]C PHQ [HTLC RLC HI GUF LWOH GY[L HILC PDLO [L]QH ZOHJ RHUQ LD[ JL CLUHC [ L[DFO
PDLL COH ]Q PGQ FJC PLJC LS HC@ ]Q FJC JCD RHEN ]JC GOLWSD COC HQOHUD GLG CO HLJC
ROGOFN HL[DF OU HDLGH JC FOHS NJCH >LSG
GSLCH [HQE RLSZ [QCQG RLC LSWQ ]QDL]Q COH ]YOHJ GLSG GQDLL COH [QCQ LSG GD GU
HI L[GH COHZO VCH C]L[HCFQ GSHZ [QCQ FHUH KN ROGO PL[QHC LCQ ]LDN COF@ QQ GH[U][Y
JL ROGO GYLOJ COO ]CYHLH GH[U][Y
ROGOFN HCO PC GZLI L PC PLQNJG ]ZHOJQO HSCD ]Q FU [QCQ LSG GD GU CO
HQOHUD GLG CO HLJC ]CO K[W POHUD ]JC GDLL PGO G]LG PLJC HDL LN D
PCG RQ HLJCO K[W PLSHC[ GI ]C GI [LO PLLHC[H ]JC GOJS PLZOHJ GOJSD PLFJHLQG HFJL
DZUL LSD [U PLSQ PLJC PLJC GH G[IED HFQO RNH >GS ROGOFNH G[HTLCD ]FQHU H]C L[GH@
[L]G CHG HFLJH OLCHG [QHC L]LLG HFJL Q PC PGLS HN[YHGH@ PCG RQ COH DCG RQ PLJC HLG
FDOD DCG RQ PLJC HOLWC GH G[IE OQZ PCH DCD PLFJHLQ PC COC [L]G CO PHDLD GH[U DH]NG
>HFJL [QCS MNO PG[DC LJC RD KHOD [HQCG HSJSC PLJC PLSC LNQ GH G[IE FQHO L]LLG PLJC Q PCH
JL IL PLWF
"HI GOCD HS]LEHTD ]H[CHDQ ]H]HZWS HOC "RLC PC GZLI L PC PLQNJG ]ZHOJQ O GSLSU GQ C HN
"HLSWO GOWS PDL][QH O G]DH[Z C8,
t LFL OU RLQDL ]HYQ OKDO PFCO []HQ PCG D
[HTCO CDKL[H FL[H]U RLSZ ]HLC FY GDHJ PDLO GQDLG ]ZLI PCG PLC[HQCH PLCS] HZOJS C
PLWTHS PLSLSUOH PDLG LFL OU GL[FS ][WG RLSUO HC H]C ]HDH[ZN PDLG OU GQDLG O GL]HDH[Z
HCO PC
HOLWCH GQC ]C [HTCO LFN GDHJ GZLI RLC [DHT GQCD []HQ G]Q PDL ][QH D[ [QC CSHG D[
GQCD [HTC GLLJD ODC GZLI RLC GYLOJO HC PHDLO LCFHD HO ]FUHLQ FDOD FJC PDL COC P RLC
]KLD@ GFHGL D[H RLQDL ]HYQ OKDQ L[GH H]QDLQ GZLIG ]C MND ULZWQ CYQS GSJZLL PC PHQ
G]LQ [JCO HOLWCH GZLI L [DHT GQCD [HTC G]Q PDL ][QH [QC >HD[ OCHQ
]UZHW GQDLG ]]LQ [JCO GZLI L PC HOLWC [QHO C[DT L LW OU VC CLEHTD [CHDQ C
CHG GZLI L PL[DHTG ]UFO COC RN PL[QHC RLC ]QCG LWO GL]HDH[ZD PDLG []HQH GZLIG
ODC GF TH] LWU G]LQ [JCO RLFG
H]QDL ]HDH[ZD []HQH GZLIG GUZW G]LQD ODC PLLJQ Z[ GZLI L CDHQ LQOH[LD POHCH
[DFG PUKD PL[WQ L CDKL[H CD[U HS]LEHTD GZQG ]UFD PL[WQ L RNH G]Q
UH GZLI T[KSHZ JQ [HC LWU U[WQO GUZWHG G]Q LSWQ G]LON]O GZLIG GCD CON
