G[HCNO UQQ LDN ]HLC MOQOGSQDH G[HL PDLG RLC GC[S PDL]GO G[HTCG GQDL I
GYU GSLC COC []HQ PHDLG PHZQD POHCH [D]TQ HSLCH G[HL PDLG [QHO ZW]TQ
]QFHZ GYLOJ ]HYQH OHC CDCN PLKZHS GIG RQID RNH G[HL PDL GC[S ]SEHG
HSLC MND GZLIG GOZHG COH GHYQ PO PHDLO GZHZI CLG G]U PE L[G G[HL GC[S
NKLZ LC RHIJ LWU IKN COF PLSH[JC ]UF RNH GHYQ PO RLHNQ
CLYHQ ZWT RLC ]OCDH HCO PC LQF LHDEN ]HDEO FQHUG [K PCG GOCD CLEHTD ]H[CHDQ ]H]HZWS HOC HT
LCFH LFLQ
HLL[HQ [C OU HC HLDC OUH HLOU ]LDG OWS MNLWO LQF LHDEN ]HDEO FQHUG [K LCQ ]LD L[DFO
LOUD LN ]HDHJG LOUD PU DCG L[HL HZOJL ]HDHJ LOUDH GDH]N HLOU LH GOLJ] ]Q LQ UHFL RLCH
CHG [HL ZWT PGQ FJC ON L[GH HL[HL HQN PLZIJHQN PLDJS [KG
LWUC G]DH]N ]OKHS GOUD ]Q FU ]H]O GZLWTG COH G[]TSH GOUD GO CSLZ GC RNH
G]DH]NO PLFDUHQG PLTNSD ]ZIJHQN CLG L[G LQF LHDEN [KG RHLN MC HCO PC G]SLI PC ZWT
GFLQ PLCLYHQ RLCH
]LDG OWSD [QHON R]ZIJD PLTNS MNOG LHDEN HSLC [KG PGL[DFO HOC LSD PLZOHJ OOG ]LD
RLC H]C ]C LCG CLDGH G]H GSLC MH]Q OUDG L[HL ]ZIJD GKHTDH DCG L[HL ]ZIJD
GDH]N ]OKHS
GSLF PDL ][QH MNOG OOG ]LDO RLD LCQ ]LDO RLD LCFH LFLQ CLYHQ ZWT RLC [QC GD[
ZWT PDLGH RWHC OND GO R[ZG LCFH CLG LSWQ GO HOWS PLTNSD [HNQO GOHNL GCHSZWTN
MC OUDG L[HL PU DCG L[HL PLZOHJ HLG LCFH LFLQ CLYHQ GLG ZWT HOLC G]QN G]DH]N RLSUO RNH
LCFH CHG PDLGQ PHON PLOKHS GL[HL RLC LCF LFLQ CLYHQ HSLC RHLN
CLG LSWQ GO HOWS PLTNSD [HNQO GOHNL GSLC RLCHLSG RQ PDL ][QH [DHT COHU OLUO [HQCN
GCHSZWT
CLYHQG LCFH [FED DH[G GOJS CLYHGO OLUHQ W[ RJG ]HYZD FFLY DH[ PHZQD
DH[G JN OLUHQ RLC DW RLHFZ C[GQ JLNHGO D]N KIO ]H[UG XDHZDH LCFH LFLQ
U CQH L[DD P RHFO D]NH KDG ]ZIJQ GOJS CLYHGO
KO VF
"PDLGQ GQDLO GDH]N L PCG IT
]H[ RLCH G]DH]NO PLFDUHQ [LCG PLTNSG ONH RHC[G GOUD LTNS OU GFHDUL GQDLG ]DH]N
FDUL COH PLQG RQ HO HSZG GC PDLG LTNS OU COH CW ]HDH]N G]QNTGD CO P[NQO PDLO
TH] PLFDUHQ PLTNS CO VC RHC[G RQ GO RLC PCH L[ GY[L ]U OND P[NQO OHNLH HLTNS
GCLYHGO HLSLUD GOZ CG] CO LFN PDQ[ GSQOC RLFN GSQ PDLGQ GO HSZ]
