OHZ OUDG RQ GCYHG LDEO HQN PGLS ]C ML[Y UQQ TJSLW ]H]OCG L[DFQ HOLCH
O[GQ ZTW RNH CDKL[G FL[G H[LW RNH RDQ[ LWU [UHNQG [DF ]HFUH ZTHW HSLC
CDKL[ [DHFQ PLSD GO RLCDH
CDKL[ RUKSG OU G[TCO RLC GOLJ]NO HOLWC [WC [UHNQ [DF P RLCH ZTHWG OHZD D
L[LCQD UQQ RNH
GCQHK LFU RLC ON LSG RQ CY] CO TH]H L[ RHC[G RQ PLSD GO L PC C]LL[DD [CHDQ
PG PL[IQQ [QHO HLSD OU HILUOL CO
H]UFO CQ HC [UHNQG [DFD CY] CO PLSD GO L PC MNO GFHQ LD[ PE FFY CD[G C
C[H P[GQ LWU O[GQ KZS RNH@ PLSD GO L HOLWC CY]H GCQHK LFUN [UHNQ [DF LFU
LFU CODH >PLSD GO L HOLWC CY]H GCQHK LFUN [HULN LFU HD [IJ [JCO ][ ]UFD
OHZDH [HULN LFU COD ODC CY] PLSD GO RLC PCH ZTHW HSLC OHZD HOLWC CY] CO [HULN
PLSD RLC HOLWC CY] CO ZTHWG
GQYU C]LL[DD RN PLT[HE LH RUKSG RQ PLSD GO L PL[WQ GLDC[H PDQ[GH VL[G D
NJCH LCFH HQU G]SLI HOLWC OHTW HSLC FOHG LWUC VL[G PUK RDQ[G [LWH CD[U
PLOOJ PLSDG RGNO ]CLS PCH GQHEW ]DG GS JO FW L UH@ PGHIQ FOHG QQ GFOLH HO GCLS
HFLQ PLCLYHQ RLC CQGHI IUO HLOU CLYHGO CO LFNH >KQ ROGO UU RSD[FQ
HOLWC UQQH CLYHL CO FHJG GI TSN NJC PC HSQQ G[E]SH [JCO GCLS PC PLSD GO RLCN VCH
[HULN LFUDH ZLTW COF COZD HOLWC RLFG RN CDKL[G D]NH LD[N HOOG ]H]LL[DG HFLQUG L[G LD[O
TSHCD HSLYQ [DFD L GHYQ VCH GTSNO []HQ PL[QHC L ]LOC[L GLHSW OU RUKSG C
OHZD ODC LCFHD COC G[H] G[QC CO PL[QHC LH GCO HO G]JZO GHHYQ G]WQH
]HUFG L] HCDHGH HL]HWTH]DH HLZTWD C[G LWU PGLS ]C PHEWOH OHZG ZLIJGO RLC CQOUD
RLC [LW O[GQH PL]W ]HIO PHQ [DFD L [HTLC HI GKLO PL[QHC L UHD
PHQ [DFD L LCFH O[GQ D]N ]HFLS ]SHUO GULEG PCH QQ [HTLC CO PE ODC GHYQ
LCFHD GLOU CD PC PL[QHC LH GTSNO [HTC MNOG ][N [HTLC O PL]W ]HIO [HTLC
FHUH CNZ CZU[ ]H LWU GFS [HTLC OU H[DU LWUC GSCLL
[]HQ GU[ ]HD[]O CY] J L PC ][THCG GUFO HOLWC PLSH[JC HD]NH
GIUZ CQ[ KOZ ZL[GQ LWU GSCLO
HWHT GSCL CO F[WT LSHCE HD]N GOUDQ GC FL[WGO DDLTH P[E HC OF]G LQ D
CO TSN PCH FQJ] CO OU [DU PHZQ ONQ GLOU RUKS CO HOLWCH RLHN]S MN PO JLNHG
ROGO L[LCQD CDHQ [NS CKHJ CGL CO LFN CLYHL IC RLHN]S MNO [[D]S PC COC CLYHL
HN GN PLWF
"FDULFDH GOLJ]NO RLCHLS []G RLSUO ROGOF PLSGH PLSCG O PSLF GQ Q
"G[LIJGO HO []HQ PCG [FS PHQ HC U[ P PHQ H]C ]C CLYHQG C
"G]CO HO []HQ PCG GCO KE CLDQG JLO D
"G]CO HO []HQ PCG GOUD ]Q GCO FLUQG FU E
FWZ
