JO IO PLWF
"ROGOF ]HZWTD GH[LG ]S]LS LQO FT
]QG LTNSD ZHOJO HCD PDLH RHC[O GUD RD HC RHC[O GU] RD ZWT C
]QG LTNSD ZHOJO HCD PDL LSDH ZWT D
PDL LTNSD ZHOJO HCD PDL LSDH ZWT E
CDT LTNSD ZHOJO HCD PDLH ZWT F
CDT LTNSD ZHOJO HCD PDL LSDH ZWT G
PDL LTNSD ZWTH CDT HC ZWT LTNSD PDLH CDT H
PLTNSD ZIJHQ PGQ FJC RLC LN PLZOHJH ZWTD OKHQG RHQQ GI L[G ]QG LTNSD ZHOJO HCD PDLH ZWT C
H[DJQ []HL
PHQ@ LCFH PDLG DJS PLLZ HSLCN ODC PLLZ CDTGN COC PLZOHJ RLC D]N C[G C
]QL]TQ QN PLZOHJ PLZTHW GD[GH LCFH LFLQ CLYHQ ZWT RLCH ZWTG ]QHUO >JC ]H[L
ZHOLJ RLC PLZTHWG DH[ ]UF GC[S EETZ UHG RHOQ PE L[LCQGH CDKL[G L[DFQ GC[S RNH PDQ[G
GKLZ CHIJH P OCHQ ]LD UUH [ZLUO IKG KZS RNH O[GQ ZTW RNH HCO PC PLLZ CDTG PC
HLOU H[DJQ CLYHQG PL[QHC RLCH HZHOJL D PSLF PLTNSD OUHWD ZIJHQ PDLG LW OU VC D
[CHDQ RN RHQQ ZWT [CD HZHOJL [QC THNQHT OU PLZOHJG PLQNJO VCH GLC[G
PLSHC[D
LW OU VC >HLSWO HSF RSD[ ][DTN CO@ CL[Q D[ [QC ]QG LTNSD ZHOJO HCD PDL LSDH ZWT D
PU [HLH PDLG RD CHG HC ONG [HLH ]QG RD CHG HC L[G LCFH RWHCD PLTNSD ZOJ HO L ZWTG
P]HQN ZWTD HGL[G [LO CD CHG LQ JNQ UFHL HSLC LCFH ]SUK H]SUK RLCH OLCHG MC HLSD [C
L[ H]HQOD OKHS CHG H]HC PLJCG RQ FJCN HO L HZOJ FDOQ PLZWHTQ HLOU ZOJD HZHOJLH
HZHOJL P]T FG ]HOJS PDQ[GH FHUH QQ CDKL[ CD[ C[
CDC LD[ C VLUT OSN ]QG LTNSD ZWTG PU PDLG ZOJ [JCO PDL LTNSD ZHOJO PLCDG PDL LSDH ZWT E
GQ MNOG CSLF PZ DH HLOU [U[UO RLCH FQHU HSLUD RHC[G RLFG D[ [QC C]LO PLSHC[D D[ [QC
GHD DH ZHOJSH GOLJ]D L]OKS ]LYJQG [LIJCH LSC HSD [QHO PDLG LTNSD HZOJ GYH[ ZWTG GI
[IHJ CSLF [FG [QC GLQ[L LD[ ]WTHS GSUK HO RLCH OHKH GLC[ CDG HO PL[QHC PDLG LTNS ]C
ZOJ LO HS] HC RHC[G ]QG LTNS ON ]C LO HS] HC MWSGQ ]SUKD CHDO ZWTG OHNLH RHC[G RLFG
PDLG LTNSD PN]HQN GH
TH] MWS GQ RHUKO OHNL CDC LD[ GFHQ HZOJ CO ODC ]QG LTNSD HZOJ [JCO CZHF C
OCHQ ]LDH O[ L[ L[DFQ GC[S RN D]NH CD[G ]SZTQ RNH CDKL[
CSLF PZ CDC LD[N HKZS CDKL[GH R[G RDQ[G FDC[G G ]HOJS PDQ[G VL[G J[G D
