GQGDG OND ]KHWH HD GLHO] GQSG [DC OU G[HQ]G GOJ ][JC GUF LWO RN]LH
GQGD LYJ OU [LQG PC RN]L PE CFJD LTHL LD[N GO [DTF Q[ ]UFD [QHCG GF HN TH]G HFFY
XH[L]D P HD GLHO] GQSG [DFD HOLWC GOJ GSLC [DCD PEG GOHN OU G[HQ]G GOJ
RN
RLOHJ ]QGD CG] [QHCD HGQ GFD P NNH >DGN DJ [IULJC E G[HQ] PDQ[G ]UF ]LC[S RNH@ LSG
G[HQ] H][HQ] FZ ]QGD O GLYJ ]J]
CL L PLWF
KJN RLFG GQH ][DHUQ GQGD LFZQDH HFDO [DHU LFZQD RLFG GQ "PL[DHUG OU GOJ GHFZ PCG FL
"LJ [DHU HD CYQH RD[Z
FOHSN HSDL[ZL PCH D[ZLO HFZ HSLC [DHUG ]C LFZQGH PL[DHU OU GOJ GHFZ RLC [QC CFW [D
VC LFZQH PL[DHU OU GOJ GHFZ [QC RSJHL LD[H L[ G[IUD RLOHJ DL[ZQ GI L[G GFZG COO
GFOLH ][DHUQ ]CKJ LFZQG HL[DFOH GID FFY ]QC ]WH TH] RQI [THJQ ]FZG RLFN CO GOLJ]NO
TH]H L[U G]LQO HSLF ]CKJ FOH GI L[G CFW [DO HOLCH [WN]Q GFOHHD GY[ [WN]Q GD GY[
L[WQN GI L[G MNOG CHG HQC M[L HCO [DHU [LLHQ RLOHJO HC ][JC GHFZO H[LL PC L[G
GU[] GLSGH GY[L RGQ HILCD [WN]Q ]HL[JCO ]HCKJ L]
OLCHG PHQ ]OUD LUQD [DHUD COC [QC CO FZ]S CFW [DO VC GQLQ] LUQD [DHU C[QED HZLTG
RD[Z ]HFZ HLOU GOJ CO PHQ]OUD CLGH HQC M[LN CHGH
HFLQUG KL ROGO LWUCH@ IFO ZD LGZ QGUH QJOD UH HF QGHTW PDQ[ RSJHL LD[N GNOG
NWUCH [LHQ H[LL PLFHQ PLQNJ PE OY PLZOHJ PLQNJ HCNO UQQH JHL[N [IUOC LD[ L[DF
>GOD UH PLQNJN IF G[HQ] ZTWH JHL[N ZTW PDQ[D QNH GU[L FOHG PL[DHT
GQGD LUQD [DHU LFZQG MNOG CFW [D LWO PE [DHUG OU GOJ JDIQO PLQF ]HFZ C[QED [CHDQ
GILED ][]HQH [DHUG HJLN PHQ ELC GOLUQ PDQ[ CL QE RSD[FQ GFHDUD PCG G[HTC
FOHG RLC P]T LFZQD ODC [WQD CZHF CFW [DO VC [DHUG OU PLQF ]HFZ GOJ GI C
MHQTDN PNTHQ HSLC RN]LH DEO CHIJ HFZ
GSQG [HCDD TH] LWU VHEG ]HFZ HLOU OHJ] FOHSN PLQF ]HFZ [DHUG OU GOJ RHLN D
FN ROGO
HSLDG RNH HLQFO [NI LFZQ RLFN FOHSNO VHEG ]HFZ COLQQ GOJ G[HQ PGL[DF KW@
G RLN[U IL[EG LD]N >JNZ LL ]LD DHJ UH PGL[DF OU GZGH@ IKJL ]H[HND CHIJ PLSH[JC GQN
CO P]TD ODC PLQFO LFZQ [LW [CN CZHF JNHQ ILWOH CHS EJ [IULJC DZT C CHZ FHF FZQ
L[ NQNH RLOHJ LHG FOHSN CFW [DO C[QED UQQ L[G OSG G[HQ] CHIJG NQN OON FZ]S
LOLUQG D[G L[DFNH VHEG ]HFZ HLFZGO ML[Y FOHSN PGL[DF [W ]QC ]WD POHCH