]HQDL ]NTQ PHNLTO ]HDH]H ]HOC
HLE[HG PU GLG HC GOUD ]C HQYUD CHG E[G FLUG F
"GSCLO HO []HQ PCG G[FS [FS OOED GOUD OU GCG ]C [TC PNJG G
HLSWD GCG GYOJ HC GSCLQ PNJG H
>"JZHOG FLQ H]JZO PGQ JZQ GF OU PLQH]JG PLFU RNH@ GC KE OU PLQH]JG PLFU I
[]HL MN [JC CQ PLQNJ HJ [LIJL CO G[FS [FS PHQ HC U[ P PHQ H]C ]C CLYHQG C
D[ [D GD[ [DT TSN PL[IQQ LSG RQ GLSDH ]HUKD [LE RUKLH L[Z GLG IUOG [[DHL HC [FSG
HL[DF HJFH CLYHGO ML[Y JLNHGO RQJS
CZHFH CLYHQ HSLC >RLKED VL[G OU H]EGD FDC[G ]UFN CO@ GNOGO PLZTHWG HKZS RNH
PC Z[ LQOH[LD UQQ G[LEH [IJH [LIJG PCH FDOD FZN CO ODC QQ TSNN
RDQ[G ZTW RNH [LIJL CO PLSD RLC ODC IUO J PHQ [LIJGO LC[ PLSD HO L
RCN CD[D U LQOH[LG ]HCT[LED [DFG LHO]H TSN COH FLZ HOLWC PL[L]Q LH CDKL[
WH DQ[ DL[G NNH
GUD RLKED FHU [CD]L
OU PLNQHT HSCH OLCHG GCG ]C CL CO P]JS LSWDH D]NS LSWD [QCH PLG ]SLFQQ KE CLDQG ED
SWD ][LQC COD OC[L X[CQ KE CLDQG ODC FJOH IUOO PHZQ L CLO HO [L]S PCH H[HDLF
JLNHQ D]NG L[GH HLOU PLNQHT RLC CL L[LCQ [QC HOLWC PL[QHC LH CDKL[ SWDH
GSCL CO GOUD ]Q GCG OU FLUQG RNH
PHQ [HTCG LN LWW D[ LDF LKHI D[ GS RNH CLYHQ HSLC [QC LC D[H CLYHQ [QC CSGN D[ TSN
CLYHL CO FDULFD GSS[
CLDQD C]WTH]G RHOQ UHQO HFFY PLSHC[ GQNH FHUH PDQ[ L[W LWU [CHDQ RN C
CLDG RNH LH]H C[H] LWU [ZQ CQ G[H] [HTLC J L LSWQ CLYHL G]LQ ]HFUDH KE
CNZ ZT IL UGC C[EGDH CD[H RDQ[UH TH]G PD CDKL[G
O[GQH CLYHL GDH]D C[G D]N TSZH PGL[DF OU [DUH THSNL CO H[HG RLF ]LD PC D
GUGH PHZQG LWO M[HYG ]UD Z[ RN [LQJGO KZS
H]HFU MQT OU OON CS] CO [QHC GFHGL LD[ GSCL CO HI O GOUD L]E[G FLUQG F
RHEND RQCS HSLC G[H]D ]HLHFU [C OND VTHL D[ L[DFO PLCS]G ]ZHOJQ [HCDD PLC[HQC HZOJSH
GC ]HFUD PLQNJ PL[DHT RCNH FU U[ ]] OC ]HFUO [N HSLCH CHG U[ HL[DFO L[G GI
]HFUD HOZG CO [DHT GFHGL LD[H C]L[HCF ROIEH U[ HOLWC H[LNGH CDTSQH CZLLF GC HOZG
RQCS G[H]D ]HLHFU OND PL[DHT PLQNJ CD[ [DHT RNH GSQ D[ L[DFO PGL[DFF ROIED COC GC
HQYUO TJLD HL[DF ]C PLODZQ RLC LWUC ]Q GOUD [QHO GYJQO H]HFU ]C PLODZQ LN GI RHEND
>GC ]HFUO OHTW C]L[HCF ROIE OHTW E[G CHG HSUFL HOLC ODC@ U[ HQYU PLQ PFC RLC
OHTWH CHG U[ HL[DFO LN H]HFU ODZO [WC LC [DHT GFHGL LD[H
ROIE GSQ D[N GNOGH C[HDLF RSLEOWH U[ HQYU PLQ PFC RLC CD[NH PLQNJN GNOG
HQH] LWO JLTQ D ODC >FL[H] C]L[HCF U[ ONO RLFG CHGH@ GC ]HFUO OHTW C]L[HCF