PLTNSGQ VH[K] CO ]Q O ]HF MN [JC HWF]G HOLWC PL[JCO HLTNSQ PDLG [NQ C
LSD PLTNS PDLO L PC POHCH LJG LTNS OU COH ]QG LTNS OU GFHDUL L[G PDLG [NQ
JL[
]HQDL ]NTQ PHNLTO ]HDH]H ]HOC
[JCO RHC[G LTNS HWF]S PCH GCLYHGO HLSLUD GOZ CG] CO PGQ GDHE RL[HJ
GDHE GSLC HD]N LH TH] LWU GDHE GSLC LSG O RL[HJ LSDQ VC PDLG G[LE
FL[ UH MN OU GQ] O[GQH [HKD CHG RN LSG O RL[HJ LSDQ
JCGH GO PLFDUHQ HOOG PLTNSG L[G G]DH]ND GQ G]LSHFS LHHN PLTNS RHC[G JLSG D
O[GQ OI[D RCY LTNSN G]LLSHFSO ]HL[JC H]DH]ND HQYU OU ODZQ LSG
HLTNSQ GO GS]LO DLLJ LSG RLC PLTNS JLSG CO PC RHC[G GO DLLJ]S GDH]N ]WTH] E
KOZ CEQ L[ ]H LWU GTSNN H]UFQ GO DLLJ]S PC COC
LQ LH ]QG L[HLO PLTNSG [CH GOUD LTNSQ G]DH]N GDHE PLJCG RQ FJC GO XOJ F
PDLLOQ PLQNJG LU CHG THSC L[G GDH]N GO R]LO DLLJ HSLC XHOJO PLWHN HLNU D]N
HSL]HD[ ON RNH C ]HFJ ]HDH] IHC J[ HSD ]DH]D U PLZOHJ GD[GH KO] UH[I[HCG FFY RN
]HOGZG ]SZ]QH ZWT RHOD >COC@ D]N CO L[CQ CDC PEH GDH]N GQDLO ]HDEGO [DFD PLHH RLEGHS
ETZ] WF E[DSKH[Q P[GQ ]H DN LNF[Q U GYLOJ [JCO PLTNSD PLZOHJ GQDLGH PDLG
FGTZ UGC N[ RFG ]QH[]
RLFQ GDH]N GO RLC RLTH[LCG RQ GOWS GQDL C]L[HCF GDH]N [QHC LQO HOLWC GC[S G
PLKWQ GQNJ MQ LWU G[H]G ]HYQ PHQ COC HSHY[D GQDLLQ HSLC PDLG LSWQ G[H]
HO HSZG PLQQ COC PDLO TJLL]Q HSLC PHDL RLSZ FDL[ UGC [ISLSDCD UUH HKDN
"PLG ]SLFQD CHG [CN HC PDLLO GYH[ HSLCN RLFG GQH PDLLO GHYQ PLJCG RQ GILCD C JT
"VLFU GQ OHFE ]YLOJ HC [LUY JC PHDL D
"GYLOJ RLSUO OHFEG JCO ]HWLFU L PCG E
"MWGO HC GYLOJO ]QFHZ PHDL ]HYQ PCG F
KL[
MLOU HO PL[QHCH OHFE OYC PL[IHJ HY[ CO PLJCG ON OU PLNOGQ GY[ CO PDLLO OHFED GHYQ C
HQDLL GKHD HC [JD GO] HO PLUQH RLC OLFEL FU RKZD OHFEG GO] PDLL HC XHOJ HC GHYQ
RLJ GNHQO RLFG CHGH HO PLUQH RLC L[LCQH PDQ[O QGLW TH]U HCW[]LNO HC []OCO HC PG
]C PLGQ RLC CHDLNO OHFED ]HO]O RKZO PLUQH RLC PLG ]SLFQD OHFEG GLG >F OLUO LWU TH]
PDLL HC XHOJ HC GHYQ MLOU HO PL[QHC COC GHYQG
RLSUO RNH [H L[ RKZG OC OHFEG RQ PLNOHG PL[QHC L PLJCG ON OU PLNOGQ [CN C