J[H VL[U RHQFC OU PLZOHJG PLQNJ ]KLD CHG MOHG G[HQ PL[DFG KW PHQ PC@
H]HQN GNOG MNOG RLFG ZQHUO ]JHSG CHG RLLF CDC LD[ LSWQ HC LCQZQ FJ TH]H
PLZIJHQG PDLG LSDQ CLYHGO RLC [DFG OHZ PC VCH FDC[ GLQ[L LD[ PU H]ZHOJQD
O[GQH NHSDH GETZ UGC UH PE UH > RDQ[U
FL[
]HQDL ]NTQ PHNLTO ]HDH]H ]HOC
LSWQ HC FL[ [D]TQ HQUK@ GLQ[L LD[N HKZS ICL[GH FL[G PL[WC HSD[ GI[G HOLCH
CLG PLZTHWG ]ZHOJQ RHLN C[G D]NH >FHUH GI[ U HL[DFN ]H[HQG ]H[JC ]HLEHT
HSQQ PLCLYHQ RLC LSG TW] PC O[GQ D]N HI C[DT LWOH@ PDLG LSDQ CLYHGO RLC
>CSLFF CZWTD GTLW] GOLUHQ
COC HSLC ZWTG GIH HSD CHG LSWQ LCFH [HL CHG PDLG L[G CDT LTNSD ZHOJO HCD PDLH ZWT F
LFLQ CLYHQ ZWT RLC MNOG CDTG LTNSQ PHON OKHS HSLCH PDLG O HSD CHG [WC LN [HLZWT
ONG OKHS PDLGH LCFH
PL[QHC PGH PLTNSG OONQ LYJD L]LNIH LSC RHC[G RD RUHK CHG@ CDT LTNSD ZHOJO HCD PDL LSDH ZWT G
PLFHQ PG P]HQN GH ZOJ PG PLOKHS PGO GFHQ CHG LYJ >GHD GH HS]HQN OHKH G]C HSLJC
GHD PLZOHJ [CGH CHG OKHS HO
HC >H[HL LSCH GLG LSD [QHC PDLGH H[HL LSCH GI GLG RHC[G RD [QHC RZIG@ ZWT LTNSD PDLH CDT H
>LSC PDLG RD [QHC ZWTGH G]C RHC[G RD G]C COH H[HL LSC [QHC CDT@ PDL LTNSD ZWTH CDT
PLZOHJH ZWTD OKHQG RHQQ LHG
C VLUT OSN ]QG LTNSD ZWTGH PDLG PFHZQ HZOJ [DN PC ZWT LTNSD PLZOHJG PDLH CDT
L RHLN RHUKOH RHC[G RLFG [LIJGO CO ODC ZWTG O LYJG OU COC RHUKO CDT OHNL RLC
RHIJ GL[FG LWU ]QG LTNS ON ]C FJQ ZHOJS RLFN CO ]OKS G]CH LO GOHN ZWT
MWSGQ ]SUK RLCN CSLF [FG PL[QHC RLC ONG L[DFO CKLZ LC
ZWTG PL[QHC L ]QG LTNS ]C ZWTGH PDLG HZOJ [DNH PDL LTNSD PLZOHJG ZWTH CDT
]QG RD LSC PC RLD LN ]QGQ PDLG JZO PLTNSD ZOJ MO RLC MWS GQ CDTO [QHO OHNL
P]HC OU ]LCFH GSUKD CD RHLN CSLF [FGF PLFHQ ONG GIDH PG LO PDLG RD PC RLD
OCHQ ]LDDH OCS]S RD[Z LWU CSLF PZ PL[QHC GID VC CLH GQO O PL ICL[ LWU PLTNS
OHNLH PLZIJHQ PSLC PLFFYG LS RCN L[G ZWTG FYQ Z[ PC ZWTD HC LCFHD CSLF PZ PLKZHS PC ]CI GO]
MWS GQ RHUKO ZWTG
