C]L[HCF GH[U [HTLCD PFC ONLL CO G[H]O ELLT PLQNJ HU RSD[FQ ]HL[UO ]HLS [HTLC
PLDH]NG OU GI [HTLC PLQNJ HNLQTGH
]HL[UO ]HLSG RG HOCH ]HN[ L OONQ ]HZ OCG X[CG LSC HU OCG ]DUH]G ON ]C LN
CD[
GO RLC GWLWNO GQHF G[H] G]LG GQO CD FU GD[G PLOQ RZ] [ZJH RICH [QC GFHGL D[
]HL[UG RQ PLZJ[]Q ]HLS LFL OU MN OHWL] CO ][Q]Q CLG PLSIC GO GUH GQO CD PLSIC
L[
RLC D]N O[GQH TH]D [HWQ RNH ]HLS RZL] GQO GFHGL D[ L[DFO G[HCNO UQQ
][]HQ HILCH RSD[FQ G[HTC HILC [[DQ GLG COC RZL] CHG [QHO ML[Y
PL[WHT L[DFQ R[HTLCH GODZG LWQ ]H[HTC RG ]H[JC PLS LH HC ]HLC PDQ[G RHOH
GODZ RHO OU GQ] QTNDH ]HL[UO ]HLS RG LSWQ ]HLS ]HC[ZSG RGH
TF[W [QQ PFCO GQHF [DFG GQO [DUH HLOUQ GK HD [DU] OC HGU[W RCNQ [QC CLUHC LD[
D[ [QC RN [Q]Q HSLC HL[JCO [Q]Q HLSWO PLSWDQ H[QQ [Q]Q HOHN XHJDQ H[QQ
GQYU GH[UD UEHW GLG ]HLS COHO LN [Q]Q HSLC HLSWO HOLWC H[QCH HL[DF HJFH LC
]C ][QH GQOD [QCS RNH L][QQO ][QQ HU L][QQ ]C P][QH RCNQ [QC CSGN D[
]C [FHEG OHJN PLG ]W OU OHJN GQOO GQNJ WGU H[F RNH RZL] PLELLT HOC G ][QQ
LJLH VHT GQNJMQ LWU ]HL[UO ]HLS RHEN RZL] PLELLTG HOC GQOO G[FE GQNJ RN PLG
DN CN PLWF
"]HL[UO ]HLSG RG HOC C CO
]HL[UO ]HLS RG GQ
CQC RGL] ]HC[ZS LSWQ G[IEO G[IE H[IE PUKGH HQC PC PHQ HLDC PC HQCQ GZJ[G HQC PC
ONGH POHUO ]H[HTC RGQ GOUQO ]H[HFG RNH@ HLDC LDC ]C FHUH L[LCQ CLG ]JC G[IE RLUNH GD[
[LW CO D[ HOLCH ][]HQ L[LUI [QC HQC LDC LDC ]C ODC@ HQC LDC ]C >HLDC ]CH HQC PHQ
>HLDC LDC ]CD ]WOJ]Q HQC LDC ]C PHQ []LG GD
HQC LDC PCH HLDC LDC PC C[WZ [D [QC LQOH[LD C
ZTWG RGO L HQC LDC PCH HLDC LDC PC [HKGH ICL[H EQTH HC ]HLC PDQ[G ]UFO
E HK UHK UUH O[GQ F[WT LSHCE PD L[LCQ PLZOHJ LH >HLDC LDC ]CH HQC PCN CO@
GZT OCHQ ]LDH G
UHKD HKZS RNH ][]HQ HQC LDC LDC ]C L[LUIN HZTW ICL[GH C[G VL[G PDQ[G D
L[LUIN GNOG RLC D]N GLDC[N COFH O[GQH
ZTW PDQ[G ]UFO HOLWC [HTCO HK[ RFG ]QH[] LC[GQ D]N HLDC >LDC@ PC LDC ]CH
CQ[ O[GQ HQLNTG RNH PCG ]HDH[ZQ []HL POYC PLLHYQH DCG ]HDH[ZQ CLG LN L[LUIN