LWU PDLLQ OHFEG RLC [CN PLH POHN PL[QHC LH CDKL[ PFHZ OHFE OHFEG GLLWN
FN OLUO C[QEG ]T[LED LHO]H PDQ[
GSLFQ G]HCD ][JC [LUD CO ODC HO PLSL]QQ RLC PLG ]SLFQD OHFEGN CZHF PL[QHC L D
JD ]HD PLSLF LK[W UH CTZ JD L U [DFD PLZOJQ PSLC LH GO RFG ]QH[] LWU
INZ YY DL LSH[EG ]FHDU CW DJ UGC T]J ]H DQZ DZUL ]LD DY ]HFJG
FFY OHFED GYH[ G[QCD ]D[TQ CLGH PDLO GYH[ [JCG JCGH PLG ]SLFQD OHFEG [CN E
PC COC ]F[HQ RLF RLC GNOGO COC G]DH]N FLTWGO ]F[HQ RLF GO L O[GQ
CO PDLL]GO ]D[TQ LWUC XHOJO GSNHQ PC ODC XHOJO ]D[TQ
GYLOJ H]YLOJ GC[S XOJH RKZG ]C HWNH FD H[DUH XHOJO COH PDLLO CO HY[ CO F
XHOJO GYH[ LQ RCN RLCH POHNO GZHZI CLG VHT VHT LN RLFN CO GHUQG GYLOJN GSLCH
GQ ]HFJ ]HDH]D CZU[EG GUQO CO FFY RN
]UF VTHL
PLWHN FD PEH RKZG COH GOLJ]NO XHOJO CHG DLLJ XHOJL COH PDLL CO OHFEG UDS G
L COC@ GHYQG OKDO GOJ GUHDG RLCH G[H]G RQ HLOU ]OKHQ GHYQG L[G OHFEG ]C
FHUH FCTZ CQ[ Z CJ XD] KSZ DL[ LWU >RLUG ]LC[Q LSWQ H]UHD OU OCLGO HO
LD[ [DFD HZOJS ]JC RHO LWO OHFE ]YLOJH GS ELQ GOUQO CHG ODC PLJCG OHFE HSLC RKZ ]CLD D
[JCQ GWLFU OHFE ]YLOJ CQ HC PHDLD GHYQ L[G GWLFU RKZ ]CLD PCG LHO RD UHGL LD[H RSJHL
GWLFU RKZ ]CLD PLFHQ ONG ][JC RHOOH OHFED GHYQH
PDLL]GO GYH[ GSLC GCG PC POHCH OHFEG ]YLOJ OU GWLFU RKZ ]CLD PLZTHWG HKZS C
RFG ]QH[] LWU GHYQO HOLWC RKZG RQ PDLL]GO GWHNO RLC GYLOJD XWJ PLJCG OHFEH
N[
GSHZ EL RDQ ]HJW RKZ ]CLD PLQNJO HOLWC [QHO L L[W LWU CDKL[G D]N D
L[LCQDH CDKL[G H[LWD U PLZOHJ LH OHFE ]YLOJQ GWLFU GLG] UQQ CO GQDLD
GH HC GWLFU OHFE ]YLOJ PCG HI GOCD HZOJS LHO RD UHGL LD[H RSJHL LD[ GSH[JC RHO LWO E
PLJCG [C ]YLOJO
OHFED GHYQ HSLSWO CHG PC ODC HSLSWO HSLC OHFEGN COC HZOJS CO [WQ LQ L C
GY ]HFJG JDG ]HD GQO LSLEQ LWU XHOJO
ZWTG LSWQ HGI UQQ P@ L[LCQ FL[ HD PDQ[ GWLFU OHFEG ]YLOJ PLZTHWG HD]N GNOGO D
PCH L[LCQD [CHDQ RN XHOJO PFHZ OHFE OHFEGH HCTZ UGC >O[ FFY RNH [HKLUG [WTD GNH
OLUO KH[LWD GC[ PLZOHJ LH P OCHQ ]LD GWLFU RKZG ]YLOJ RLC RKZOH GC OHFEO L
FN
