G[H]G HODZ GUD G]LC[D ]LUS OC[L ]FHDU G]LG HQNH GFHDU G]HCD TLSNGO
HDS CO FYLNH HSQQ HSZJ[ LN HSLS]S HSJSC Z[ L]LS CO G LSC [QHC GDZGH LSLT [GD
UHQQ ]HQHKC HSLSICH G]U RN ICN MO GLGL CO H LNSC PUH[ G OHZ L[GH
H]C[L GLG] [HDUDH [QCS HQN LSLT [GD PFQUD GS]Q OC[LO GS]LS GHD O GFQ G]HCH
PLSQIG ]HF[KDH PL]UG DH[D HI GFQ GQQU]S HOLWCH HCKJ] L]ODO GHDG HI PNLSW OU
PLOKHSH PL[IHJ RLC PLQG RQ ]S]LSG GS]Q ON OC[L ]HDOD GSHQKH GZHZJ GFQG G[CS
GSWQG PFCN PD[Z MH]Q G]HOEOH GOJ]DN GD ]HNIOH [HIJO PLYQC]Q OC[L LHFZH G]HC
PLNHI OC[L O P]HFZ CLG CLGH PGLOU GOWS ]OHWQ HLYWJ OC ULEQ FU [WU ]H[H[Y
RHC[G PFQUQO [HIJO
MJ COH [HC MOHLH
HL[DFQ ]YZQ L[GH DZUL ]LD [WTD DH]N
GHFZ RLSU PNLZOC G LSC HFZ LN HLG] PLFZ HEH OC[L LSD OC [DF [QCO GQ OC G [DFLH
MHJD GHU GI M]OHUW OND ]UF RH[]L MO GLGL ]QC M[FD M]OHUW ON CG] HSLLG
OWKH DEC M[FD HL]HOHUW ONH HLUQD JH[ ]JS HO RLC GI PGLUQ MJQD GLGH [QCS HQN
R]HC O PLLJO G LZDQ O PLLJ RLD ZHOLJ L PLSLDQ GIG POHUD HQNH ZQHUQ PSLCH
MN GLGL PC OFDG PH POLDD RLC MND GQ O [DF CHG POYC PSHFC LSWOQ PLZ[HU
ZTHU CHG LQO RL[SLFD GIG POHUD ZTHUGQ OFDGN OWKH DECH RKZ ONG LN MHWLGO HC
PLDJS CDG POHU ]HFZO GIG POHU ]HFZ RLD ZHOLJ RN PE CYQS G LZDQ OYCH RLT[JD
GU LLJO
HGILC FLZ ]D C[QED H[QC HQN ML]HOHUW OND RHY[H JH[ ]JS MO GLG] CLG GHFZ ODC
HO L HSLLG HNWHGO HZHOJ OU FLWZQG GI RLUG ]HULDKD GFLDCG HO RL[LIJQ PNJ FLQO]
PSLC PG ]H[]HQH PLOWK PSLCH PLJ[NHQ PG HLUQ ON COLQQH HL]HOHUW OND ]FJHLQ GSHHN
HNH HL]HOHUW OND RHDJ HO L COC OON LC[ZCD
FL GQQ []HL H]HFZ OU PL[QQ PLQG RQ GI "HFZ C[ZS HGILC D]N RGNG Y[GH
]LQSHG GCG G[QC GQD OIJ L[DFQH PLDH]NG RQ GLC[ CLDQH [HQO LFN ]UEQ PFC
FESN GIH M[FG RQ CDN HOLWC GCQHK LFLO CD CO POHUQ CHG HFZ LC ULOC OU
HLOU PL[QQ PLQG RQ COC UDKG
]HL[WG [WTQ RCN FU
CN VF
GYLOJG CLG GHYQ HCO PHDLL PHZQD GYLOJ CNG ODC GHYQ LQLLZQF CNLG CSC CSLQC LN
PHDL ]HYQ GOLDD OKD]] [JDHQG RQ GHYQ GSLC ]DJS GSLC PHDL PHZQDH CLG ][JC GHYQ
GT
Z CJ XD] L[LCQ LWU
