]HQHZQ GQNQ TH]G OU HZG LH GZLI RLC GF P L[Q ZLHFQ RNH G[H]G RQ G[HTC [HWQ IL CDKL[DH
PLSH[JCG LOHFEQ POHCH GZT HK UGC GDH] LJ]W [SO MH[U U PDQ[G ]KL PU P]KL ]HHGO HY[H
EHK UGC [LCQ ]LD G PLS]J ]WHJ MOQG [U U RN HKZS CO
GSLC LW OU VC H]TH[C PCD HC H]TH[C ]DD PLWH] RLHFLZ RLC TH]G PLFHQ FFLY LQ L
G UGC GSLD L[QC U [DFD PLZOJQ PSLC LH D DZUL ]HOGZ U G[H]GQ G[HTC
IK[ HJH CIQ ]HHYQG T[KSHZ GJ LHOG KD EGY L[JC [W GOC ZQUG HK OHFE [HC E LDY [GH G[HC R[Z UU
UHFQ H[LUG LH PLSD COD ]QH HLJC GCSH >G[E PC RLFG CHGH@ GOUD ]Q H]HQJ L[W H]HQJ
]DG G]QH HLJC ]D ]C CS RDHC[ RHEN [LW COH ]LSD GCLSH GOUD ]Q [QHO L[ M[YHG
GJF GUFU DL[G ]HD U PHDLO HLSWO ]OWHS H]HQJ CLG HLJC ]C L[GH JCG ]Q MN [JCH
LDC K LTHT UGC GD[ GZIJ DJ ]J[Q GNFS UGC CSLS] GFHGLD UFHS CZU[H P[GQ UUH PLFFY GQNQ CLHZG
CE[ EJ LHOG KD JID GCLD L[HTLC L[IU
C]OQF PHDLO ]OWHSG GH[UO CQEHFN H]HQJ QED HKZS MNO GOWSF GF JN ROGO L[ NQLWU OL KHW RWHCDH
H]HQJD []HL KHWGH JLNG RWHCG L[ RCN KZS RNOH KHW RGD G[ZQG RLC ]HL[U [CQ []HL CLG CJLNF
]QDLL]Q COH RHOG ]QDLL]Q COH ]YOHJ G][Y GSCLQ COH RCQO GOHNLG ONH DU
[JCO HLNU RCQ] PC PE OLUHL COH JN ROGO ][JC GSQD RN HZLLF HQN OON PHDL GD MLL RLC G[HQ
]LC[S GOLWS ]UD PHQ PLQNJ H[IE EL C[QED ROGO [CHDQ [DFG PUKH PHDLO GOWS
EL CD[ LWU GH[U][YN
ZLD CHI [ LD[G [FTG OLOD [WTO GLQHWD COE[Q CZSLWTQ ZLILLC ZJYL [ HFZG D[G
GSQG FHQOO HOLJ]GH ]HLSQ HQU FHQOO ULI E[HDOZLSQ CZOUQ [ LD[GQ PUW
POHUG VHT FU RGL]H[Y ]H[YH RGL]H[Y ]H[KHW PLS G[U QJ ]HQDL ]NTQD GSHC[G
GSQ [WO L MN [QCH CHI [ LD[G DGO]G GKHWN GSQG ]C [ LD[G [CLD [CN
RGL]H[Y ]H[KHW PG CSC [QHON PCS PLS LHG PQ GL P GI G[U QJ HI
FU OC[L O PGL]H[Y ]H[YH PGL]H[Y ZOTH CS [HKW POHUG ON VHT FU RGL]H[Y ]H[YH
GW VF JTWO R[GC ]LD UUH CZSLWT JTW O GFEG LWU ]H[HFG ON VHT
E VF
C[LTCF CHG CD[HZ PHQ COF HQOHUD GLG CO HLJC ]C LQZQ H]ONO GQFZLOF CHG RLFDH
]C OU COH HQOHUD GLG CO HLJC ]C OU CLHZG HKZS CZHFD > TH]H L[N COF@ PL[WQ L
CO JC ]C NCQ H]ONO GQLFZGO [WC MNO GD[HZ PHQ G[HTC GSH[JCG HI LN HQCQ HLJC