KZS UQQH L[ ]UFD P [IULJCD NNH CLEHTG ]OLJ]D L[ RHOQ ZLLF RNH ZQKLD
>CHIJGN COFH FOHSN [DHUG LFZGO HO L P]T LFZQD VC
DEO CHIJ LWU GI RLFO J[NG RLC CSZTQG LWOH
GLFZG PC >PLFJ GUD[C RD RHEN HLFJ HO HON CO RLLFUH@ LJ [DHU GD CYQH ]CKJG ]C KJHG
RN GOLOH PHLO GSHGN L[NIO ONCGO HO GOLUHG PCG ]ZL[IH HL[DF ONO ]CKJN HSLF L[G ][DHUQ CLGN
F
G[HQ] ]NTQO ]HDH]H ]HOC
OSN PL[DHUG OU GOJ GHFZG LGZ ]HSHLOE UH DCEO G[HQ] CHIJG D]N [CN C[QEG KWQ UQQ
PLHFZ PG RQC LUQD PLFZ ]HFOH PCG PLQNJG ]ZHOJQD [DFG LHO] G[DU]S MN [JCH GLFZG
RLOHJ HGL[GH PLHFZ PG R]FLOD [QHON P]LHHGD HC ]CKJN HSLFH
G[HQ] PDQ[ ]CKJG [DN ONCGO FOHG RLF MNOG PLHFZ RQC LUQD PLFZ ]HFOH GNOGO C
KNDN [HQC GQNJ MQ [WTD GSQD GF EO ]QC ]W JDO CHIJ DLF QTN UH EF
PH FWT RLOHJ C]WTH]O RLLYH LJ CHG LWUC CYHLD OTWSH PHLG H]HCD HONCO ML[Y [CHDQ
PLUOZO XHJ GCLYLD OTWS CO [CHDQ
HQC ]KLJD []LS HSLC FU RLOHJD [LCQ LD[ L[DFO HLFJ HO HON PCG ]KLJ RQID PC D
HOLWC GI RWHCD [CHDQ L[QH >D PG[DC U[I U ONCS HSLC RLFG PLQNJO VC CLH@
GLLHG HO L [DN FOHS HOLCN [DHUG FZ]S G[DU]S NJCH GLFZG
][H]D ONCS FOHG GC[S PLHFZ PG R]LHHGD [QCF RCQO GOTWSH GQO CO ]CKJG KJ E
JI DJ [IULJC LWU PCG GOTWS LWUC HQC ]KLJD []LSH RLOHJ
G[HQ] CHIJ LWU G[HDZ RHUK FOHG GC[S FOHS PFHZ HQC KJH HFDO [DHUG LFZG F
DEO
GN ROGO [DHU ]FZG LSLFD FHU
CL VF
"ROGOF PL[ZQD RLFG GQ HK
HLQFO HC HQYUD D[ZLGO GQGDQ FJC [DC LFZQG C
VHUQ [DC LFZG D
HLQFO [NI LFZG E
GQGDG [HU LFZG F
GO HSQQ R]L [C ON GOHU GOHN RLC GFHGL LD[H [LCQ LD[ L[DFO GOHU HI GQGD O GOE[ [QHCG C
GD [DC H]HC LQFQ XHJ RLOHJ GLQFH ]HOHU LN[YO [NQ] COC FZ GLGL RLOHJO CY] COH HOHN COH
H]DHJ LFL CYHL MNOG FNH IHID GOHU HC GLLJD GOHU [FHS JZHOG [DHFQH [NHQG ]DHJO D[Z [DCGH@
>GOHU [DN GOE[ HI GQGD ]JLZOD
CZHFH G RLN[U U GOHN ]C ]HD[O FZ GLGL [C ON GOHU GOHN RHUQ LD[H LTHL LD[ L[DFO
F RLN[U LWU [DCG H]HC COC HFZ RLC NOC D[ZLGO GLHC[G GQLQ] GQGD
OOND PCG PLC[HQC HZOJSH@ GOHU GOHN HD GLHO] GQSG [DC LFZQD GFHGL LD[ GFHQ H[QCH
PCG HZOJS RNH OOND GODS G]HC GHU [DF Z[H GLJ GWL[K CQ HC GWL[K G]HC GHU [DF GI