]UF VTHL
GQHF G[H] G]LG GQO CD PFHZ [IUOC LD[ [QC COHU [QCH GD[G PLOQ RZ] [ZJH RICH
[DF ONO PUK R]HS GLG GQO H[LW PLSIC GO GUH GQO CD FU PLSIC GO RLC GWLWNO
G[H]G OONO PLSICG RHZ] HGIH GD IHJCO PLOHNL HLG FU G[H]O G S I C G H GSDG R]SH G[H]D
HL]HSZ]D GQOH PFCG OU OHU G[H]G MN GCHS OU FDN CQ CLG PLSIC GO RLC GWLWNG PNH
O[GQ ]HFEC LHFJ LWU G]CO PFCG OU OZLG
]HHYQG ONO GU RNH PFCG O H]EGO [DFG D[ZO OQG RLSU GQO [DLF F CPLNOQ OQ PLWOC ]O RLSU GIH
ZZF D[G PD ]HUHDO H[F [LCQG [HC [WTD CDHG RNH D G[W ][W HGLOFE [HC LWU PFCG ]TLW]O ]HS]LS HLGL
LSFC[G
C]LL[HCF CG VTHL D[O LLDC OC L][QQO ][QQ HU L][QQ ]C P][QH CNGQ
C]NQTC C[ZH RSD[FQ COC "RSD[ H[LW LQS G[H]G ON RSD[ H[LWH C]LL[HCF "CLG
G[F LOQOLC C]NQTC HGL[G ][QQ ]HUO GI C[ZQQ FHQLOG [ZLU PL[DHT L CQOUD
]UF ODC G KLDQO [WT ]L[Z ]QFZGD UH FY[ DL[G ]H LWU G[H]G RQ ROHN ]H[IEG HLG G]LG G[HQE
RQ GHYQ DF PL[DF G[H]G H[LWD RDQ[GH ]HDC L[DH GSQG H[LWO GQFZGD PDQ[G
[HTLCG OU GSHHNG CQOUD C]NQTC H[QC GQH ]HSZ]H ]H[IE LFL OU G[H]O ][QQ ]HUO G[H]G
CHG G[H]G RQ ]H[IE [HIEO LHHLYG PYU ODC PLQNJ HLOU H[IE LK[WG
]LLU [ZLU ODC C]L[HCFQ HSLC PGL]H[IED PLQNJG OHZD UHQO DHLJG C ]HHYQG [WTO HL]HEGD RDQ[G ]UFO VCH
OSN C]L[HCF GHYQ G[IEG
H]HQJ PC CLG HI H]C O GQC PCs MQYU OU GQ]H L[LCQG RHO HI HQC PC "]HLS PG GQ
"PL[WHT L[DFQ HQC PCH
s G[H]G RQ
PHZQ ONQ HQCH H[HTLCD GELOWG CHKJO LHYQ CHG GQH ]HL[D O R]UF VHTO G[H] GF[L COC
GDLLJ]S U] RDQ L[GH [D DH[LZD GQU ]HLGO H]HSKZD LHYQ CHG MH]Q GD [LQJGO G[H] GN[YHG
H]C[UGD CLG
RHEN [QC CWW D[ LC]LY [D LDF G]ON RHEN HSD ]ON PHQ COC H]D ]ON H[TC CO DU
HN[YHG OU COW]GO L ZTLC [D L[Q LDF G]ON RHEN [QC LC D[ CDC [D CWW D[ LDF G]ON
PLFNS DH[O LHYQ [DFG COGH L[U ]DG RQH RDG RQ ]HON GD L GJWQO ]HCQEHF O CLDGO
"PSZI LLJD PLCLS ]DG RQH RDG RQ
UHFL GLG ]H]OLCG L[DFQ GC[S MNH HSLSUH [HTLCG PUK OU FQOO HCD HOC ]HCQEHF LCFH GC[S
LC]LY [D ]HON RHEN GJWQG LDC P OU HC[ZS ]HSDG ]HONH PLSDG ]HON ]HJWQ R]HCD PGO