COF C[QEG RHO KWN@ GD[HZ PHQ COH HQOHUD GLG CO MNQ UDHS [HTLCG [ZLU HQOHUD GLG
[HTLCG P[HE GI CO ODC JC ]C CHG [HTLCG P [DF O HWHTD PSQCH > C[LTCF CHG CD[HZ PHQ
G
RHLYO [HC HC ]HLC JQ [HC UH L[LCQH RDQ[ LWU
]UF VTHL
GYH[ PC UQQ ]H[KHW RHO PL[WQ TH]H L[ ]H[THC LS]LO ]H[KHW CS]F CL[LC LCQH
LC C[QEG XH[L] RDHQ RLC RN PC [HTLCD ONLGOH ]HUKO PFC LSD PLOHOU GSHHNG RLCH PDLLQ
OZGOQ [LQJGO HUKL VLFU PHZQ ONQ COG GYOJ XOJLQ ODC PDLLO [HTC CSLQC GHG ]H[THC CS]
HQDL]S PL[LNQ OOG ]LD HYOJ EL CWLTD HS L[G OON ]HUK J RCN RLC LCFH COC
HSULQQ GQ CL[D HN[F DEC HSULQGO CS]G M[F LSWQ CLG CLHZG Z[ PLOTHW OOG ]LD
HSULQGO VLFU X[]QH PDLLO [HTC HSULQGO ]H[THC [QHO HO GLG RN PCH CWLTD H[LWD
FTZ UH[I [HC J[GQ ]DH] LWU XHOJO ML[Y RLC []G O HFLJ
HFZG LWU P [[YO JZ] CO DH]NG RHO CHG RN LSWQ ]H[THC LS]LO CLHZG [WQ LQ LH
HC[FQ
FHQLO ML[Y UHFQ [ELC CDLZU LD[ RHCEG GZG RLSQ G][Y ][Y G][Y COC LO RLCH DU
GD RLC PLSD HO L JC ]CN CLG L[G ]QDLL]Q GSLC G[YG RHLN COG G[Y ][Y [HTCO FJHLQ
COLQQ L[G RN PCH HQOHUD GLG CO JC ]C RLFNH ]HL[UGQ ]JC ONN PDLG OU G[HTCH PHDL RLF
"POHUG VHT FU RNH GH[U ][YN G][Y
G[YZD PGLYH[L]Q GQN L[GH HI GLHZD HSF HSLSWO [HFD PLSH[JC GD[G
GSLC PC ODC ]QDLL]Q GSLC MNO GDLTG CHG GH[U[HTLC [CN COC G][Y ][KHW GH[U RLC
GSLC ]QDL]Q GSLC LWUC ]LSHOLC HSLYQ PNH G[Y [KHW G[HTLC RLC ][JC GDLTQ ]QDLL]Q
[JC PUKQ COC JC ]C PHQ GSLC GQYU ]LSHOLCG [HKW ]DLT RHLN ]JC GUF LWO G][Y ][KHW
]C USHQG [HTLC H]HC G[H] G[QC HOLCN [HTLC PHQ G[HKW GQYU CLG [CN COC G[Y [HKW RLCH
OOND GSLC ]LSHOLC [DHT [QHO L G][Y ][KHW ]LSHOLC [QHCGH@ G][YQ PE USHQ GSQQ PHDLG
G][Y ][KHW MNO PLSD GO L JC ]CNH GH[U PHQ CLG G[HTLC ]DLT COLQQH C[ZLUQ PHDL []G
GSLC [JC PUKQ COC [HTLC PHQ G[KWS CO ON C[DTG [ZLU PLLZO L HI GUFO PE ODC
GH[UG G[H]G HFLJ LSWQ COC LQYUG G[HTLC OOED ][KWS GSLC GH[U ][Y MNOG >G][Y ][KHW
RQLLG GQO [ LHFJ I GQ L[QC UH GFD ]H[UG XDHZ LWU G][Y ][KHW PLUFHL HSLLG CO G]HC ][THC