LTNSD OHKLO PLCD PDLGH CDTG G]UH ZWTG ]Q FU HLJC LTNSD PDLG ZLIJG CO RLLFU PC
JC LH PLLZ HSLC CDTG PCH FHUH C[ LWU ]QG LTNSD PDLH ZWT RLFN HZHOJL ]QG
GQO O PL HZHOJL LSG LYJDH ]QG HLJC LTNSQ LYJ OKHS PDLG ]QO
JO VF
"G]HQDH GLLJD ROGOF GLTNS RLF GQ PDL ][QH GT
PDL ][QH CLGN GO HOWS PLTNS C
G]DH]N D
GQU PLCYHLH PLTSNSG PLTNS E
HK[
]UF VTHL
GI RLFD PLC[HQC HZOJSH PLLZH ]S]HSH ][NHQ PLTNS GO HOWS PDL ][QH RS] C
PLLZ G[NQ GO HOWS PLTNSD G[NQ GTH[CG RLTH[LCG RQ PHDLO GOWSN CZHF COHU L[DFO
G]JWQ O PLTNSG G]Q PCH GTH[C ZWT GHU GTH[C ]ZLI ][NHQ CLG GOLJ]NO HOLWC RCNH
LCQ ]LD L[DFO G]Q CLGNH ]S]HSH ][NHQ GSLCH GCHSZWTN CLG L[G RLCHLSG RQ GOWS ODC
PG DCG L[HLO HS]SLH P]ZIJD PLTNSG OOG ]LDOH DCG L[HL PU PDLG OUDG L[HL PLZOHJ
]LDOH HZHOJL LCQ ]LDO PLTNS P]HC O ]H[LWG ]OLNC RLSUO GLLJD ]NLL ]ZHOJQ G]HC@ GL[HL
>P]ZIJD PLTNSG PLFLQUQ OOG
GOLJ]NO VC R]LOH [HNQO GOHNL GLJ CLG FHU ON RLCHLSG RQ PHDLO GOWS HOLWC [DHTH ZOHJ GD[
GWLFU G]ZIJ MNOG RWHC OND GO R[ZG L[G LCFH LFLQ CLYHQ GCHSZWT RLC ]H[LW ]ONHC PEH
[HQCN OOG ]LDH LCQ ]LD HZOJS G]HQ [JCO Z[H
GO HOWS PLTNSG RWHC OND PGLS L[DFOH RLCHLSG RQ HC RLTH[LCG RQ GOWS RLD HZOLJ CO CD[H LLDC
[QCQ GD GU PC [QC CD[H DCG L[HLO HS]SLL G]HQ [JCO RLFG CHGH GO PDL ][QH CLGN
G]QN PLTNSD ZHOJO GCHS ZWTH GTH[C LCFH GHU [QCQ LCQ ]LD L[DFO
[QCQG OLUHQ RLC PLTNSG HQFZ ODC PLTNS GO HOWS LSWO GUSN Z[ OLUHQ [QCQG C
VTHL LZHQS CDKL[ GI[ LWU PDLO PLTNSG ]HNIO
MNOG GO LCFH LFLQ CLYHGO OLUHQ HSLC RLCHLSZWTN CHG [QCQ GD GU HOLWC GLLJD D
CO GDO ODC DO HSLLGH@ TH] [HNQ] CO GOLJ]NO NLWUC GC[S MC ]H[LW ]ONHC CLG
CDKL[G FFY RNH >HSUQ
GO HOWS PLTNSG VHE ]C GOLJ]NO [HNQ] CO ODC ]H[LW GOLJ]NO ][NHQ GI[G D]NH
[QCQ RLC PLTNSG ]C GOLJ]NO ][NHQ L[LCQD QNH D]N RDQ[GH [QCQG ]LLU [JCO
GTZ MH[U RJOD ZTWS RNH RSD[FQ G[Y ]LLJF RLSUO COC GDO OLUHQ
]LD VCH OUDG L[HL ]ZIJD PLSHC[ ]WTH]H [ZLU G]DH]N PDLG O HLLJD G]Q PDL ][QH D