G[HC R[Z
GOWS G][YO G]]LQ [JCO XOJ PC PE GL]HDH[ZD [HTC G]Q PDL ][QH FFYO L D
LHFJD UUH FL WCZ [EG LHFJ LWU G]Q HIQ GZLIG ULZWGO GOLUHQ GYLOJG RLC GQU
EL KS[EG
HTZ
]HQDL ]NTQ PHNLTO ]HDH]H ]HOC
]HL[UO ]HLS D [HTC RN GZLIG PHQ ]HDH[Z [CH GQCD [HTC PN GC[S E
O[GQ
L [QHCG ]UFO PHDLO G]HJC HLSWO GOWSH RSD[F RLHFLZD GSKZO LHS GLG LQD GSLQ CZWS RNH
LFN GLCHS [HZUOH GOUDD RCQO G]HC PLFQOQ MNOG H]ZHZI ]HJC PHQ HLOU G[TCS GSKZG HI GZLI
OHUDLNH OLFE] FU RL]Q] GSCLQ CO PC RNOH GZLI RLC [DHT OCLOQE RD[ HOLCH G]HJC ]C PDLL
>RLQDL ]HYQ OHKLD PHQ HJ E[ RLCH@ GC ]HJC PHQ HIOG CY]H G[H]GQ GLHFLZ HOHJL IC
RLC LW OU VC OLFE] FU GSKZG OHUDO HO [HTC OCLOQE RD[O HOLWC TH]G H[LWO C
][]HQ GSKZG PL[QHC LH GOHFEG ]C ][KHW GSLC HI H]CLD RHLN [DFG [UHNQ GZLI
KZ L[LCQ L[U >GOHFEG HSLLG RL]Q] H@ HQU [HFO
[QHON GZLI RLC RCN H[QC GQH GZLI L OCLOQE RD[O KN ROGOF CLEHTG LWU PL[QHC L D
X[W HSD[H P[GQ TH] LWU GZLIG OKDL] OFE]N MN [JC GSCLL PC GZLID JN MN ON RLC
FFY RN
LH]D PE UH
LH OLCHG HL]J] GOFEH GSCLQ CO PC RCQO G]HC PLFQOQ >H]HQN GNOG@ CQZ CS]O E
OLCHG PL[QHC LH GYLOJD HLJC ]C ]CH KED GCLYHGO ML[YH H]ZHZI ]HJC LGL[G GZLI
KU ROGO PLSHC[DH RCN L[LCQD U PHON COD ]NOHGH GQDLG G[KWS PLFHQ ONG OUDH
KH[LWD PLCS]G ]HUF KZ ROGO UU
R]QG HO PL[QHC H[QC C[L]D RD GFHGL LD[ PHQ G]HJC ]C PLJCG RQ FJC FZ PDL ][QH RNH
]C THSNO T[CQO [HTC RNOH >PLJC LSD HOLWC@ GZLI L [DHT MQQ GZLIG UZWL]H PDLL MLJC FU
GNOG ZTW OCHQ [HQCN GZLI RLC LWO PLZOHJ PLQNJ POHCH H]ZHZI ]HJC CLG PHQ H]TH[C
GZLI L C[L]D RD GFHGL LD[N
ML[Y RLC RNO PFHZQ FLZ PC ODC PHDLO G]HJC GOWS [JCO [HTLCD FLZN [DHFQ C
PLSHC[ CQ ROGO JNHQFN OON RL]QGO
OHNL HD]N JS CJ GDH]DH HLHFJD CD[GH C[GH TH]G >[HTLCD@ GCSH GFLZ
PHQ CLO [HTC GQH@ L[QEO GZLIG GUZWH G[HQE H]C CLG LSWQ HOYC G[LCGO
>FD ]H[UG XDHZ RLQHDL ]HYQ OKDQH GZLIG ULZWQ NLU
LWU GUQ JCG GUL FU [L]GO RLCH RLHFLZN RLCHLS PL[DHTH PLZOHJ PLSHC[ GQNH
[LCQ ]LD [UH L[ RHOQ JLNHGO KF KLH]G D]N RNH RDQ[G FFY RNH LHQS L[LCQ CDKL[
GKSZ