]ONO CH[ZO PL]UO PLOLE[ LSWQ PLSDG ]HON [HTLCO PUK ]SL]S HGIH CDC [D CWW D[ ]HON RNH
OLESU L[O TG LSHLOE LWU QQ HL]HON PU RWLOJGO HCHDLH HNH RDHC[ ]ON CDCG P OU PLSDG
ODHZQG EGHSN CO ]HSDG ]HJWQ PU PLSDG ]HJWQ FJL PL[F HLG HOC ]HJWQD [LW LQ LH
L[HEQ HC HL[HEQ PHZQO GOUD [JC ]NOHG G]LG GCG >OIJ L[DFD ]HQHZQ GQNQ JNHQN@ PGLQLD
PG PLSDG ]HON OU G]LG G[IEG [ZLU PEG ]HSDG ]HON OU PE H[IE HOC RHEN PL[ZQ PHQH HL[HG
[HQCN GJWQG LDC ]LDD PLLHYQG
PE GD L GJWQD COC ]DG ]ON OU H[IE CO JDH CDKL[ UH ICL[ PLZTHWG RLD ]HUF HSCYQH
HT
CN VF ]HQDL
MND ZOJO RLC PLZTHWG ONNDH[ ]UF MC HOCN ]HJWQ COC H[LNIG CO C[QED LSWQ RDG ]ON
HLG ]LDD Z[ GLG [HTLCG CDKL[G RHOQ GC[S@ NZ QU PSHODH OIJ L[DFD PLSHLU PGL]HSZ]D RSD[ EHOW COF
PLFOHSG RQ GF JU ROGO L[Q [LUGO LH > ]ON M[U MH[UD UH ]DG ]ONH RDG ]ON P
PUK ]SL]S HKZS TH]G GLS PHQ H]C OU H[IE [NID GH[U GDZSD ON CD[UQD L[QC
]HWOJ]Q GD[HZ G]HCD [NIG ]C ]C VC G]QJQ H[IE MNO GH[U CLG GDZSD LSWQ GI CHG
>HSD ]ON HKC OLUO HS PUKO ML[Y RLCH@ G[IE G]HC LSWQ H]D ]ON [HTCO L GI LWOH HID HI RG
][JHCQ HI G[IE TH]G HD]NH GHQN LGL[G H]D ]ON HSLLGF H]D RD ]C RN PCH GH[U H]D ]D L[G
GSQ CO PUKG PE HGIH GI PUK KZS CO H]D ]ON [HTCO [JC PUK R]S OLUOF C]LL[DF CS]H
RQ PCG LJC ]C COC >[HTCO C[QED HKW PEG@ PCG RQ PCG LJC ]C ]HLSG ]QL[D CS]G
CD[ G[IES CO RLLFU G[HTC H]C [NID GH[U GDZSD ON G[IEG LN PCG RQ DCG LJC HC DCG
CDKL[H
RHEN FJC PQ HI LSWQ HI COC H[TC CO ODC RQLT COC PUK ]SL]S RCN RLC D]N RDQ[G POHCH
[HIEO HZG HLQJ ]C RNH@ DCG RQ PHQ PCG RQ PCG LJC ]C H[TC RNH FNH HQC PHQ HQC PC
ML[YH@ HSD ]ON PHQ COC H]D ]D PHQ GLOU [HIEO MLL RLC H]D ]ON ODC >H]HQJ PHQ GLOU
>L[LCQD UQQ RNH [DFG HO [H[D GLG CO HQYU CS]G LN PCG RQ HQC LJC ]C C]LL[DG G]SQ CO MNO HL[DFO [QHO
HC DCG ]HJC RHLN DCG HC PCG LJC LSD COC C[QED [CHDQN PLSG OND OON GI RLC ]QCG LWOH
GDZSD ON H[QC GI OUH POHUO RN PE PGD PL[NIG ]HS OU H[IE FY OND POHUO G[H]G RQ ]H[HTC PCG
CDKL[ GH[U