>HCO PC CLG GOLDS GD OOJH M[L GOKLS
LFZG MNOG GLJ GSLC GW[K CCL GKLJ RO CQLLZH DHK ZGUQ PDQ[ GFHGL LD[N GNOG
]HNOG LKHZO GOHND GHFZ GKW GWL[K G]HC GHU [DF
L[ LTHL LD[O HOHN HFZ MN MH]QH VHEG ]HFZ HLOU ]]JHS PCG CD[ ZW]TS HLQFO [DC LFZG
HZL] HEQ LS PL[QHC RLC CQ HC
G
]UF VTHL
H]HC LQFQ XHJ RLOHJ GLQFH RD[Z LN[YO [NQL] FYLN GFWL] COH D[ZL] ZWTD [DFG RHLN C
JNZ LL ]LD TI[EG LHFJ G RLN[U IL[EG LD]NDH NHSD UH FLG RLN[U PDQ[ [DC
PJO LWU ZWT RLCH GOHN ]C LFZQN GI L[G HD GLHO] GQSG [DC LFZQD PL[QHC L D
L[U [DFD ZHOLJ RLC CLH EZT D CHZ FHF FZQ UH PDQ[G ]UFD HKG RLN[U GSQ
G RLN[U
G RLN[U U ]LDG ZFD ]HFZD
HCO PC GILED []HQ PCG FJC [DC LFZQD ZW]TS FHU
ELC GOLUQ PDQ[GH L[ GILED COC HZW]TS CO [DCG JN PHQ [HTC LCFH GFHDUD C
GFHDU RLSUO VC ZWTG D]N
LD[F CDLOC GOE[ LFZQD RHEN GOHND GHFZ G]JS CON ZWTG [CHDQ ]YDHZQ GKLD D
FW] MHSLJ ]JSQD NNH GILED [HTC LCFH GOHND GHFZ G]JS PC UQQH GFHGL
PE FJO ]CI CLYHG RLCQ UFHL LSLCH@ GOHND GHFZ G]JS RWHCD ZWTG [W ]HNOG LKHZODH
EO ]HC ZQKD PE UH FDOD [DCG H]HC ]ILED HZW]TS ZLHFQ C[QEG RHOQ PE GILED []HQ GI RWHCD
]ILE OU ZWTG GC[S PDQ[GQ PSQC RN UQQ ]HW]HD [HNDO RHLQFGQ PE GOHN GFZ]S CO UQQH
MC GOHND GHFZ GKWD [DHFQ GOD FQO GIQ GC[SH P JSQH G RLN[U MOQG [UD NNH GOHN
GHFZ L L[GH GOHN ]C IIHEN DJS PHQ G]ILE [HTCO L GOHND GHFZG GKW]S CO PC VC RN]L
> GOHND GHFZ G]JS NQD ZQKGH E[ ]SHHN HI RN]LH G]YZQD
GQGD HCO PC RD[Z G[WD DH]N L[G HOHND GHFZ GKW HD PL[QHC PCG VHUD CD[ ZW]TS D
HZL]
GID RN]L CQOU LOHNOH HD GLHO] GQSG [DCD [LW COH@ LTHL LD[O ZWTG [W L[
[DCD GFHQ GFHGL LD[ PCG FFY ZQKD U VHUO GQGD RLD ZHOLJ RLCH C[DTQ HOHN HFZ LCFH
UUH C[DTQ HD]N LSWH RZIG L[H]DH C[ZQ PLFQO I RLHFZ TH]UH C[ZQ HC C[DTQ HD GLHO] GQSG
NLWUCH GFHGL LD[N DHK ZGUQ ZTW PDQ[G POHCH > CD CHZ PLFZ FHF FZQ P CD[
G RLN[U OGDH P QJO U PL[WQG H[LUG [CN VHUD ZWTG CLDG
]HFZ HFZ HSLC CD[ [QC GOLJ]D
VHEG ]HFZ HFZ GOHU HLQFD CLDGO HLQFO [NI LFZG CD[ [QC E
P CSGN D[ [QC RNH KL ROGO D[ [QC GFHGL D[ G[W LWN GSQG JNQ HD [IJH VHEG
RSD[FQ COC HSLC GI RLF D]N CL ]HUHD PL[HCDH PLHFJD CDHG KN PL[FS C[H]D C