C[EGD PDQ[G ]UFO JD LWU PC FY D[U]S RHLN PL[L]Q LH IKH IHK
DH]N HSLFLD ]HCYQSG ]HOHFE ]HNOGDH FHUH FLD DHTLC PDQ[ ][]HQ HLDC ]C PC E
]L]LQC GT[LEG PC UFHL LQH MN OU MHQTO RLC O[GQ D]NH [HTCO
HKWH DCG RQ PCG LJC ]C G[H]GQ G[HTC DCG RQ DCG LJC ]C HKC PCG RQ DCG LJC ]C
FUZ
]HQDL ]NTQ PHNLTO ]HDH]H ]HOC
RHEN []HQ RGQ GOUQO GOG HOCD@ PCG RQ PCG LJC ]CO RLFG CHG >C[WT D[ ][DTN CO@
>PCG RQ HLDC LDC LJC ]C
GYZ] CJ IHCD CDHG ]HUHYZQG [WT LWU ][]HQ DCG LJC ]C PC
D[N COF LC D[ [DT UQQ RNH [LNG [QLQC DCG LDC ]HJC RNH DCG RQ DCG LDC LJC ]C
TH]G NHQN Q ROGO CLEHTD HKZS RNH [HTCO GY[ OOG
HZTW ICL[GH CDKL[GH CD[H RDQ[ NN VL[GH ]H]OCG OUD LCJC D[H OCSSJ HSD[ C
LNF[QGH C[GH PLC[L [WTD QC[G HZTW RNH [QLQCN GNOG RLC GC[S L[O ODC [L]GO
>FL[ [HTCO HZW]TS CO LCFH RGL]HQCH RGL]HSDD POHCH@ [LQJGO LD CDHQ
GH[U GD RLC LN DCG FYQ COC H[IE COH ][]HQ PCG PC LJC ]C HC PCG LDC LJC ]C D
]C L[G GY MLOC P[GQ GQO O PL C[G ]H HQC LDC LJC ]CD Q ROGO LWU GKQO
JQ ]HFJG CZU[ ]H LWU ][]HQ DCG PC LJC ]C RNH C]L[HCFQ G[HTC GSLC PCG LJC
]HLS HOC L[G >O[GQ FL[ DCG PC ]HJCH@ PCG LDC ]HJC HC PCG PC ]HJC POHCH
[H RDQ[ LWU DCG LDC ]HJC HQN
OLCHG ][]HQ H]D ]D ]ON ODC@ H]D ]ON >H]ON HKC G[IE POHUO FU HNH HSD RD ]ON RNH@ HSD ]ON
>C]L[HCFQ G[HTCG GON ]DG FYD RLC L[G HSD ]ON PHQ COC G[HTC GSLC GQYU H]D ]ONH
GQO O PL H]D ]D ]ON RLFN ][]HQ HSD ]D ]ON C
FLD DHTLC PDQ[ ]H[]HQ GQC HC H]ON ]D D
RNH G]D RD ]DH H]C O GSD RD ]D H]D RD ]D HSD RD ]D CLLJ LD[ GS ]HWTHS ]HLS RG HOCH
D[ OCH H]HQJ PC PC HLQJ PC PC O[GQ L[LCQ HNH H]D ]D ]DH HSD ]D ]D ]HSDD HOC OND
HJFH [L]GO KHWO HY[H HCO PC VTHS [HF RGD [HTCO RLCH ZTWG L ]HLS R]HCO PC LC
CDKL[UH HC ]HLC PDQ[ J[ LWU RSD[F ZWT PHQ COHZO PLZTHW PLSHC[G RQ L
LQ LN COC RSD[F ZWTD COHZO PLNOHG RLC@ GQO O PL C[ PLC[L LWU PL[LQJQ LH L[LCQH
PC[ ]UWH] UH L[LCQH PLC[L LWU PGL]HLC[ HJFSH OZGO PL[HDT HLG L[G CO RCN ODC H[LWD OZLQ
HCDHGH >[HTCO GKHS P]UF UQQ []GO ]HLC[G ]C GDLLG LSD HJF MNQ I LH C[UH PLC[LG OU