[HTLCD G]LG H]CLD LSWQ GCLYHGO ML[Y PCG GCLDD GFLZN PLSHC[G HZOJS FHU
CQ CD[ LWU HCO PC EN TH] LWU PFHZQ GZLIG GUZWS CO L[G
LHFLZ P]UFO COC GZLI L PL[DHT PLQNJ PE RCN C[QEG GKZS LWN CO PL[DHT L D
PL[QHC GFH CQLOH GF TH]U H]TH[C ]C THSNO HO []HQ MNOH GZLIG ]C PLULZWQ ]HJCG
RGL]H[YH PLJC LSQ PHDLO HOWS ]HLJC L] RHEN ]HJCG HQN G[HTC H]ZHZI ]HJC ][Y E
IN PLSHC[D UH CE LQOH[L LWU PDLL]GO ]H[HTC ]H[YG VC RGQU
RHEN GZLID HQOHUD GLG CO HLJC ]C ][Y PDLO [HTLC L PCG CLEHTD ][CHDQG ]WTHS C]HZWS
PCG ]Q FU PDLO LSG ZLWTG COH LLO JC FOHSH PHDLO HLJC LSWO H]C GOWSH FJC ]Q
ODC@ LLOO PDL]GO G[HTCH GSHC[G O G]ZLI LFL OU GH[U][YN ]DJS LSG O H]C
PDL]GO GLSG GOHNL MNOG >FJC JCD HOLWC@ GZLI RLC [LCQ LD[ [DHT RNH HCO PC >]YOHJ
ITZ
]UF VTHL
UHKDH C[D CHG RNH L[LCQG D]N RNH ]QDLL]Q COH ]YOHJ CYHL GZLI L GNOGO C
HGQ] [DNH [QCQ GD GU KZS JLH PDQ[U ]QDLL]Q PGL[DFQ G[HCNO GC[S LH DLEUZ
[HCDH GZLI L ZTW GQ OU MQT H[LW O[GQH LDDH ]QDLL]Q [QCQ COD UQQ L[LCQGH QQG
C[QED GLEGO FFYH ]QDLL]Q [QCQ COD PDQ[G ]UFD D]N EO GZLI T[KSHZ JQ
][Y ]C ][THC ]HL[U HKQ ]JC ONO RLFG CHG COC HQOHUD GLG CO HLJC ]C CZHF HCO D
JCG ]QH ][JC GC HOH VTHS JC HO LH PHDLO HLSWO H]D GOWS RHEN [QCQ COD GZLID
L ]QDLL]Q COH ]YOHJ GLSG LSG
]HCDG ]HQDL L]N HOC L[G RLFG RQ GTHSNN GZLI RHUQ LD[F CDLOC CLUHC [ ]UFO E
KL TH] LWU GLSG [KWL] CO H[IE COC RGQ ]JCO PDLLO HC XHOJO OHNL FJC ]LDQ
CO XOJN Z[H FJC ]LDQ ]HQDL L]N G][Y G[KWS GSHC[G ]C PDLL PC PL[QHC LH
P CD[ LWU [KW
PLJC LSQ HOWS ]HQDL L] ODC GZLI L [QHCG ]UFO G[HTC GZLID GH[U ][Y CZHF F
FJC ]LD COC PDLLO [WC LC L[GH GZLID ]H[Y HUS PL[QHC RLCH RGL] ]C PDLLO OHNL
RHEN GH[U PHZQD COC GZLI PHQ H[IE CO ]JCO XHOJOH ]JC PDLLO OHNL RNH PLS COH
L[LCQH DO CDKL[ O RDQ[U RGL] ]C PDLLO OHNL ]HDH[Z RSLC ]HL[NS ODC H]ZHZI ]HDH[Z
DZUL [L CO
PDLD HOLWC GZLI RLC [DHT GLC HD PLC[HZ RLC GL[FS [WLQ GQDL RLC PDL ][QH [QC CDLZU LD[
L CDLZU LD[O HOLWC [WC H[W KN ROGO TH]G POHCH FQ ROGOH RCN FL[H]H >C[GQU@ RCN TH]H L[U FJC
PGL[DFQ GKS L[LCQGH GU PL[FSD LC D[H CD[ ]UFD FHUH CD[H RDQ[G NNH [JC PUKQ [WLQ HSLC NLWUCH GZLI
