G[H] [WTD CDHQH OHETD COH XQZD PEG [QHO HKQ FJ JHC GQ ]H[ECD ZTW RNH
OHETD [QHO FHUH CI[EG ]UFH WCZ [EG
L[ ]KLDH TH]
LSLQ OLOQ PL[WQ LH PH[E HSD[ EJ O LULDD PL[WQ L H]JSG ]UQ
E ROGO CDHQD U PL[WQG HZOJS
]HCG PQ FHL PQ L[G PKWQN LULDD [QCSH GLNTSH LD [QCSH PGLNTSH LSD [QCS
[WTQ PLD[ RHO PLNTS UQQ GLG CO GFUOD RHLN G[FS CO MNOH G[]L GSLC PGLNTSH O L
]HNHT GUFH]G
]JC PUW POHCH FHL PU PNLNTSH PGLNTSH DH]N FLQ] KUQN PSQC [LUGO LH CGH GF T ]HQDLD TH]D L GI ]QEHF
G[F PH L CQH [TJ ULWHQ EOKN [DFQD
PLQUKH PLSLSU
RGNG Y[O G[H] O GOQU T[KSHZ U G[HDED RLF[HL LSWQ RSJHL LD[ [QC "PLQE ]H[HDE LCQ
[U QU GLC[ ]OHU [HFLT ][YU LSLQ OCHQQ P QU PL[QCQ LKHZO G EJ ZLFY L[W VHTD
GOW] HI [QHC LHG DOD CLG GFHDU CLG HILC PNDDO OND HFDUOH CG ]C GDGCO
MH[U JTHS GOHFEG ]TSN LSC HSO HN[U L[JC HSOYC ]LUQ GHYQ CLG PC G O W ] G
FYQ G]DHJ CYL CO ONH DOG ]DHJH G[ZLUD ]LSHLU GHYQ PSQC GSG GS]Q L]OD [FHTQH
HFDUOH H[QC HQN PFC O HDOD GFHDU COC GOW] RLC GQHCQ GUQD PE GU CO DOG
CLG M[D]L HC[HD LSWO PFCG RQ [FS DO OND GFHDU GSG HN GFHDU CLG HILC PNDDO OND
GOW]
ZDO OF]QN FLQ] CHG MC HFLD H]HC]H HQOHG HLYWJ HQOHUD ]JC GU PFCO HO RLC
HGH[L]NL HGHDDTL [C PLUEWG CDY HC[ OUQ VHFGO VFH[NH HQHLZH HFQUO [TJG ]C
OOHJQH PLUQG ON RHFC H[YHL ]C JNL ]HOF]GG ]FLZH XWJG ZIHJ L[JC PCH PL[ZDO
HSNTLG HL]HSNG ON HGH[IUL COH PLUQG ON HGHOLUHL CO HFUOD [CH ]HU[HCQG ON
]HWTL COG ZHJ[ DOGH GWD FDNO "GOW] ]HYQ HIG GWG VHYWY PLOLQ O [YHC "HL]HOW]
IHIUD GOW]G L[FTQ HLOU H[LKQL [C FZ P[IQ TQL CO [C RDCG DO OU UW OU CKJ
ETZ
]UF VTHL
OHZO [HUL COH GZHQUG H]QF[]D PF[S CHGH P]OW] LN[UQ LWSND H[L]TG [C PFZ
C[HZG
PO]GOH GI LOHJQ CW[GO PFCG OU FDNL FCQ GQ RNC OND E[HQH KHW [DF PSQCG
GOW] ]LLU ODC RHC[ ONHQD TCQS CHG UDZ GOW] ]LLU PSQC PC LN GOW]G ]HYQD
OU PFCO [JDS []HLG RLSZGH GOHFE []HLG ]HQLOG RQ CHG GD PHZQG LSWO PLSHSJ]H PLQJ[
GSG HGUF MLN[F OND GD RLHO] G[H] LWHE ON G[H]D GSKZ G[W HILC H[QCH FOJ LSW
G[H] LWHE ON HGI M[HF PFCG PLN[FG OND ]L H]JEG O GULFLG
LE[GOH DO J]WO G[LG M[FG HSLSWO ]H[HGO [FHTQH MH[U [CHDQ [DF HSLFLD RLC PSQCH
GFLJLG GCHW[G CLG GD OQUGH G[H]D RHLUG Z[H GWOUD G[H]D GSHD]G OQU ]OHI ]HLON
D[ LWOH GLHO] GSHD]G ]ONOND WSG ]HSFU]G WSG LCHOJ] ONO ONG]OOHNGH
H]JEG ]HCLOW [LNGO LQLQ ]HOLYCH FZ LE[ LE[GO OJ]H WSG OFE] GDHKH GONONG
PHL PHL HLCH[D OU PLDH[QG HLQJ[H M[D]L
GC[LG ]QNJ HQN PSQC LN H]FHU] FLQ] [HNIOH M[D]L HLOC HDDO RNGO PFCG OU PSQC
GC[LG ]QNJ ][IUO G[H]G RLSZ CLG GNL[Y RN GNOGG ]QNJH G[H]G FHQLO ][IUO GNL[Y
GI ]C GI HDNULH FJL PGLSD PFCG OF]L [CN GI ]C GI PLOFEQH GI ]C GI PG PL[IHUH
RGQ ]JCD PFCG GW[]L PC
H[QC HN[H [HUD HLSLSZN WSG ]HOUQD PFCG LSLSZ GFLZGH ]HOF]GG L[JC PSQC
FLQ] HLSW PFCG PLL WSG [HUD RN HO [HUG LQQ ZDL [U]LH PFCG GUL GQ
G[UGSHQ ]OW]D GOHFEG ]TSN LSC HSZ] HQNH G[H]G ]SHD]D HGSLDLH HSSHJL H[YHLO