H]C ]DH H]C RDD LLOD COC C[QED OON HZW]TS CO PL[QHC LH UHD ]HUFG L]
CD[G KZS RNH RDQ[ LWU [HTC LCFH HU[ID ODC HLQJH H]HQJD LULD[D HC
GUQO P] HSD[ G[HG RNH LQOH[LG LWU PL[THC LH C[QED [CHDQ RN ][]HQ HLQJ ]C
H]C RD HE[HJ ]C RNH ][]HQ HLQJ HC H]HQJ RD ]C F[WT LQNJ ]UF RN RLCH FHUH C[ TH]
][]HQ H]C LJC ]C H]DDH H]CD []HQ HE[HJ RNH
]DH H]HJC RD ]CH HLJC RD ]C RNH ][]HQ LQOH[LD H[QC PCG LJC ]DH DCG LJC ]D C
L[LCQD CDHQ HLJC RD
RDQ[ HOLCH ]HLS PHQ [HTCO HD]N PLC[L [WT OUDH EGD HQC ]HJC PCH HLDC ]HJC PC D
RLCHLSD COC R[TCO RLC MNOG O[GQH ICL[ NNH PLQNJ H[QC GQ OU VLTHGO RLC D]N
LNG HCOD ODC HQC LDC ]C CLG HQC ]HJC PCH HLDC LDC ]C CLG HLDC ]HJC PC
]H[]HQ
CLO HOLWCH ]H[]HQ [CHDQ QQDH FLE GCLD L[HTLC PDQ[D GLJC ]D HC H]C ]HJC ]D E
OOND PL[QHC LH RCN FL[G LZTWD PE UH CL ]HC FL ]H]L[N ZQKD NNH ]JCN RGL] ]C
LWU
GUZ
]UF VTHL
L[O TF[WG [WT LWU
G[H]GQ GH[U CLG H]C ]HJCD UEWL CO LFN ]H[HTCH RG ]HLS
RLC CS [DN PC ODC G]CO CO ]H[HGO L GOLJ]NO D]N HN UGC DJ PLOUW D[ ]HDH CN VF
GIG THJLLG [JC PL[G[GQ RLCH G]HC PLCLYHQ
>GYZ] IHC U H]HJC OUD ]CH@ HQC OUD ]C H]HQJ OUD ]C HS]J ]C ]DH HS]J ]D F
CW OL[GQ ]H LWU ]H[]HQ G]HJCH G]D RNH
]UFO VC@ PL[L]Q LH JN ZT HK UGC C[EGDUH C[D CDHQH [HTCO D]N EGD HS]J ]C
GUQO GNOG OS RNH @ G GQO O PL L[LCQH CD[ C GD[ X[C M[F ]NTQ U >HLQJ ]C PL[THCG
GFHGLD UFHS JO [WHT P]J ]H > GSOKDC LOLJ [LL LCH [L]CH LFLO CDL L]Q LSC DC]H GOLJ]NO HOLWC
HN
OU H[IEH RN]L [L]GO [HWQ HSO FHQO]D VCH HE[HJ ]C >LQOH[LG LWU@ PL[THC L G
JCN PLC[S LSWQ FJC ]LDD HOFE PLE[HJ LS PL[THC L RNH [H C[U RNQ [JCO MN
LD HLJC ]CN ]LC[S LN H[DJ ]CD [HTC FJCG RNH GYZ] CJ IHC LQOH[LG LWU EGDH J[ ]HJCH
P C[QEG LWU EQ GKHTDH RCN PLSHC[ [CH RDQ[D U PL[L]QH PLZOHJ LH [HKG LWU O[GQH
]E[HJD COH HE[HJ ]C COC H[TC CO PL[JHCQ ]H[HFD VC D]N PH CW OL[GQ ]H CLHK UGC
[LQJQG COC PLE[HJD OZGO HEGS PHL OND PLUQ PLSH[JC HD]NH PLJCG RLD GOLFEG
KN FLTJG L[ ]CHHY UH JD LWU GN[D HLOU CHD]