PLSO FJC PDL RLD ZOJQ UHGL LD[H PLZOHJ KN ROGO UHGL LD[H [IULOC LD[H KN PLSHC[D UUH
LS LSWOH L[QEO ]H[HKW FJC JC LSWO PHDLO ]HOWHSG ]HLJC RLSUO JN ROGO RHUQ LD[ ]UFD GC[S RNH GZLI RLSUO
FU PL[FSDH KN ROGO KH[LWD UU FL[H]D U ]HYOHJ PLJC
INHN ROGO ]HWTHS ]H]HZWS
OCHQN HKZS PLSH[JC PLC[HQC L[DFQ GC[S RN@ FJC PDLD HOLWCH GZLI L GNOGO C
CD[H LC D[ HKZS RNH JLZT EUZ C[EGD FL[ RSJHL LD[ ]UFD RQZO RN HKZS PEH C[
LFND ]UZHW GSLC GZLI G]LQ [JCO VCH >O ROGO RQJS D[N COFH RL]LS]Q P]T ]UFD
RLHFZ GZLI L LWUC C[QED [CHDQH OCHQ ]LDH GKSZ UGC L[LCQH C[ PDQ[ VL[
VTHL LZHQS GL]HDH[ZD PLWH]
GL]HDH[Z [HTCO GZLI RLF RCN PL[HDEG LKO CQ O JN IN HN PLSHC[ [CDH L[D [CHDQH
PGL[DFQ GC[S LH PNTHQ [DFN IKZ LDY PNJ ]HD KZS RNH CHG RSD[FQ >GLLJD HOLWC@
IN VFD ODC@ J OLUO L[LCQD UQQ RNH >J[NHQ HSLCH@ J[ PD ODC GF IN TH]U CHG C]L[HCFQF
LQOH[LG ]UFD GZLI T[KSHZ JQ [HC C[GQD PE UH >RSD[FQF [HWQD D]N
GZLI VCH@ H]ZHZI ]DH[Z PHQ GL]HDH[Z [L]GO RLC PDL ][QH G]HC GFQ]S PC PE
FY[ D[G ]H >G[H] ON PGL[DFO ZHILJ PLQNJ HU RSD[F
XHOJL FU ]WTHS GC CLO PDLO ][THC GQDLG ]ZLI GKSZ CQ[D CDHQ PLZTHW HD]N D
C[EGDU PLS L] JZHON GIL[G GZLI L PLKZHS HSCH OLCHGH PH[E HSD[F P[J PHQ
U P CQ[ GTSNO []HQ HLSWO GQDLG GOWS PFHZ HO ]NFHQ ][JCG G]LG PC POHCH
JNKSZ RJOG MH[U GQO O PL CY[ ]HDH]N LNF[Q ]HGEGD PUKG [DTGD
JTZ
]HQDL ]NTQ PHNLTO ]HDH]H ]HOC
QQ H]C OU COC GZHZI OU [QCS CO E[FJ [HTLC HKZSH GI RLF OU HZOJ LH
OON PH[E HSD[ PL[JG CO PHDL PHZQD PL[QHC LH DZUL [L IKZ LDY PNJ ]HD ]HNL[CD
FN ROGO CDHQDH LC UH EOZ GQH[]G [WT CO LNF[QDH FQ CDKL[U PLS L] HO ]HLGOQ
OHFE RGNO GSQOC RHEN PHDLO COH C]L[HCFQ GYLOJO ]OWHS GQDL PE PLSH[JC HD]N E
R[Z GQO O PL LWU GYLOJO HO GZHZI CLG WNU LN PDLG OU GL]HDH[Z ]C ][THC G]ZLI
FHUH CI JQ [HC LWU [DFD HZW]TS LH DGUZ [LCQ ]LD HN G[HC
U
ODC []HQ GZHZIG ]]LQ [JCO CZHF [HQCN H]ZHZI ]DH[Z ]C CLO [L]QG D[O HOLWC C[QED H[QC D
]HYQ OKDQ CHG G]HJC ]C HC GQC ]C CL MND L[G [HTC PHDLO ]FQHUH ]QLLZ CLG FHU ON
GYLOJH PHDL