EL ROGO CDHQD UUH IE QU PG[DC ]N[D WZ FJH DE[ EJ LHOG KD H DZUL ]HOGZ JO IO LL ]LD C
GQYU G[YD RH[TJG RLC RHLN G][Y ][KHW G[YG G]LG CO ]FJHLQG G[FG COHO DH[Z RHSETD
G][Y [HKWO GLHC[ GSLC MC G[HKW CLG HSLLF RNOH PHDLQ G[H] G]USQ GH[U ][Y CLG RHLN COC
E KS[EG LHFJ CIO LL ]LD UH KOZ CHIJ LWU ]QDLL]Q GSLC JC ]C GQYU CLG PEG
[QHON@ GLS GOLWSD ]QDLL]Q GQYU GH[UG][Y VC [QHC L]LLG FJHLQ FHQLO COHO PLY[]Q LH
GS[EL PC VC L[G@ PDLG OU G[HTLC UZW PN LSG JCG GQDLN PHQ >LSG JCG ]Q [CN
]QJQ JC ]C [HTLC GSQQ UZW MN > JC ]C PHQ HLOU G[HTC GSLCH DH G]CO HO []HQ
]HOLGZD FFY RNH G Z[EG LHFLJ LWU HQHZQDH ]QG HLJC ]J] TSNS PDLG LSWQ PLJCG ON OU ]QG
E DZUL
G[HTC [DN L[G G[YG OU OON OJ CO LSG LHFLZ ]QJQ JC ]C [HTLC [QHO L ][JC M[FD
PC RLD [HTLCG ][QHJD ZHOLJ RLC RGNO GH[E [HTLCO GQHFH@ RHC[G ]QJQ GI [HTLCD ]FQHUH
]DJS G][Y [QHO PHZQ GLG DH]NG RQ FJHLQG FHQLOG COHO MNOH >PLLQUW HC ]JC PUW G[E]S
GQHF RHSETD UUH P DZUL ]HOLGZ OON JC ]C [HTLC RCN RLC RHLN GHYQ PHZQD CO GH[U][YN
IO LL ]LDD
H
E VF ]HQDL
RHLN LN PHDLQ [KHW HSLC GH[U L[HTLC [C ONQ GSH JC ]C [HTLC [QHC L]LLG VTHS XH[L]
G[FG COHO CL GI [DTG LWOH@ PHDL ]ZLI ULZWGO OHNL HSLC PHDLO GDLT GHGQ OON M[FD CHG
MC PFHZG [DTGO OY RNH ]LSHOLLC ][Y RNH G][Y ][KHW G]LG CO HQOHUD GLG CO JC ]C PE
HI JC ]C ]H[U G[]HG CO PLSD HO L JC ]CN RGL[G GWHE PHDL ][WD HKUQ]S HOC CL
GCLQJ L[IU LDC LWU >OON PHDL RLSUO GH[U ]DJS GSLC [JC FYQ PDLL]GO G]ULSQ HI NCQ
C RQLLG GQO [ LHFJ UH XLDHY[W S[EG L[HUL >ID GCLD L[HTLC ]HNOGD P UUH@ HKFLH GYLOJH PHDL
GLOU GLLJD GLOU G]H[U ]HOEO [[YO JZ] CO G]JC OC GC RSD[ HS]F LOLQ LSG CSQ
G][Y ][KHW GH[U GI RLF MNO PUK R]LO L GLOU CDL GQDL [QCS LWO "[QHO FHQO] GQ
GC ]HJC [HTLCQ FQOS PHDLG RQ
HSLC GC ]HJC [HTLC DH]NG L[DFQ RLDGO R]LS HS]CQ PLTHQNG PLQUK GHYQD L LW OU VC
]HLJC L] ]HLG OU G[H] GFLWZG [ H [ Y O JZ] CO G]JC OC GCH [D[CH GD[HZ ]QJQ
OU VC GLLJD ON GLLJD [DUO GOUDO GLCHLSD G][DJ ]C ]JC ]HCH[ HOLWC HC HIO HI ]H[Y
GD[FC LN ]HL[U [CO FHELSD ][]HQ G]HJC GCG ]]LQ [JCO MNO PUKG HGI J G[E]SF DE