CTZ OCHQ ]LD DO PLZHQU PLQ LWU OHFEG ]C PLWHN RLC GYH[ RKZGH XHOJO GYH[ OHFEG RLC E
PLWHN TH]GQ JLNHGO D]N [GH C DJ ]H[LCQ PLSW UH GQ[G PD PJH[L HSD[ LWU IZT
XHOJO OHFEG ]C
PO PLSHHN]Q RLC HLNU GHYQ PO PLSHHN]Q HLG GSHC[D GYLOJ ]HYQO ]QFHZ PHDL ]HYQ F
CDC ]UFN HGI C[QED H[CDH ]H[HND ]SQD HSLS MN PHDL ]HYQO ]QFHZ GYLOJ ]HYQ H[QC GHYQ
LSLUD LSC DH[ZH GH[UD UEHW HOLCN [JC [DF POH ]HLC POH LHS PO H]QDL TSHNG [QC OHC
PL[QHC PLQNJH >OHC CDCN ]NTQG ]OLJ]D RL]LS]Q P]TQ E C[QED HZLLF RNH@ [IQQ FOHG ]HLGO
]HYQO ]QFHZ PHDL ]HYQ [QHO H[IJ ZJYL LD[ [QC CQJ [D LQ[ [QC RNOH PHZQ ONQ GLOU CDL GQDL
RSD[N VHTDO H[DT LN GYLOJ
RN [DT GFHGL D[ VCH H]HC PLWHN RLC D[ [QC OHC CDCN ]QFHZ GYLOJ ]HYQ HLNU LWUC
GQDLGH PDLG [CN >C[G OU JDG ]HGEG PL[DFD CO VC@ XHOJO P]HC PLWHN RLC L[WO C
LWU CHG CZHFD@ GL[DFO CO]QC ]S]HSH PDLL]GO G]Y[ CO GQDLG PC ODC PHDLD PLYWJ
[WC LC PCH XHOJL LFN H]HC PLUKQ >RDQ[UH C[G OU OCHQ ][CW] L[LCQH CDKL[
PHDL ]HNOG EGD PE UH RLJ GNHQ LSWO GOWS GQDL RLFN XHOJL H]HC PLWHN H]HUKGO
HDQ C[ ]HD PE UH HL[DFQ GKS HO LTHT FJDH Q[ VOC CJ HL]HDH]D CD[G POHCH DJS
U CQ]TD MNO PLHJ GIG RQIDH@ GHYQ PO P]SHHN RLC PC PL[DHTH PLZOHJ TH]GH
N[
]HQDL ]NTQ PHNLTO ]HDH]H ]HOC
TH]U
PL[DFD GLWN@ XHOJO P]HC PLWHN PHDLG ]C PLYH[ PGLS LWUC >N[ RFG ]QH[]
PLWHN PLSWHCH ]HUF LH XHOJL FU H]HC PLFSQ HD]N EGYHCDH C[EG ]HGEGH C[GQ SZ P
EJ LHOG KD NKLZ CHIJ TZ OCHQ ]LD IL L DZ ZL[GQ ]H JO[] UH[I [HC U PLKHD
>CH[
LWUC PLSHC[ FHUH FT ]HDH]ND TH]D UQQ GYWJ GSLC CLGH PDLLO GYH[ CHG PCH
Z[H XHOJL LFN H]HC PLUKQ ODC GYLOJG OU H]HC PLWHN RLC GHYQO P]SHHN UHFL RLC
PLWHN JD GYWJ CLGH XHOJO COH PDLLO CO GYH[ HSLCN
RN PHDLG OU PLWHN RLC PDLLO COH XHOJO PLYH[ PC GHYQ PO PLSHHNQ HLG GSHC[D D
HSFQOO D[ CD GQH ]YOHJ PDLO XWJ HSLC PC CHG [HWQ C[ZQ COG GQ] FL[GH D[ [QCQ ][ [LW
PDLLO GY[H >[JC [DFO H]SHHNN VC OHC CDC OU PLZOHJG ]UFO HC@ GHYQ PO PLSHHNQ HLGN E
PLWHN HOCD FDOQ XHOJO H]HC PLWHN RLC GL[DFO CO]QC GS]S HOLWC GYWJ GSLC CLGH