GSHH C][F ELOW]LC CG CQOF HC HGQ DCG LDC ]HJCH DCG LDC LJC ]C HSLD[ HSFQOL
HQYU ]D[HZ PHQ H[TCS ]HL[UG ON LN C][F ELOW]LC PL[QHC RLCH PL[IHE HLDC LDC ]CQ
ODC FJC ]LDN GC[S ONG GKQOH GOUQO ]NOHG GD[HZG RHLN VTHS [HF RGD H[IE H]C ]D[HZ HC
LSWQ PGQ GOUQO HC PGQ GKQO PLQNJ H[IE CO HLJC ]CH H]C ]HJCH H]HJC RHEN GHJC L[HTLC ON
FL[G LWU RGD RGL]HSDH RGL]HQC ]WOJGO HJ COH CHG [JC ]LDN GHJCG
"][]HQ HC G[HTC HLQJ ]C
HEGS RNH F[WT LQNJ [CH VL[G HZTW RNH HLQJ ]C ]C CLO PFCO HO []HQ HS]LEHTD [HWQ
RLUG ]LC[Q LSWQ HLQJ ]C H[TC RCN PLSHC[D CDHG LQOH[LD MC VTHL LZHQSH CDKL[ F[WT OND
JC P CLEHTG LWU FFY EQ GKHTD C[H]D POHCH FHUH C[ ][ EGD PLSHC[G RQ GQN HZTW H]HQNH
GLG FJCD CLYSLDH[WD GUQH GUQOH GNOGO P] HSLD[ G[HG MNH LQOH[LGN COFH RLUG ]LC[Q PHQ
]C HGO L[ RL]UQF EUCH GL]FHUTO P] HSLD[ GLFTWCH HLQJ ]C CLO EHIQ HSLLH JHDK HJDK
ML[Y GFLZ [DN HOLWC CDKL[D [CHDQH TH]G RHO PH[TC MN [JC CQ HE[HJH HLQJ
GCLS [JCO HLQJ ]C CLYHGO ZTW E ]HFJ ]HDH]DH DWZ GDH]D IHC J[GQH GCLYHGO
HSQQ G[DU]SH
]KLO [ZLUG CLG RN P]TD G[L]QG GUFG ]HUFG L] FNHK UGC MH[U RJOHD HCDHG GNOGO
IT
]UF VTHL
[HTCO ISNC ON EGSQH [THC LQ L PD ][THCG GUFGH VTHL ]LDD D]N LWN [DJQG
PHZQD ODC [EO ML[Y O[GQ D]N FDULFDH DLQH OCHH GFHGLD UFHS GQO O PL CW OL[GQ
HGHCLDGH ZFY JQY ]DH]DH OON PHEQLE PGD PEQEO RLC VCH PGO [HTCO RLC PFZQH ICQ []GO EHGS
CY] CO HO H[L]G PLQT[HWQ GC[HG LOUD LW OU HLQJ ]C ]C CS [DN PC D]N PLZTHW [C
OU IUO J PHQ CY] CO HSQQ G[DU]S [DN PC RNH CLYHGO HGHTSZ CO EEHD CS PC RNH
PLSDG
[HTC HSL]HQHZQDH HSLSQID HO GO UGC GQ ]H[EC OYI RLKSLLW GQ [ RHCEG FLJ OHFE HFLJ
O GI [HTLC PLLZ RLC ]WTHS GCOH H]HQJO ]LSQI HD LHS CGL HLQJ CYQSD RLCH PLS D CLO
CLG ]LC[S IC Z[ GSKZ G]LG HLQJ ]D H]C FHUD HLQJO GCHS G]LG RWHCD COC HLQJ]C
GOFE [DN H]D [JCO GCS HLQJN RN RLC GQ RLUG ]LC[Q J GID LH G]OFE LWO GQCN
]H[DTDH ]HLC[D GID ML[CGH RLUG ]LC[Q GID MLL CO GCHS G]LG [DN [JCO RN ONH
]HD U
HLQJ ]C ]C CLO []HQ RNH []HQH RLUG ]LC[Q J RLC H]CQ PLSD GSKZ G]LG PC S DJ P[GQ ]H UUH