GLSD ]C OFE]H G]]LQ [JCO GOUDO CSL] G]HJC GO JHS
GC MNQ GOHFE GCSH GCSZ MO RLC PHDLG RQ [HKWO GH[UN GH[U ][Y RLF CHG HQYUD GIG RLSUN
MND ]DLLHJQ G][YH GI LCO PDLL]GO G[HTC CG] HI
GQNJ MQ LWU GC ]HJC [HTLC ][WD PHDLG RQ G[YG [HKW RLF DH]NG IQ[ LSLSU [Z H]HC OOED
HD]N [DN ]HJCG ]]LQ [JCO ][]HQ RN OUH HIO HI ]H[Y ]HLJCG HLGL CO LFN GC ]HJC [HTLCO PUKG FHTL@ JLJL L[JC
>H[ MHSLJG [WT L[JC [W HS[HWTH RDQ[G H[LWD U PLSHC[G
]HL[U [HTLCD ZTHUG G[WG KW RLSUQ HI G[F HZ]LSH FDOD PHDL RLF OU GH[U][Y H[F UHFQ ]YZ RLDGO L GID
G[WD [HWQO Z[ TJL]Q [FG MWGO HSLYQ ]HQHZQ [CDH@ GH G[IED FQO COC HSLC PHDL O RWHCD Z[ HGHFLQUGH
CSGO G[HTC HI LSWQ PHDLD [ZLUD MLL G[YG RLSU PLQNJ HFQO C[DTQ COC >FO CQHLD RLHYQD U G[FQ FQOSO COH
]FJHLQ G[FO LCQ ]LDO HN[YHG RN OUH PHDL OU [[YO H[FO [D]TQ EL ROGO PLSHC[D UUH ]DLHJQ G][YH HO
G[Y [L]GO
PSQCH@ JZ] CO [QCS RCN Z[H GOE] CO [QCS G[WD ]HL[U OND CZHF PHDL PHZQD GI C[Z H[FO VTHS IQ[ R]LO L FHU
IQ[O >CZHF GC ]HJCD DH]NG ]CI IQ[ PUK ML[Y MC IT RLHFZ U ]H]L[N LDLLJD RLWH] RLHFZ RLC HSFQO RCNQ
HLGL CO GI RWHCD PE HO GH[U CLG PEG HLJC ]C ]C JZHO PDLG PHDLD Z[ HGIH GH[UD RLJHZLO PLNLL PHZQD VC
GC ]HJCD RLJHZLO
P CHG GH[U ][Y PLFQO L ]HL[U ][WD [HQCGQ CYHL PHDLD GH[U ][Y RLF [DFG PYUQ
FHUH TH]H L[ L[DF ]HKWN JC ]C PHQ [HTC COLQQH PHDLQ [HKW RLF Z[ GI RLCH GH[U HQN [HTLC
PLSHQ L RNH PHDL ]HNOG LHOG IL[ R[Q LHFJD U GH[U ][Y O FJHLQ [HTLC RCN FJ]S COC PLSHC[
]CKJ RD[ZH ]HZOQ DHLJ RLSUOH CN L[LCQD U ]HL[UG RLSQ RLSUO HQYUO [HTLCN GH[U ][Y [HTLC
WZ FJH E[ EJ LHOG KD CNH PHDL OICG RDC VTHL ][HW U F[WS
RLSQ GH[U ][Y O FHJQ [HTLC RCN FJ]SH OLCHG [WO L RLLSQ SHU HSUQ G[GIC
]HL[U [CDN GI P OU SHU L
I
]UF VTHL
GOCG [WO M[KYS GH[UG ]QJQ G[HTLC COC CHG HQYUO [HTLC P GH[U ][Y RLC KHZSS PCH
GSLF RLSQ G[H] G][TC GHYQ PHZQD PE NC [TCGO GH[U HQN GSLC PHDL PHZQD COH OLCHG
CIO LL ]LD LWU SHU RLSUO QQ GH[UN
RSL[QCF CQUK LCQ ]QDLLQ GC ]HJC CSLQC GHG LNG HCO CG GLOU CSQJ[ D]NF CQUK