O HLLJD G]Q CLG ONH PLLJQ ]HDEO GDH]N GS]LS CO LWO LC D[ LLDC [DFD HZOJS CO LCQ
TH]H L[ GOUD LLJD G]Q GCN LGL[G PDL
GDH]ND PE LQF LHDEN ]HDELO FQHUG [K LCQ ]LDO GSZTQG LWO KZS [HCQG OUD C
]ZHOJQ RLC CSZTQO VC OCSSJ HSD[Q CLDG RNH HELG RDQ[GH HZHOJL LCQ ]LD PL[QHC
C[DH TH]DH L[D QNH GDH]ND
PCH HO H]JW H]JW PCH G]DH]ND P]CQH GOUD ]LDO GCG GTLSNG PLTNS PG OI[D RCY LTNS D
GL[HL ]ZIJD PCG PLC[HQCG ]ZHOJQD [DFG LHO] W ]HDH]ND L[WO HO H[L]HG H[L]HG
]HLC HZHOJL ZTWH PDQ[G KZS RNH GCG L[HL ]ZIJD HC OUDG L[HL PU HZOJL HC
ELG HLHFJD RDQ[GH THSNL FU PDLO HO RLC KZS PLTNS P]HCQ ]H[LWG RLSUOH LDN
[ZLUO HTZ CQ[G KZS RNH HZHOJL ]H[LWD VC CHG RLFD
EQTG HKZS RNH GDH]NN PDLG ]ZIJD OI[D RCY LTNS RCN PLFHQ ONG HFFY TH]GH
]H[LWG VC HI GUFOH@ [ZLUO O[GQH C[G HKZS RNH G ]HQJOQD RDQ[GH FDC[G
P[NQOH PLTNS P]HC OHKLO GOHNL GSLC LCFH GLLJD RNH >O[ L[LCQ PDLO PLTNS P]HCQ
XHOJL FU RDQ[ LCQ ]LDO RLD OOG ]LDO RLD
PSLF >GLDC ]LD JD PHQ@ GLDC ]LD OC PL[IHJ [C RLUD PG PLTNS RLD PLZOJQ LH
F[WT LSHCE PD L[LCQ OUDG L[HL ]ZIJD PG OI[D RCY LTNS [C RLDH HZHOJL D
RLC HOC PLTNSD PLZIJHQ OUDG L[HLH G]Q PC PLZTHWG ]ZHOJQ CLG RHLN GUQOH
R[G ]DH] LWU ITZ CQ[ PFLQ PLCLYHQ
IK[
]HQDL ]NTQ PHNLTO ]HDH]H ]HOC
H]]LQD GQU PLCYHL PGH G]DH]ND P]CQ COH ]H[LW ]OLNCO GOUDO GCG GTLSNQ PLTNS E
G]QN MNOG PLTNS P]HCD ]HNI PDLO L PCG OOG ]LDH LCQ ]LD [DFD HZOJS LLDC L[DFO EHOQ
GCHS G]LGN LN DCG L[HL OYC [QHON P]ZIJD PLTNSG HC DCG L[HL PU OUDG L[HL PLZOHJ
]LDO HOLWC CD[OH L[ GFLQ GUH[E HFL GZLI COC GD PDLO RLCH ]QN MNOG GFLN GOUD O HFL
L[W LWU GFLN PDLG FL GOUD ]QNH GFLQ GWLFU OUDG FL LN PLTNSD OUDG L[HL PLOKHS OOG
QQ LWU FDC[ L[ ]UFD PLSHC[ PLZOHJ MNOG
]HSO PLOHNL HLG MN PLTNSG VHED G]LQ [JCO GDH D HZOJS PN LLDCO C[QED [CHDQ
]H[LW RLSUOH GLLJD P]ZHOJQ
GOUD ]H[D G]LGN GO HOWS PLTNS CD[ ]UFO >L[N COF@ PL[DHT PLSHC[GQ GQN C
LWU OKD G[NQ GS]SH G[NQ PCH PGD DCG L[HL HZOJL COH POHN PG PDLG ]ZIJD