LH HK UGC JD DWZ IHC J[GQ LWU LQOH[LGO VC PL[]HQ FJC ]LDD HOFE CO PCH
GFHEC LWU LODDGO VC PGD PLHJ POYC PSLC ]E[HJG HC E[HJG RLC [CN MWGO PL[QHC
FHK GQ LN[F UH DL[H LDL[ PD GYZ] CJ IHC EQ GKHT
HOLWC GI RWHCDH P]HC PL[LNQ RLC PHZQD CSLGO PL[]HQ PLE[HJG LQOH[LD H[QCH
GFUG RD[Z LWU []GD GCS RHLN CLYHGO ML[Y RLC P]HC PL[LNQ PHZQO MN [JC HCD
PHZQO CHDO ]UF OU [JC PHZQD CLO [HTCO L GOLJ]NO ODC DHK UGC [HK ]HGEG LHFJ
DJ CSLS] DLQH OCH ]HD U PNTHQ [DFG RLCH HS LTHT UGC [IS LSDC LWU P]HC PL[LNQ
KN
L]N ]HC[S LSWQ FJC PFCO CSLGO ]H[HTC ]HE[HJ L] RN HQN PLE[HJ PL[THCG ]UFO
H]C ]DN ]LC[S LSWQ HLOU G[HTC H]C O ]E[HJ RNH JO UGC T]J ]H LWU ]HLJC
KNZ P HSD ]DN ]LC[S HE[HJ O ]E[HJG RNH JNZ DJ P
GO R]SH [JC CD PLZTHWD CDHG LQOH[L [N FOHGH KED CLYHL ]HLSG ]C CSH [DU H
RLSUOH CZT HK OCHQ ]LD U RSD[FQ LSGQ KE GNL[Y PL[DHT L HL]J] GFHUD RLHFLZ
ROGOFN ]HUFG HZOJS RGNG GOUD ]HCQKLGH GOUDO G]H[L
FJLD PLOFEG PLE[HJH HLQJ ]C RHEN@ RLUG ]LC[Q PHQ HLOU G[HTCG GCG ]C CSH [DU
CY] CO PL[QHC LH KNZ DJ [WHT P]J ]H LWU CY] HI PE PL[QHC L >LQOH[LGN
PL[HQE RLHFLZ GLHFLZ PHZQ ONQH ILHS [IS LSDC LWU >GOLJ]NO []HQ PHDL PHZQDH@
]HSHIQH GDH]N GO LH JT CSLS] CZU[ ]H LWU KE HSQLG GNL[Y GSLC GFLZH [JC CD PCH
DWZ IHC J[GN COF HS ISDCH [WHT P]J LWU HNH
DN VF
"PL[ED ]HLS H[IE PCG C DOHUZ
"GIO GI PLFLUQ PL[E PLJC PCG D
]HQDL ]NTQ PHNLTO ]HDH]H ]HOC
GQYU GH[U L[G PL[ED ]HLS H[IE CO CD[UQQ PLFLQO]G FJC CLDG ZWT ]HFHC RQJS D[ [QC C
G[HQJ GHFZQ PLCD H[QCL CO G[IE PHQ CO PC GD[HZ HO RLCH FOHS RKZN CHG [ED ][]HQ G]LG
H]H[LED []HQ LCFH H]HLED HD MLL GLG CO ]HLS [HTLC MNOG GOZ GHFZO
][HLE PFC CHS MNOG HSLOU PGD H[IE CO RN ON PQYU PL[EG OU ]HLS H[IE CO RHLN
CDKL[ OI PDQ[G D]N HQNH FNH G]D ]D HC GQC PCH
JS RL[FGST U [ED ]HL[UG LSLF
HFLUG PCH OC[LD [E HWLOJL CO RSD[FQ HFLUL CO PL[E PG PCG RQ PLJC [QC RQJS D[ D
]D[HZ PGO RLC UHFL OC[L HKC [HIEO PHZQ RLC LN GOLJ]NO PLFLUQ DCG RQ PLJC ]HFU P]HFU