RLC [QHO RLSZ D GLHO] PHDL ]HYQ JLNHGO HNL[CG PLSH[JCGQ GQN GU] CO LJFH GU L]C
[HCO PDLG ]C ]LUS GQDLG PHDLG RLSZ ]HOJD Z[ COC CFL[E PHDLG GUQD ]QLLZ]Q GHYQG
COG GJFLL [HTLCG MND GQ GU] CO GJFL PHDLF GU C[QEG L[DF OU OHCO PHZQ L ]CI
"H]C GU] GQDLG FYLNH RLTWH] RLHFLZ RLC ]H]L[N LDLLJD
]HLEHTQ ]HLC[ HCLDGH RGQ ]JC OND PLSH[JCG HSF [DNH HI GGLQ] DLLO LFN ]HJSG L] UHDZO L
PL[DFG V[H] GIH RCNOH RCNO ]HSH
GLHO] COC GH[UG O ] H C L Y Q G PYUQ ]UDHS GSLC ]H]L[N LDLLJD RLHFLZ ]TLW] ]ULSQ C
OUHWD [HTLCG ]HOJO GSHHNG RLC MC@ RLHFLZG HTW]L [HTLCG UZWLL PCH [DFD [ H T L C G P D
D >[HTLC GUQ O P HI ]HLCD L RL[HTLC LSD PSLC PLKHD HC PLSKZD PE LN PFCG OU
RCN PLLZ [HTLCG HSLLG [HTLCG ] L L J F N Z[ CO HS]LLEHT LWO ]HJWO H[FE GU] CO GJHF GU
OON G[H] G[TC CO GU PHZQD [HQE [ ] G N COC H]HJFO G[H] G[L]G COC
]HOJH OON GH[U RCN RLCH [HTLCG ZOHTQ GLG PHDLF GU LFL OU GLJF RCN G]LG PC RDHQ GI LWO
LL ]LD GO DJH I CJ PL LZLWC FJL ZJYL [NI C OCHQ ]N[D UUH C DZUL ]HOGZ LWU TWH] GLG PHDLG RLSZ
JQZ QU CQ
ESHU ]HD KZS RNH [IQQ FO(G
v CGL CO ]HLC ]TLW] RCN LH GUG LSWQ HCOG GJFLL FYG LWO [QHO PHZQ L ILWO
LCFH OC[L OON ]OYGO TSHCD G]SLI LC ]C PN MN OU GQ] CJY EJ GQO ]JSQ [WTD POHCH CNZ DHK PHL
LN GSH RCN [QHO L [HQCG LWO MC ]O GJHFG GUD [QHJH OZH RLFG CHG G[LDUD G]CLD G]LG CO LWUC [IQQ FOHG
RLC OL COLQQH >GHYQG GQLLZ]S CO PHDLG HW]L CO PC@ H]QDLD PDLG RLSZ OJ [QHO HSJ[N OU COG [HTLCG ]LLJF JNQ
]H[IQQ RCN
PLLZQ [WC PHDL RLSZD PLFU ML[YS WUC [QHO ZW]TS GJYZ] MHSLJ ]JSQ U RLSZO PHDL ]HYQ ]HNLL RLSUD FHU
J[EG PDH GHYQG PLLZ CO [WC GCSZ LWUC GSHHND COO GLOU CD PC FFY CTLE MFLCO RNH PLFU COO VC PHDL ]HYQ
N ROGO CDHQD UUH GKYZ EJ LHOG KD UH GHYQG PLLZ CO GSZ CO ON TG OU PLHFJD CDHQ
KL ROGO CDHQD UU GH[U [HTLCO RLHFZ]LW]LC RLD [ZG RLSUDH
F VF
KWD PL[HCDH ]H[UG
FNH C]L[HCF G[H] G[QC RHO ]HD[ GI RLUN HSLYQ
FUO PLNHQT [QCS RLSQ G[H]G RQ PLNHQT
GNHTD RLHYQD U LSLTQ GQO GNOGQ COC OON DH]ND [HZQ PGO RLC PL[DFD HOLWCH PLDH]NDH PLCLDSD ]HC[ZQ LWON
CW ]HJSQDH EQ
J