]HD U RSD[ EHOW COF PL[QHC LH KN DJ CSLS] DLQH OCH HNHK PLEHQOC LYU PE UH P]HC PL[LNQ RLC PHZQD
HCHDL HH[LW RCN [HQCG RLUG ]LC[Q J LN [HTC H]HQJ GSLC ONO [NLS LWUC E ]HFJ ]HDH]DH DWZ IHC J[
L[HTLC PL[DHTO P]HC PL[LNQ RLC PHZQ RLSUO JT CSLS] CZU[ ]HD UUH H]HQJ CLG H[DTL COH H]HQJ [L]GO
HS UGC [IS LSDC UUH [HTC GID PE PL[FJ L[FJD VC PL[HTC RLUG ]LC[Q
RN PL[DHT PSLC PLSH[JCG LOHFEQ GQN PEH PLZTHWG L[DFD [NIHG CO [DFD HFLJG ]QJQH
HC P OCHG D[G ]QNTGD COC HI GC[HG OU GUQO MHQTO WQ[EG GY[ CO [WHT P]JH GFHGLD
UGC T]J ]HDH HN UGC ZLDHS ICL[ LZTW U PL[DHTG L H]C ]]LQ [JCO RHEN [JC VLST VH[LYD
UFHS
HLQJ]C O [HTLC RLC CSHHE LCG LNDF [LQJG JT CSLS] GDH]D CZU[H [DFD ZW]TS JO CJ
HSO [H[D [DFD HSC PE RN PCH GUQO PE MHQTO L PYUDH GDH]G G]C MQGD P HSHO HIH
PLFLQO] PLFL]U PL[DF GD[G GD[GH PLSH[JC PLSHCE L[DF GILC PLQUWO UL[NGO VC GI OU MHQTS CO UHFQ
PLQG RQ HSO HJLSG PHZQH FJO PLZL]H
LOHC PEH GE[FQ PHO L]UEG CO LOHC PHQ GUQO LQYU OU MHQTO GYH[ LSLC L]D]N ]CI ON PU MC
PE MHQTO [WC L]C PLNT] PC MC PGD RLLUO PL[WT LO RLC PEH [GHUD GF[KG FYQ DHKD L]SLLU CO
GUQO
DZUL ]HUHL LWU
PL[L]Q LH EOLW G]LG GLC ]D GWY[Q JLNHGO CLDG OCS]S RD[Z U PL[THC L HLQJ EOLW@
> HK UGC
PSHONH PD]NN
GQO CD FU PLSIC GO RLC GWLWNO GQHF G[H] G]LG GQO CD PFHZ [ZJH RICH
PLSIC GO GUH
FLTJG RHCEG LZOCG CS]G HSLD[ O HFLQO] GGOI RQOI GHQ ZLFYG RHCEG L]UQ
GLC[ CLDQ GLG LW]TQF LOHO ]CI HFQO ]UD OSG HD[O [QC GGOYI CSOLHHQ HC[GHQ
HQN HSLLGH ]HHYQO PLSIC GUS HSC RLHHYQ HSLLGH HL]HYQO ]SICGH DL]NF G[H]F C[ZQ
FHCQO GTOLZ OSG RHCEGH G[H]O RIHC CHG ]HL[UO ]HLS
DLQH OCH OUD RHISKCS L[O OHC FL
JT
DN VF ]HQDL
L][QQO ][QQ HU
[TCS CO GU HSLD[ GQ LQLD ]HKW]Q ]H[QHJG [HFH [HF OND PLCH[ HSJSC GSG PYUD
PLCLDSG MN [JC RNH GC[ M[HY GILCO ]HSZ] HILC VLTHG PSQC LSLTD CLFGD ODZ GQ Z[
PL[FEO []HLD ML[Y JSG ]QGHI ]HKW]G L []HLD RLSUGH HL[HFH [HFH [HF ONH PLCS]GH
]HKW]GDH JSG ]QGHI " [[HUO GU]CO GT GHY GDZGH JS HSNL [FE X[HWH