[E [HIEO PHZQ RLC RLF ]LDO G[HTQ ]HFUG RHLN PCG RQ PLJCD HOLWC GOLJ]NO [L]Q [QLQCH DC
OC[L HKC
>[QLQCO GFHGH [IJ S[ LDUH@ LKT[ FHL UHK DEL ]HFU PDQ[ [L]GO [QLQCN HKZS PLZTHWG
UYH GOLJ]NO HFLUL CO PCG RQ PLJC RQJS D[N KZS GQO O PL [WTD PLSLF LZTWDH CLEO QHJH
"[KHW HSLC HGILCH PHDLG RQ [KHW RD GILC "ZZHI HSLC JC GILCH PHDLO ZZHI JC GILC EO
XHJ >HO CQKLOH H[HLO [DF ONO CHG HLJCH@ PHDLO ZZHI [IQQ ]HD[O PHZQ ONQ JC HO L LQ
GLG] GLFOLH GCG HQC [JC TJLL]Q CHG LSWQ PLDNHN]FDHUG RQH GJWG RQ JC HO L LQQ
HLJC LH[Z HSLCH GLSFCO
GUD [QHQ GLG PC PHDLO ZZHI HSLC IUO [QHQG PDL PLSHCE RHJS D[H LCFHGL D[ ]UFO
HL]J] GDLH PLDNHN ]FHDUO [QHQ GOUD GLG PC RNH GYLOJ GNL[Y GSLC GOUD GCS
MN OU GZG CD[GH HLJC HSLC PHDLO GZHZI GSLC PLSD COD H]H[QHQD ]QH TSHCD
]QH[] UUH ]L[NSH GJWQ CDG FDOQ HLJC LH[Z POHUO UQQ L[G [HKWO LHC[ RLC
]ZLI GZO]TS CO RLCHLSG [JCO OUDG FQ]SN RN ONH IKZ IHC J[GQ ]H EN[ RFG
HI GUFO HJOH [LQJGO LHC[ D]N CDKL[GH RHLU ML[Y D PLLTH [NG JCG
PUK GD R]S P PLCHOQ LSDCDH PL[KHWG ]KL OU FCQ GQ] QH GF ISZ VTHL ]LDD
DN FW L UUH RHELU PHZQD HI GKL OU MHQTO PLZTHWG H[HGH
]F [LQQG ]HUFG LWO VC PHDLO ZZHI G EJ P[GQ ]HD D]N ]D OHOLJO [QHQDH
CL PEH CHG RSD[FQ [QHQN HGL[G CLTG[WD ]D OOJQG GI PL[QHC L LN ZZHI HSLC
PL[QHC LH G[I GFHDUO [QHQN HSLF G[H]G ONO [QHQG ODC UZ[Z ]FHDUD COC HSLC
GZH ][JC ]F HLOU ODLZN CZHF HGI GFLZ CO RN ]UF OU P[GQ D]N PUKG LWO
P]J LWU ][JC ]F ODLZ CO [WHND HC GIG RQID CO ODC ]HNOQG ]QLC PUKQ [HIJO HO
[HTLC O C]L[HCF RHFLSD HNZ DJ [HL L[QC ]HD [DFD [LQJG RNH D L ][H] UH EU DJ UGC [WHT
GQ FQ EJ C LFL[ ]HD ]HNL[CD UUH ZHO GQDL
G[H]D ]HNOG [C RLSUO RNH HLOU RLLU HO RLC RDH [IQQ HOLWC PHDLGQ [KHW RD ON RDD RNH
]HYQ DCG HD PLLZQH QE CHG MQU GUQ GHU OONDH GDH] GU DCG PC H]OOZH H]CNG OU DLLJ
PLDNHN ]FDHUQH GJWG RQ CDG CO ODC LQOH[L LWU GLD[H GL[W
IUZ
]UF VTHL
DLLJ [IQQ HSD ]C HC [IQQ HSD ]D RHEN [IQQD VC PLDLLJ ]HL[U L[HTLC RLSUO PE C