GOW]G L[JC [HYS LZOC ]N[DDH C[FTF GHFZDH GD[GDGC ]OW]DH GUFG OU GN[D
DO D[ZQ OOW]GOH FLQ] [HNIO PFCG OUH ]HQHZQ FHUDH GLQ ML[D ]N[DDH
PFCG GNIL PCH ]HUQF L[UQ XHJ HOUSS PL[UG ON FZQG ]LD D[J PHLQ H[QC GSGH
GSG GD PHZQG LSWO LNDD HDDO TQL FU G[H]G]ULFL [FUGD TCQSGH U[G ]C LE[GO
PFCG OU MC ]UQS H]OW] CHG JKDHQ [DNH HZOJ L[CH GD[G GNI [DN LN PFCG UFL
OQUGH HFOJ LQL ON OFEH MOHG GFG XUN PFCG LN PHL PHL H]FLZ OU GFLZ VLTHGO
CSZ EJ LC RHIJ ]H[EC XDHZ MH]Q ]QCD PLLJ PLC[ZSG GSG RG ]HOF]GGH
CLHHJO JYSF RCQ C]LCFNH G FDHU ONO UHFLN GOW]G DNUO U[G [YLG ]QEQ ONH
CHG MN HLUQ OND PFCG ]FHDU LWN Z[ GOW]GO GYU RLC LN ]QCGH CNOQF C][D DHTSO
OND PHLG OND DOG ]HZZH]GD LHO] DOD GFHDU GHC[Z RNO GOW]D GW JH]WO OHNL
FQ[] CYLH ]QC ]W MH]Q HLUQ
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ZLFYGO GJHSQ RLC POHUO LN GFHDUG [ZLU CHG ]L HD ZDF]GO FLQ] DOG ]HDGO]G ]ZH]
HDOG D[ZO GZH]G FLQ] L RNOH []HLD GD[]Q ]UFG IC VHEG KUQ RZ]Q [CN
JO[] JOLH P ]HLQLSWGO
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PFCG ]TLW]Q GOUQO [HZQG CHG COIQ HOLCH PFCG ON ]TLW]H ]EG LW OU GHYQG
LN MCOQ FLD R[TQ CO HOOG ]HJ]WQ GO RLSU GIH >UFHSN OC[LO OIQ RLC ]SLJD@
PL[DF GO [HH PLC[DSG ONH ]EG LW OU CHG GHYQG GUQQ Z[ C[DS MCOQG
PLC[DSG ]TLW]Q GOUQO [HGH [HZQGQ GQG HOOG
GLG GI ]QCD PL]QG ]LLJ]H PLQE O J]WQ HGLOCO [TQS COG TH]G ]LHZ JSH] GIDH
ZLFY L[W LWU PLLZQ HQYUD GDZG OHNLDNH [IHE ZLFY LN ]HJLO FYQ COH [HZQG ]SLJDQ
DQ ][YU LSLQO
]QC ]W MOQO LUQ D CW QU ELH ]GU PLLJ XWJ UU
GQJ[ ]C J]WLH PLZOC GLOC UQLH OJ[ ]C PLZOC [NILH GLJ O J]WQH
GSHLOU GHFZ GOYC G[H FOLO ]U[HN ]UD ]FOHLG LN ]FOHL ]CQHK RLSU GID [WO L
LN GIG PHZQD GCQHK ]FOHS LICH GHFZGH GSLNG ]ZO]TQ POHUG [LHCO FOHG ]CY [JCH
PUKG H]HCQ CLG ]Q ]CQHK HQNH GCQHK GQHZQD FOHS GHFZ ]HZO]TG L PHZQ OND
UL[I] [W OCHQQ PD RNH ZYHZQ ZG[G PD LZYCOW RF [LCQ [EGQ G[H] OGCD CDHQ RN
LQLH M[YLH MC[D LQD PC LN LFLD G[HTQ M]OYG RLC L]D LUF GCO ]FOLQG [QC]H
MLSHFC CHG MLZOC OC LC[Z LQHZ RNO GL[D PHO [TQS CO GLJG J]WQ HD MSHJKD
HFLD G[HTQ M]OYG LUFH HO LHJ]GH
GILC L PCH ]FZWS GCG ]CIG ]UD L]D LUF [DQG OU D] PFHZ GO [QC] FHUH
DHKH ]QG ]HQD XHWJL CO LN PLDG ]DH]D XWJ RQJ[ OC CHG MD L[IJ MFLD G[LDU
]H[QQ FJ C[ RHEN GD GIL[I ]HLGO GHYQ GILC [DQG OU D] PFHZ GCG ODZ]
]YLYO [QY ]HHKO HC ]H[FQH ]HLTSN L]DD ZLOFGO GOL]W ]HUO GLOU ODZO HC PLSG
]HUO DHKH HOCO PLQHF PL[DFH ]TSNG ]LD O ]HLU ]HSZOH FZ O ]H]LOK TDNO HC
G[FS HC [DF ]HUO GUDS PC ZWTG OU G[]G GO
INFN [LQILCQ RGNG HGLOC LD[O [THQ KD MH]Q
Z[ CO FQOQ PLQG MHTLSH GHFZ CLG HOH GS]LS G LFLQ GJQ ON PLOQTQ RLLG LNTS
][HZG GJEGG ]S]Q GSG PLQ ]WLK ON COC OONG RQ ]CYHL M[FD HO GNHI PFCG GQ
JLJN CYLH [LG [[ H[LW LWU G PU H]HC
HW[] GDCHG ]LD ]JQ LDY X[C DW[ D[ ]HD U PLQG MHTLS LQUKD FHU
GTZ