WH VL[ LWU RQCS [L]GO HC FLUGO RLHN]S CO
GWZ
]UF VTHL
GCLGO RQCS GFHGL LD[O HOLWC HLE[HG PU L]LLG LSC [QHON HGHSE[G [QC
PLOTHW RLCH RN HL[DF PL[WQ HSC HGHSE[G Z[ [QC COC H[LWD RN [QC CO LWUC
[H TH] H]HC
FJG LSWQ GSCL CO GI L[G J]W GO CYQ CO G[FS [FS OOED GOUD OU GCG ]C [TC PNJG G
HOLC GJQHQ FLJLD [DHFQ C[QED [CHDQH HO CSLO ][]HQ G[E HC GOUD ]Q NJCH [L]G PCH
FJ P RLC [L]G COH G[FS [L]GO DL GO O RLF ]LD
VL[ GNOG RNH CLYHL CO LKHI D[H LC D[ L[DFOH CLYHL CSGN D[ L[DFO TSN FLJL PNJ
[QHCG ]UFN CO [DFO GO ML[Y@ RLF ]LD PGH OLCHG HLSWD GYOJ HC GCG GSCLQ PNJG H
FJ RLC GOD GSCL >FZ ROGO LFLJLD GYLOJ
MNOG ROGOFNH PLSD FJ RLCH FDC[GH EQTG PDQ[G ]UF RNH PLSD RHCLQ ZTW VL[G
G]CO PL[]HQ
>GF JZQ [KD RNH@ GSCLO PL[]HQH [DFO PLQNJ HJ CO GC KE OU PLQH]JG PLFU I
HO GQHFG RQH [HULNG RQ ZJ[]GO HO L WS OUD NLWUC FQ RLOHJ LWU TH]G HD]N
LQOH[LG PUK LWO D]N C[EGH >CDKL[ ]HFLTJ ]FLQH CLG GDHK GYUH@ MNQ USQLGOH
[HULNG RQ ZJ[G PHQ RCN RLCH []HQ GOLJ]NO VC
RHOQ ZFZFO L RNH GIQ ZLJ[L WS OUD D]N CDL CQ[G GOUD ]Q PLFLUQG PLSH
LSWQ OON J RLC GID PL[DHTH PLZOHJ LH O[GQ ]UF ]LC[S RNH LSG OND C[H]G
LDHS LWU [JCG FUG LWU G[L]GO LF WNU COG GCS GI ]HFU PL[LTQ HSLLG PC PE
FU LWU G[L]GO CC DHH ]ZLLFQ GSLC [DN VTHS FU LN OL MC U P ]WD CDHQ O CQZ UGC
RHEN GF] OU DN ]HDH]N CZU[ LHFJ U FJC
HDOG PD GZT DL GDH] LJ]W U WS OUDO VC [HULN J RLC PL[QHC L GODH
FDD VC HJO KZS GC[S GQO O PLDH
HN VF
GCG GCLSN RLFG GQH RQIG H]HCD PLS PGO HLGN RLFG GQ FJG LSWQ CLO PL[HTCG HOC ON C CQ
"PGO CSLGO G[HTLCD RLLFU ]FQHU CLG PCG GSQOC]S HC G[E]SH PL[JCO
HC HOC O PGLDH[ZO CSLO ][]HQ GC G]HC PCGH GL]HDH[Z ]C CLO PL[]HQ PLSC P]HC PCG D
"GID VC FJO HJO L CQ
][]HQ H]QH PLS PGO GLG PC G]CO PLQNJ PH[TC GCLGO GCD FLUQGH KE CLDQGH PNJG C
HJO L PGL]HS H[E PCH >LQOH[LG PD PL[WQ PLHJ FLUGN ]LSOHJ G]LG PC FDOQ@ PGO
H]DLT RLSUD C[ZLUQ GKKZ PGLSLD G]LG PC POHCH RGL]HS ]C H[LEH HID PGLSLU HS]S FJO
ODH GKKZD GOLJ]GH P]OLE[G GCG PC RNH FJ RLC PGLSWO GI GUQ CD PFHZ L[LCQ GUHFL
L[LCQ RLLFG ]HC[ LWO ONGH FJ RLC G[E]S MN
HWZ
]HQDL ]NTQ PHNLTO ]HDH]H ]HOC
PGO CSLO ]H[]HQ HSQOC]S HC H[E]SH PL[JCO HCLS HOOG PLS
[GG RQ C[ LWU ]L[NSGH GJWG OU RUKS RLFD PE HOOG PLSWHCD G]CO [L]Q LQ L