FHUH CD[ GI[ RDQ[ VL[G
GOLJ]NO P[NQO GO RLC GOUD ]J] GO HOWS EHOQ LTNSD ZOJ PDLO RLC LLDC ]UFO PE D
L[LCQ LWU
CLGN HOWS PLTNS HQN ]HNI PDLO PGD RLC [HCQG OUD ]UFO PLTNS P]HCQ ]H[LWG E
OLCHG ]H[LW HO RLC THSNL [JCO HOLWC PL[QHC LH@ ]H[LW HO HSZ] CO PDL ][QH
>L[LCQD ]CDHQ HI GUF D]N PC COC HLOU GDH]N GO RLCH
RNH ]H[LWD GNI TSNN THSNL FU PONHC HSLC LN PC O[ PLNTG RNH RDQ[G ]UFOH
PLTNSG VHEN PLUS ]H[LWG P[HL CHG PDL ][QH GFHUD G]QN
EHOQ LTNS ]H[LWD GQU ZOHJ PDLG D]N LDN ]HLC FDC[GH
GZGH GOUD ]J] GO HLG EHOQ LTNSQ ]H[LW ONHC PDLG C[QED UQQ D]N CD[GH
ONHC PDLG ][DHTG GUF CLDQ L[LCQDH UY D [CSH G]HFWO DLLJ HSLC COG MN OU
]H[LWGQ ]LYJQ
H]HQN KZS CWW D[ PE LN LLDCN GNOG ]HZHTW ]HNOGD RHCE LCFHGL D[Q HCLDG TH]G F
[JC PUKQ RN PLZTHW L PHON GOUD ]J] GO HOWS PLTNSD PDLO RLC L[LCQG KZS RNH
EHOQ LTNS GNOGO ODC PDQ[G ]UFD RDQ[U LCQ ]LDO COC CD[H LLDC HZOJS CO
LDN ]HLC PDQ[ PG DCG L[HLO GOUDO GTLSNG
G[NQ PC D]NH GI[G ZTW RNH CD[N GNOG PLSHCEGH L[ PD CLDG CDKL[G HOLCH
L[HL ]ZIJD PLTNSG G]Q PCH OKD G[NQ GOUD ]J] CLGN GO HOWS HOC PLTNS
PLTNSD ZHOJO HTZ CQ[D HI GUF G[NIHGH PGLS ]ZIJD L[WOH OUDG
PDLO RLC [D]TQ GTH[C G]LG ODC GOUDO GCHS G]LGN GO HOWS PLTNSD GI ON G
P]S]HSH P][NHQ GLLJD VC [QHO LH RDQ[ LWU G]HQD COH GLLJD CO PHON PGD
G[NQ PC LCFH GTH[C PE L[GH GTH[C ZWT COC GHU GSLC GTH[C ]ZLIH OLCHG GOLJ]NO
RLCHLSG RQ GSQOC RLD ZHOLJ RLC D]N O[GQ L[DFD UYH L[LCQH CDKL[ CD[ LWU PLLZ GS]SH
RLTH[LCG RQ GSQOCO
[HLG CHG DCG PLLZ ]QG LDC PCH HLJC [CH PDLG HSLLG OUDG L[HL H[QC GQ OND H
[HL PDLG LJ DCG HOLWC PL[DHTH PLZOHJ LH L[LCQ [QCQ PDLG GUN HOLWC RLFG RNH
GSH[JC GUFN KZS O[H ]HUFG L] ITZ CQ[ U
LTNS
IL[
]UF VTHL
G[HCNO UQQ LDN ]HLC MOQOGSQDH G[HL PDLG RLC GC[S PDL]GO G[HTCG GQDL I
GYU GSLC COC []HQ PHDLG PHZQD POHCH [D]TQ HSLCH G[HL PDLG [QHO ZW]TQ
]QFHZ GYLOJ ]HYQH OHC CDCN PLKZHS GIG RQID RNH G[HL PDL GC[S ]SEHG