CDHQ LQOH[L ]HL[UO ]HLS L[HTLC HD LH P MHSLJ ]JSQH C[ EYZ MHSLJG [WT LWU GLOU
PLSHC[D
PLOHTW PLSQQ RLC GQH HLDCQ GNHOQG ]C [HL [IQQ RD D]N DIY] MHSLJ]JSQG D
LQF [LW GH[LD ODC GOLJ]NO HGI
PHQ G[H]GQ HFLUGO [NH [DF PHO HLDCO DH[Z HSLC ]L[NSG RQH GJWG RQ FOHSG E
CQ[ U HU[I DJL FOHG RSD[FQ H[IE [QHO HZW]TS LH GCYZ] MHSLJ ]JSQ GD[HZ
P DH LHK UGC
"HO GOHTWG H]CO CQKLQ OUD PCG C FO
"DLLJ CHG GQN HLDC ]C ]D CLGH H]HJC OU CDG D
HOJGO HLQUD OUD CQKL CO HO GOHTWG H]CO CQKLQ PFC RLC C
HCON HCSQ CO PDQ[G HOLCH FHUH KS[ HCO EGD LWU RLHCOG RLSQD GI [HTLC HSQ L C
LN GHYQ ]QN CLG LSWQ GO CQKLQ RSD[FQ >C]WTH]D ]JC GT[LE LWU@ [QHO HY[ HLG
]LDG ZFDD EU FHL LDUH HI GUF HJF RCN PLSHC[G POHCH GO PLZZIS PL[JCG GLDH[Z RLC
QU GKHWN C]WTH] UUH UYD PLLTH GOHTWG H]CO RGNG CQKLQ JC PD
CQKS PC >ED C]WTH]D GT[LE LLHSL LWU@ PLSHC[G HZOJS RSD[FQ HO GOHTWG H]C D
ZL]UGH@ Z ]HDH]N CDKL[ P LHQSU HCO PC GW CDKL[H FW ROGO CD[H RCN L[LCQH CD[U
]UF LWO VC IFT[ MHSLJ]JSQG D]NH@ IKZ UGC C[EGD >RCN HL[DFN CO C]WTH]G L[DF
HFLQUG PLQNJ GC[S H]CO CQKLO RGNG OU G[H]G RQ PDQ[GN COF PLSHC[G DH[
>GO CQKLO HG[HTCH GU] OCH DD G[H]G RQ [DF H[ZUH PGL[DF
CQKLQ HSLC MNOG H]CLDD ]OOJ]QH GH[EN GSLF L[G RSD[FQ G[HTC LWUC RGNO GYHOJH
GYHOJ RD CJ ]HQH[] GSQ UH EEZ GOC ZQUG GC GOH]D G[US MOQO GSQ C]WTH]G LWU GO
QQ OOJN HGHCU L[G QHJH R[Z POQ EEHD GQH[] ONC
[C NCQ GO CQKLQ HSLC PN HO GOHTWG H]C OU ODC]Q OUDG RLC PLSHC[ HD]N E
LDUH FFU FHL C[H RDQ[ LWU PGLOU ODC]QH PGO CQKLQ PLOHTWG PLDH[ZG
]C ]D ]H[U MQC ]D HC MLDC ]D M]HJC ]H[U PL] DLLJ HLDC ]C ]D CLGH H]HJC OU CDG D
HSLC [QHC GFHGL LD[D LTHL LD[ PL] DLLJO HSFQO DH]NG [H]LQ CHG M]HJC MLDC ]FOHQ MLDC
CHG M]HJC FDOD H]HJC PHQ COC DLLJ
]JSQ PL] GZHO HD H[]G PC FED GCLD L[HTLC PDQ[ PL] DLLJO CQZ CS]N GNOG
L[LCQ ]HCKJ L] CLDQ EE PCH HYZ MHSLJ
EN DN PLWF
PLDNHN ]FDHUQH GJWGQ ]H]L[N LDLLJQH RLHCO LDLLJQ RLTHSLCGQH RLCHLSGQ HQCQ HC HLDCQ H]HJC GO
"GCLD [HTLC RLSUO GSLF GQ
JUZ