FL[ [THC LQ LH
RN ONH PGLJCO HC PGLSDO CSLGO ]H[]HQ FJG LSWQ PLSC P]HCO CSLGO PH[TC HOOG PLSG D
RUKSG MWLGO ODC GOYC OLE[ CGLH HDH[ZO ]CLS CLG MND GQLI ]YU PHQ HJ COH PGLDCO
IY ROGO GLLJD G]HJCDH G]DDH GQCD [HTC GCG RQ
RSLC PHQ HC PLSCG RQ []HL HI PU HI ]HLGO ]HOLE[ ]HDH[ZG PLSG PHQ PC ZHOLJG PUKH
HJ G]DH[Z ]C CHS FHJGN MNO GSIL PC RGLOU [TCS HSLC L[G RGLOUD OU MN ON ]HFLWZQ
HLDH[ZO ]CLS GCGN NCQ H]FHJ OYC OLE[ CGL CQ
G]D ]D RNH GQC PCH GQC [QHON OOND RGL]HFOH]H RG COC CZHF HCO G]HJCH G]D GQC C
[ZDO ]HOLE[ RSLC ]HDH[Z [C LSWQ RLFG FYQ PL[L]Q LH FHUH CLD DHTLC PDQ[ FNH
PJH[L HSD[ PD P MOQO GSQ UH IY LHQSH CDKL[U G]DH GQC HQN
GLOU CD LCFH HOLWCH PLSHC[D ]CDHQ C]WTH] CLYHL CO G]HJCH G]D HC GQC ]C TSN
PQ GL[WGO CCH H]C ]C [ZDO GOLE[ CLGH GCG OU FJSG D DHTLC PDQ[ LWU
]FJSG H]HQJD Z[ PL[QHC LH IKH INHK CQ[U H]C ]C CLYHGO PLWHN PL[QHC L
HL LQOH[LG LWU P QOQ U RN H[QC
GSIQG LCG O HLJCO HC HSDO CSLGO GSIQG GCO RLC O[GQ [LQJG ]LCFH ]HSID D
LLO Z[W
"GO HC PLJC LS FJC JC LSWO HOWSN RSLF GQ H]Q RGLOUDQ PHDLO HOWS ]HLJC L] DQ
IWZ
PC JLIL OLUO K[HWQN [DFG PUKD ]HUFG HZOJSH ]HQDL]Q COH ]HYOHJ PHDLO HOWS ]HLJC L]
PLJC GQND VCH@ H]ZHZI]HJC PHQ G]OLWS ]UD PDLG OU G[HTC RGQ ]JC ON L[GH GZLI L PHQ
]HYQ OHKLD PHQ [HTC GZHZIG O GL]HDH[Z [HTCO GDHJ GZLI RLC PC VC HC >GZLI L [WC
HSLSWO PLJC LS LN PEH H]C]HJC PHQ GYLOJH PHDL COO G]HJC CY] ]JC PDLL PC RLQDL
GYLOJH PHDL COO GCYHL GLSG ]CYQSH LSG JCG ]HQL RGQ ]JC FJCG PDLL [JCO CQ PLHJ
PLS ]]LQO PDLLO [HTLC RLC RH[JCG PUKG LWO []HL HC PLJC GO PLQLLZ PC C[QED UQQH
PLHJ RLC
XHOJO ML[Y PLJCGQ FJC ON RQZOFN RLJCG ON OU [HIJO GNL[Y GOHTW GYLOJH GZLI L [QCF RCQO
]HLJCGQ ]JC ONO
GJFH RHC[G G[]LGO G[IJ LN PHDLO ][]HQ GSHC[G RSJHL LD[ L[DFO GLS GOWS HIO GOLJ] XOJ@
C[QE LWU PHDLD GLSG G[]HG GSHC[O XOJ HOLWC D[ L[DFOH RN UQQD RLC HS]SQ ]C RSJHL LD[
> P TH]U ]HYOHJ RGL] POHUO D[O PL[QHC LH L[WH IN ROGO
ML[Y PLJCG RQ FJC ON LW OU VCH RSJHL LD[ L[DFN PLKZHS OLLHE[HDQ PG[DC LD[ L[DFO
]HJC PHQ [HTLC RLCH G]HJCO HYOJ [JCO PDL]GO GSHC[G GQDLG G[]HG XHOJO
FDOD PLJCG ON OU [HILJ PHQ GN[YS GYLOJGN H]YHOJ
]UF VTHL
PLJCGQ FJC ON PHQ PC@ PDLLO CO RWHC OND H[IE PL[DHTH PLZOHJ PLZTHW [CH L[H