G[H]D MN DH]N GLG G[H]G RQID RN GLG HOLCH PL[HTLC []HL ]HKW]GO ML[Y [HFG ]QGHI
L][QQO ][QQ HU ]LG GHLY RN OUH FJC RLSU ONG LN G[H] G[TC GQD GI OONS ODC
C]L[HCFQ CHG ONG IC ]H[QHJ VLTHGO HC[N [HFH [HF OND COLQQ RLSUG LWO ONG [QHON
RLOD] C[D U[G [YL C[D GSG OUHWG OC JNQ []HL CYHLH JSG ]QGHI KW]Q [JCQ LN
ZDF]S FL]UO FU OUHWG OC JNQ RL[HTLCG MLQGO RHLOU ]H[[HU]GO HSC PLNL[Y IC LN
GQNJ ]LD DU GN GO LWU RLDQOH OLNQO GID LFH RHLOUG [HZQD
[LISD RHENH ]HQHZQ GQND GQYUD G[H]G G]U RNH OI HSLQNJ ]H[LIEH ]HSZ] ON FHTL HGI
LSWD [DF ON OU DLLJO PLDSUH EIH PLSY[J OU PLFJHLQH PLZHOJ RLHCO GQND G[H] G[LQJG
HSLC [DFG FHTLH G[H] LWHE RG RG ELLTG L[FE MFQOO RLL ]LL]O ELLT [FED CHG HQYU
RHY[ CHG U[G RQ GZJ[GG PYU COC CKJ LFLO CHDL COH HQYU [HTLCD UEWL CO PHQ Z[
]LG
]HD[GO RLCH []HL KUHQD ZW]TGO L G[H]D VWH[ CHG [HFD LN DHJO OE[HQ GSGH
D[ H RLDH[U OI PSHONH VWH[ PHZQD []HL H[LQJG MWLGO HSLYQ OIJD MC PL[FEH PLELLTD
ELLT ]HUO RGLOU [LQJGH ]HHYQD RLOIOIQH HLG X[CG LQU L[DH [FE GD [FEH CYQ GUZD
ML[Y LHW[ []HL DYQG ONNF L[GH G[QHO GYH[W GUZD [FHEG PFCN G[LDUG RQ RZLJ[GO
HDYQ LWO CHG GQ LWO FJC ONO CHG PL[FE ]LLUD DHLJG [ZLUH PLELLTH PL[FE []HL
ON ]HUO RLFG RQ DLLHJQ GIO GFHDUO D[Z]GOH CKJG RQ ZJ[]GO CHG OONG MC LSJH[G
JL[ QU CJ R[GC LD[ ]SQ LWU ZHILJG [LDEGO LZFYK
]HOED OC[L RQID PLELLTG LHDL[ ]N[YG ]HFHC DNDL ]HQ GQNJ MQD UU
DN VF
DLN PLHFZ GQNJ MQDH HC ]HLC ]HNOG JQ [HC [WTD U ]HL[UO ]HLSG LSLSUD PLOONH ]HFHTL
GSLC [QHON PHDLO ZZHI H [IQQ LLH]CO PHDLO HLJC ]C ]C ZZHI PHZQ ONQ JC HO L LQ
CDKL[ X[W HSD[H P[GQ TH] LWU OLUO RS]FN [HTC LCFH PDLLO ODC GYLOJ COD ][KWS
G[H]D RLC [CD RN H[F CO F RLHFZ UHGL LSW [WTD D]N HLOU RLLU HO RLC RDH DU
LG [H]L ]C PE H[F PGD G[FO CDH []HLQ C[ZQG ]HQHZQD COC
HO RLLU ]ZZH [LWST HO RLC Q C[QEG ][F H[W HT RLOHJ R[H CD[ RLC GF KO IU TH] PLSHC[O HSLYQH
FHL COO RC DH]NO HO GLG GSHNS HI G[F COHOLC L[G HO RLLU H[FO PHZQ L PHZQD Z[ D]N L GOLEQ RDC L[HKDH
KT