FHUH FL[ RDQ[ TH] LWU XHOJO H]HC PLWHN IC LT[HDH RLJ GNHQ RHEN OUDG RQ CLYHGO
XHOJO H]HC PLWHN RLC PDLL]GO G]HC PLWHN RLC FNH RLJ GNHQ HOLWC PL[QHC LH
CDKL[D CDHQ
XHOJO LFN HSLSWO PLCD RHEN@ GHYQO P]SHHN HSO UHFL PC GIG RQID HOLWC TH]D UQQ F
GQO O PL UH OSN MN OU PLWHN RLC COC PDLLQ >[JC [DFO P]UF RLC PLCH[ L[GH
WDH ]HNL[CD
VCH FHUH RDQ[ G[H] [HTLCD [DHU PL[QHC L GHYQ PO RLHNQ PDLG RLC PC OHC CDCO G
RLC PL[QHC LH C[DTQ RDQ[G KZS RN FNH TSHC MH]Q H]QDL OU CDD RLFG RNH GCSZ CO
RLC PDLL]GO PGLS HY[ PC MNO L[ ]KLD PE RN D]N LH CDKL[ LWU RSD[F [HTLC COC GI
CH[ EJ LHOG KD U XHOJO P]HC PLDLLJQ
RDQ[G HKZS RNH GYLOJO ]QFHZ PHDL ]HYQ POHUO PLQNJN HZTW PDQ[GH VL[G H
]HDH]N LNF[QD PE UH DL OLUO L[LCQGH ]H]OCG ]UF RNH [ZLUO L[LCQGH LHQSGH CDKL[GH
OCSSJ HSD[ ZTWH [IJ RNH OHC CDCN ZTW P] HSD[ HOLCH PLQNJN [QHO H[IJ L[G JWZ
]C PLWHN ]HDLLG ]SZ] JNQ EQ ROGO HLZTWD PE UH PLQNJN GNOG LWUC D]N FL[GH
GYH[ GSLC CLGN PL[HQC HL[DF G[HCNO GC[S PL]CQH GSQH G]LSHFS GO R]LOH XHOJO PDLG
U FGTZ UGC PLTNSD PLZOHJH XHOJO PLWHN PH ]HOLGZ ]HSZ] PHZQDH PDL]GO
MN OU PLNQHT RLC COHZO GC[S H]ULLTH P] HSD[N PLZTHW HSC C[QHJO LW OU VCH
CWZ OL[GQ ]H LWU >XOHJ HSLC CQHT PL[QHC L CQHT ]YLOJ RLSUO GSLQ CZWSH@
"GQDLGH PDLG PG XHOJO PGLSWO PLCDG PLUFHL RLF ]LD FYLN KT
LF HC GQDLG CLGH PDLG CHG RLF ]LD LSWD FLUGO PL[N PLFU PLNL[Y PCG CSLD[H CJC D[ HZOJS
LHOLE GNOGO HZLTG RNH UHKH PDQ[ LWU RHDSH [LNQ CHG RKZ HC FDU RNH GC HC DH[Z ]HFUD VC
GC HOLWCH DH[Z HOLWCH CHG CQOUD C]OLQ
CLG GCG OUH PDLG CHG PFC H]HC OU FLUGOH PGLW OU MHQTO [JC FU OHNL RN HQN C
RLCH PLHJ FJ LN ODC FJ RLCN CZHFH RHQQ RLSUO RLD [HTLC RLSUO RLD GQDLG
VL[ HIN ]HFU OU PLNQHT
CN[
]UF VTHL
PDLG GI HDH[Z [QCH RLF ]LDO CDN MNOG PDLG CHG LQ ]CIG [LUD UHFLN [DHFQ GC[S D
HFLZ LC RHIJ LWU ]HFU ML[Y RCN PDLG HSO UHFL RLC PC ODC HO PLUQH HQ GIH
EW CJ XD] JS DLW LNF[Q UUH
]LQ[]O HJO L LN PLFU LS PLNL[Y P]HC PL[LNQ FD RLC PC H[LW PLSHCEGQ L