]]LQO PLHJ RLQDL ]HYQ OHKLD J PHQ PC H]YHOJ]HJC PHQ ]H[HTC L[GH XOHJ
PFZ PC POHCH >GLSO XOJO GSHC[O XOJ RLD HSLJDL CO PLSC PHQ PC LSG JCG
L RSJHL LD[ L[DFN GSHC[G G[]HG GLSO XOJH FJCG
IN HN PLWF
"PLCDG PL[ZQD RLFG GQ EQ
FJLD HC HI [JC HID PLJC LS LSWO PHDLO HOWS ]HLJC O C
RGL]H[YH RG PHDLO HOWS ]HLJC L] D
R]SH ]JCD [QCQ GU HC KE GO R]S HC RGQ ]JCD [QCQ GUH FJC JCQ PHDLO HOWS PLS L] E
GLSO KE
RGQ ]JC G]QH PHDLO HOWS ]HLJC L] F
PHDLLO PLJC LS LSWO HOWS ]HLJC O C
GNL[Y ]LLOGH ]JCO XOHJ GIH ]JCO XOHJ GI GZLI L [QHCG L[DFO D[ [QC CSHG D[ [D GD[
GYLOJ G]YLOJ L[G H]ZHZI]HJC PHQ PDLG OU G[HTC ]JC ONH GZLI L RHLN PGLSQ GYLOJ
RWHCD HI [JC HID HOWSN [DHFQH PLJCG ON OU [HIJO GNL[Y GUH[E GOHTW GYLOJ D[ [DHTH GUH[E
PE ][JCG GOWS FU ]JCO XHOJO ZLWTG CO PC ODC GLSG HLSWO GOWS PFHZ GSHC[O XOJ
GYLOJH GZHZI]HJC PHQ ]H[HTC RGL]H GZLI L RHLN JCH JC ONQ GYLOJ ]HNL[Y GLSGH GSHC[G
GYLOJ ]JC ONO LF HQYU D[ [DHT RNH GZLI RLC [QHCG ]UFOH PLJCG ON OU [HIJO GNL[YH CLG GUH[E
]JC
GNL[Y ]LLOGH ]JCO XOHJ GIH ]JCO XOHJ GI GZLI RLC [QHCG ]UFO UQQ L[WO
GUFO R]OO XHOJL FJC [WC GZLI RLC FQO TH]D L[ ]UFOH PGQ FJCQ GYLOJ
GSQLG ]JDHQG ]C ][KHW GUH[E GYLOJ HI
FJCQ GYLOJD ]LLOO LF MNOG PLJCG ON OU [HIJO ML[Y RLC GOHTW GYLOJD [DHTH ZOHJ OCHQ
PHQ ][JCD [HTC ]JCO XOJ GI LSWQ FJC JC RGO XHOJL CO ]HSHC[G PL]GH@ PGQ
>[]HL ]JDHQ H]YLOJ LSG XHOJL MNOG XOJ CO HLJC ]YLOJQ GUH[E GD H]YLOJH H]YHOJ]HJC
]UFO OFDG RLC@ ROHNO XHOJO OHNL FJC RKHWN OCHQ L[DF PL[W]Q C[QED ][JC ]H[WC LWOH
>ROGOFN ]H[YG RLSUO COC []HL ]JDHQ GYLOJO GUH[E GYLOJ RLD OCHQ
P]T RN [LW P L[Q QNH S ROGOH RCN CD[GH FDC[G GNOGG ZTWD PLSHC[G HZOJS
HKZS RNH PGLSQ GYLOJ GNL[Y ]LUYQCG RLCH OCHQN GNOG VL[G LWU HKZS LS]Q
C]HHD[ HGON PD QZ GDH]D GHCOJ P[GQ D]N RNH ROGO RSJHL LD[ [DHT UQQ RN LN C[GH TH]G
FDC[G D]NH ROHNO XHOJO OHNL FJC C[QED CQLC ]LUDC G ]C VL[G ZL]UGH
GU GQ ROHNO FJC XOJ FDULFD ODC ]JCO XHOJL GIH ]JCO XHOJL GI GOLJ]NO
LC D[F CDLOC CHG C[QED RHC[G XH[L]N [ZLUO TW] RLFG RQ RN KZS C[GH GU
]YOHJ ]LLOGH CZHFD ]JCO XOHJ GIH ]JCO XOHJ GI ]HSHC[G PL] MNOG ROGOF
XHOJO FJC OHNL ]JC ]DD PL]G HOWS [CN C[D JDG ]GEG LWO@ PGQ FJCQ
C[GQG POHCH FINZ CHIJG KZS RNH ]HUH[E RGL]HYLOJ RWHC OND LN RGL]O
JWZ