PLCHS PGQ PLS PLJC GUD[C RHEN ZWTD HOLWC RLQDL ]HYQ OHKLDO [LCQ LD[ HJ RN OU []L
PLHJ ]JC PDLL PC LN PLYOHJ COC PLQDLQ PL[]HSG PLJCG RLC ]HLJCO PLCHSG H]QH ]HLJC L]
TH] ]LFL]U G]LQO PLHJ GDH[Q RQIO@ GLSO XHOJL HC PDLL PFHZ [JCG JCG ]HQL CQ
JCG PC PE PDLQ HSLCH XOHJ MNO RLQDL ]HYQ OKDL]H H]C]HJC PHQ GLSG CY] ICH > RDQ[UH
]HJC HQN G[H]GQ H]YHOJ ]HJC [THCG CDLZU LD[N COFH@ ][JCGQ GZLIG UZWL] CO ]HQL [JCG
GSHC[O XHOJO ONHL GLG RLFDH >FQ C[QE LWU TH] XOHJ HC PDLQ PC ZHOLJ RLC HL[DFOH H]C
PC POHCH@ [H L[ RLQDL ]HYQ OHKLD O J PLLZ ICH PFHZ PDLL CQ G[IE COC GLSO PDLOH
>RLQDL ]HYQ OKD]]H PLS H]HQL CQ PLHJ RLC HN ROGO CLEHTD UQQ []HL HC VTHS JC L
RLHFZD GSKZG H]QDL ]HJCO LHS GLG RHEN LCFHD HOLWC RLQDL ]HYQ OHKLDO HJ HSLC OCLOQE RD[
GQDLG O G]ZLI ULZWGO RN LFL OUH OLFE] FU RL]QGO HO []HQ RSD[F
[HTC GOLJ]NO ODC HO GCHS [DN LSWQ OCLOQE RD[ [L]Q GI RHEND CZHF TH]G HD]N C
COC GF KN ROGO TH]D PE UH CDKL[G KZS RNH GZLIG ULZWGOH H]ZHZI ]HJC ]C CLOH FZO
RLQDL ]HYQ CLFGO OKDO [L]QG CS] PH RLC
RLQDL ]HYQ OKDO []HQ OCLOQE RD[O PL[DHTH PLZOHJ L[LCQGH CD[GH N RDQ[GH
GCHS GSLC HOLWC
]UFOH HN RDQ[ LWU ZWTD []HQH LCFHD RLQDL ]HYQ OKDO [HTC [DHTG CS] HSLYQ COH
PHDL PHZQD GYLOJ ML[YS MN PHQ RLQDL ]HYQ OHKLDOH G]LQO HJO RLC JN RSJHL LD[
CD[DH U GSQ GSLC [QHON RCS LQ UFHL LSLC ]HLJC [QC MN PHQH RN [DHTG CS] RLC HL[DFOH
LSWQ PEH@ CQOUD CQ[ED RN GHU RSD[FQ COC HSLC RLQDL ]HYQ OHKLD [HTLC FFYO L D
OKDO [L]Q OCLOQE RD[ PUKG HGIH >G[H]G ]H[D PHDL ]HYQ OKDQ XOHJN POHUO
CQ PLHJ RCN HQN RSD[F [HTLCD G]LQO PLHJ RCNQ JLNHGO RLC GC[S QQH@ HN G[HC R[Z LWU
RLQDL ]HYQ OKDO H[TCN CHG FJC [HTLC ONG LN RSD[F [HTLC CHG RLQDL ]HYQ OKDQ CYQSH ]HQL
POHCH >RSD[FD G]LQ J PHQ [DF [HTCO HFLJ CO RN]L CQOUD NCQ ZWTO TSNLGO RN PE H[TC
G[H]GQ [HTC OL QQ OKDO ]YZ ZFZFO L RL]LS]Q GF KN RDQ[G RHOQ
KL JL PLWF
KTZ
"HQOHUD GLG CO HLJC ]C PHQ PDLLO [HTLC L PC PLQNJG HZOJS PLSWHC HOCD C IN
"GSLQ CZWS LCQOH GTHSNN GZLI PCG D
"LLOG JCG OYC GYLOJH PHDL RLSUO RSLF GQ PLJC LSQ HOWS ]HDH[Z HC ]HL[NS ]HQDL L] E