PC@ RLOHJO CYL OUQH HLQFO [NI LFZQG OH]G GF HN ]H[HND TH]G [HCDD D]N LQ L D
GOJ VHEG ]HFZ ODC PLQFG ]HFZ PHQ COC HSLC HD GOLUQG RLF ON PHQ
GUZW PLQF ]HFZ GUZW ON PHQ PC GOLUQ GD RLC MNOG PFCG LU COH GLOCQ
H DJ PL[LQ DDHF LWU >GSQQ ]UDHSG VHEG ]HFZ COLQQ
ODC [HUG JN PHQ G[HTC LCFH RSD[FQH GFHDUD HGQ G[HU LFZG ZQKD GLEG RN GD[Q LLDC OC F
L[ GLOU GZHO PCG ZW]TGO L C]L[HCFQ
H
G[HQ] ]NTQO ]HDH]H ]HOC
E[ [HUG JN PHQ PL[THC LH MND [HUG LJNQ HSLC []HQ LCFH GILED D]N L[ C
PLC[HQC JQ D]NH GILED JN L GOZ RLOHJQ GQ] ILG RLN[U QGUD PE UH
[DFD
OE[D COC [QC CO CQ LTHL LD[O GOHN FZ]] PCG ZW]TGO L H]QGD [HU LFZQG D
ZQKL CO [HU ODC GD[ZGO GLHC[G
DL CL PLWF
"PLCDG PL[ZQD RLFG GQ IK
PLSWD GKJH RLOHJ G[DHUH PLQO ]QGD C
XHJD GKJH PLQO G[DHUH RLOHJ CLG D
D[Q LLDC OC RQC LUQD COH PLHFZ PG R]LLHGD PLFZ LFOH [QCF RCQO RLOHJ GFOHH PLQO CLG C
HSLC RHLN GOLNCD []HQ FOHHGH G[IUD RLOHJ GI RLC HO [QCH HCO PC G[IUD RLOHJ GUS PCG VTHL
PHZQ ZHJL[D HKJO OHNL
G[DHU [LLH G]HC LFZG RWHCD PLHFZ RQC LUQD PLKZHS RFLFO PE C]HZWS [DFD L C
GO
OU IDF[ LWU G[IUD CLG ]HQN GSKJL COH FO] FU RL]QGO L GOLJ]NO PL[QHC L D
CSLFO UY D]N ]QC ]WDH FD GKLJ PDQ[G
D RH[JC T[KSHZ FHF FZQ [WTDH [DHUO HLFJ HO HONN RLFG CHG ]YDHZQ GKLD UQQ E
HQC LUQO FL ]KHGD XHJD HKJO LHC[ COG ZJ[L LN HD C[HZ LSC RLC UHFQ RN PC GQ] EZT
VTHL D[ HO [QCH XHJ LKHJ PHQ GLOU DLLJ PCG LLDC ZW]TS XHJD GKJH PLQO GFOHH RLOHJ CLG D
L[ D[ZLGO G]U LHC[ [DHUG RLC GO PCLDGH
HD C[HZ LSC RLC [HKW
l
OKDQ XHJD GKJHN ]QC ]W [WH ELJL ZGUQ PDQ[ XHJD GKJO [HTC GZHO HSLC LWUC C
L[DFN OHTWH LJN HSLC DH PCG GKJS [DN RHLN PEH RD[ZO OHTWH RWHF CYHL HGL[G H]D[ZG FOHGQ
FU RLOHJD TH]G
GU]COD GI L[G PLSWO RQI [JCO LHC[G [DF ON FLZ PLJDID RHUQ LD[O ZW]TGO L D
RLC MNOG ][JC ]HCLYQ CHG IC LHC[ CGLH FOHHLN CQ HC GZHO RCN PE PCG
LN [HKW [O VC GC[S D]N ]QC ]WDH KL ROGO UU RQI [JCO CHDO LHC[N DJS GI
PLSWD FOHHG LDEO GLHC[ GSLC POHUO PCG ]KLJ
DL VF
"RHDJ LWO COC PL[THC HC PLOTHW PSLC HS]SQD PLQNJ HSQ PL[DF HOC C IL
"RLFG GQ ]CKJ LQ R]S NJCH LOND [WCG PLFZG D
I