HSLC MND GZLIG GOZHG COH GHYQ PO PHDLO GZHZI CLG G]U PE L[G G[HL GC[S
NKLZ LC RHIJ LWU IKN COF PLSH[JC ]UF RNH GHYQ PO RLHNQ
CLYHQ ZWT RLC ]OCDH HCO PC LQF LHDEN ]HDEO FQHUG [K PCG GOCD CLEHTD ]H[CHDQ ]H]HZWS HOC HT
LCFH LFLQ
HLL[HQ [C OU HC HLDC OUH HLOU ]LDG OWS MNLWO LQF LHDEN ]HDEO FQHUG [K LCQ ]LD L[DFO
LOUD LN ]HDHJG LOUD PU DCG L[HL HZOJL ]HDHJ LOUDH GDH]N HLOU LH GOLJ] ]Q LQ UHFL RLCH
CHG [HL ZWT PGQ FJC ON L[GH HL[HL HQN PLZIJHQN PLDJS [KG
LWUC G]DH]N ]OKHS GOUD ]Q FU ]H]O GZLWTG COH G[]TSH GOUD GO CSLZ GC RNH
G]DH]NO PLFDUHQG PLTNSD ]ZIJHQN CLG L[G LQF LHDEN [KG RHLN MC HCO PC G]SLI PC ZWT
GFLQ PLCLYHQ RLCH
]LDG OWSD [QHON R]ZIJD PLTNS MNOG LHDEN HSLC [KG PGL[DFO HOC LSD PLZOHJ OOG ]LD
RLC H]C ]C LCG CLDGH G]H GSLC MH]Q OUDG L[HL ]ZIJD GKHTDH DCG L[HL ]ZIJD
GDH]N ]OKHS
GSLF PDL ][QH MNOG OOG ]LDO RLD LCQ ]LDO RLD LCFH LFLQ CLYHQ ZWT RLC [QC GD[
ZWT PDLGH RWHC OND GO R[ZG LCFH CLG LSWQ GO HOWS PLTNSD [HNQO GOHNL GCHSZWTN
MC OUDG L[HL PU DCG L[HL PLZOHJ HLG LCFH LFLQ CLYHQ GLG ZWT HOLC G]QN G]DH]N RLSUO RNH
LCFH CHG PDLGQ PHON PLOKHS GL[HL RLC LCF LFLQ CLYHQ HSLC RHLN
CLG LSWQ GO HOWS PLTNSD [HNQO GOHNL GSLC RLCHLSG RQ PDL ][QH [DHT COHU OLUO [HQCN
GCHSZWT
CLYHQG LCFH [FED DH[G GOJS CLYHGO OLUHQ W[ RJG ]HYZD FFLY DH[ PHZQD
DH[G JN OLUHQ RLC DW RLHFZ C[GQ JLNHGO D]N KIO ]H[UG XDHZDH LCFH LFLQ
U CQH L[DD P RHFO D]NH KDG ]ZIJQ GOJS CLYHGO
KO VF
"PDLGQ GQDLO GDH]N L PCG IT
]H[ RLCH G]DH]NO PLFDUHQ [LCG PLTNSG ONH RHC[G GOUD LTNS OU GFHDUL GQDLG ]DH]N
FDUL COH PLQG RQ HO HSZG GC PDLG LTNS OU COH CW ]HDH]N G]QNTGD CO P[NQO PDLO
TH] PLFDUHQ PLTNS CO VC RHC[G RQ GO RLC PCH L[ GY[L ]U OND P[NQO OHNLH HLTNS
GCLYHGO HLSLUD GOZ CG] CO LFN PDQ[ GSQOC RLFN GSQ PDLGQ GO HSZ]
PLTNSGQ VH[K] CO ]Q O ]HF MN [JC HWF]G HOLWC PL[JCO HLTNSQ PDLG [NQ C
LSD PLTNS PDLO L PC POHCH LJG LTNS OU COH ]QG LTNS OU GFHDUL L[G PDLG [NQ
JL[