DH[ZGQ HUQ GQ OU PLNQ]TQ FDD PLFLUQG PLFUG GSHHNG GC HC DH[Z H[QC GQH
CDHQ [Z J O GDLT G]LG CO HUQ GUD LN DCG FYQ HLJC HGI HQH] LWO JLTQN
VL[G ]UFD EY UGC ZLDHSDH DWZ DL[G ]HD PE UH HI GUFO GKSH L[LCQD
]HFUQ GI U[E CQ HC ]QG LJC CHG [QHO FU LWQ FU OLUHQ PCG ZW]TS CZU[EG
FU LWQ PLFLUQG PLFU LSD MC R[ZN TW]S CGLH GFD]L CQ C[L]Q RLC GC HC DH[Z
OSN [N LCFH L[LCQGQ UQQ
LC HGI PLFLUQG GC HC DH[ZD LF RHQQ O ]H[K RLSUO PE I LW DD C[G D]N E
GCO KE MLOHQG JLO RLSUO MC CHG CQOUD C]OQ LHOLE PHQ ]LSHOW GCH ]LSHOW
HI PLFLUQG PLFU LW OU GO R]L ML[Y HQYUD G[LNQ HSLC PC JO[ RFG ]QH[]D ZTW
U PL[N PLFU COO VC OLUHQ FDULFD PL[QHC LH HGHUKL CQ PLHJ KED CLG
]LDD ]HFU ]ODZ ML[Y RLC GSHC[ GUFO VCH FHUH HO CJ IDF[ ]H CLDQZ HOCQZ UGC
LZT DQZ IK LWU CZHF RLF
Q KO PLWF
GLOU CDL GQDL C U
FZ PHZQD ONC] ]HYQ D
"HSFQOO HOC PLDH]N HCD GQ
G[L]GO [HIJ] G[]HGH G[IJH G[TCS ][]HQ HLJC GFLZ CO FU GOLJ]D GQDLG G]LG LWO C
GI [QCQO PLH[LW LSH GHYQ GLOU CDL GQDL [QHO FHQO] "RHC[G
G Q D L H GLOU CDL GQDL PHDL ]HYQ PO ]HLGO GNL[Y G]CLD FHQOO CLG GSHHNG OHC CDC L[DFO
PLQNJOH LQLFDC [D ZJYL LD[ [LW RN HNH LHS PO VC ][]HQ G]LG GOLJ]DN GSLCH PHDL ]HYQ PO
CD[ [LW RN GYLOJG RQ []HL GQDLO HLOU GHYQ FHQOO GSHHNG OHC CDC OU PLZOHJG
PHDLD GHYQ GHYQ PO PLSHHN]Q HLG PC OHC CDCO HOLWC RDQ[D QNH TH]D [CHDQ
OSG DH]NG [H]LQ CO ODC XOHJ PDLLO XWJ HSLC PC Z[ C[ZQG ]HUQQQ RN FQHO [QHO LH
[D ZJYL LD[ H[LWO HLSDH R[GC HONCL GSQQ ][]HSGH [QCS [DN CHG []L C[ZQ ONC] ]HYQ D
]HYQ OOND GWC VHTDOH KOJ HOLWCH PLJ]H[D KHOJ COH ]HYQ GSONCL [QHO DH]NG CD LQLFDC
C[ TH]UH C[QEG L[DF ]HKWQ QN RN GUL CO DH]NG FLWZG RCN JTWD H]DHJ LFL GID CYHLH CHG
CD CD[ H[LWOH HO CJ LHOG KD U TK HL[DFD L [WCH KHOJ HFHUD Z[ CHG [HTLCG HCNO HL[DFQ GC[S
GONCO G]FHDU FDHUG RGNG OU GHYQ [QHO DH]NG
G]YZQ ONCL DL[ZQG RGNG ML[Y GD PLZOJ]Q DC ]LD H]HCQ PLSGNG [C LW OU VC C
RGNO R]LO OHNL PL[QHC LH L[LCQ GY[L PC GOHN OHNCO DL[ZQG OHNLH L[LCQH TH] LWU
HY [W NH]O [G H[LW LWU DC ]LD H]HCQ [JC
DN[