GHO]Q H]YHOJ ]DH[Z PHQ RSD[FQ ]H[HTC H]YHOJ ]HDH[Z ]H[Y POHCH ]H[]HQ G[YG ]HDH[Z
G[HTCG H]YHOJ ][Y PHQ G][Y H[TC MNO ]YOHJG CLG GDH[ZG H[DTL CQH XHOJO RLF ]LDO GQU
VL[H J[ L[ H[WH HT[E RN G[H]GQ
G][Y [HTCO RLC HKZSH L[W OU HGQ] TH]GH G[HTC L[NSQ G][Y HOLWC D]N L[
]UF RNH >L[NSO COH HLJCO GCHSD P[GQ HL[DFN COF HH[LW ]YZ DLO HD]NH@ L[NSQ
LSWQ G[IEG PUK C[GH L[G H[LWH ICL[GH L[LCQGH FL[G CDKL[G CD[G RDQ[G
][YO GQHF LN PLJCG RQ FJCO GCHSN G]DH[Z ][Y H[TC RNOH GH[EO GQHF GYHOJG
GHYQ PHZQD GH[U
L[ L[DFN GOLJ]NO [HTCO D]N O[GQH
CQ VF
"PLCDG PL[ZQD RLFG GQ EU
PHDLO HLSWO HOWS H]H[E ]HJC HC H]YHOJ ]HJC C
G]HJC ]C HLJC FLZ PDL ][QH D
GQDLG G]Q MN [JCN [HQCG G[ZQD E
PDLG ]QN OSN F
FZQG O H]C G]QN OSN G
RSD[FQ PDLG OU G[HTC LSWQ ]QDL]Q COH ]YOHJ HI L[G ]QH G]HJC ]C HLJC CSH H]QDLO XOHJG C
OSN H]YHOJ ]HJC PHQ
]LD [IQQ FOHGH C]L[HCFQ GH[U H]YHOJ ]DH[Z [DHT L[QEO G[HKW L[DH FQ CDLZU LD[ L[DFO
H]LD HC[Z DH]NG OUSG XHOJ
]HJC PHQ HLOU GH[U [HTLCD CLG L[G G[HKW HI L[G ]QH G]HJC ]C HLJC CSH H]C ]C [EQG
]C PHQ ]LQOHU HLOU G[HTC GOLWS ]UD HLOU G[TCS RHLN MN [JC H]C G]Q HOLWCH@ H]C
>O OLUOFN JC
]C [HTCO GDHJ PLJCO GQDLG ]ZLI C[L]D RD GFHGL LD[ L[DFO G]HJC ]C HLJC FLZ PDL ][QH D
GTSN HC HLJC GO XOJ GUQ MLJC GUL FU THSN] OCH R]QG JCO PL[QHC RNOH JCG OU G]HJC
THSNO LC[ PGL[DFOH ]HDH[ZG [HTCO GDHJ GZLI RLC PL[DHTH PLZOHJG PLCS] LH@ H]C ]C THSNL
RD GFHGL LD[N GNOG OCHQ ZTWH >[H L[DH IL OLUO U L[QEO JC H]HCQ GQDLG ]ZLI GUZW FLQ
C[L]D
PFHZQ FLZ PC ODC PHDLO G]HJC GOWS [JCO >CD[ RSD[FQH@ [HTLCD FLZN CZHF C
HOLWC@ GCS PC ODC CS COH FLZ CZHFH C[ JL OLUO TH] RL]QGO ML[Y RLC RNO
C[ L[QEO GZLI GUZWH G[HQE H]C CLG LSWQ OHUDOQ RL]QGO ML[Y RLC >[HTLCD
KED CO MC GSQQ H[WO ML[Y CS HOLWC ZTW O[GQH JL OLUO PLSHC[D U PLZOHJ LH CD[
RGN CHG HOLWC KED G]HC PLL[WQ THSNL CO FLZ [JC HO H[QC PLQNJ L[DF OU [DU PCH
FN[
]HQDL ]NTQ PHNLTO ]HDH]H ]HOC
CDKL[ CD[ LWU
HSQQ OHFE L HC OHFEG JCG CHG FZQG PC RLD GI RLFD [WG RLC D
L[LCQH
G]HJCD []HQ G]Q G[HQE H]C HOLWC L[G H]C ]C JCG THSNL GQDLG G]Q E
GYLOJD HLJC ]C ]CH H]ZHZI ]HJC CLG L[G KED H]C ]C CLYHL [JC JC P RLCH PDLG ]Q F
H]H[E ]HJC PHQ PDL]GO G[HTC
RSD[FQ COC H]C ]HJC ]LUS LSWQ GYLOJ GNL[Y GSLC G[H] RLFQ CD[G [LW
PC VCH@ L[QEO G]ZLI GUZW [DN PHON GNL[Y GQDLG RLC H]C ]C C S H [DU PC
CD[ >[HTLC GUH OLCHG TSZ PHQ HLOU G[HTC H]C [QCS
MN [JCH ][]HQ G]LG PHDLO G]OLWS ]UD LSWQ H]QDLD []HQ CSLSJ LD[H D[ L[DFO H]C G]Q G
HOLCH RHC[G G[]LGO [HIJ] ]HJCG G]QN G[]HGH G[IJH G]HJC ]C FLZN HLOU G[TCS
]KL CLG RNH ]LQOHU HLOU G[TCS ]JC GU G[TCS GQDL H]QDLD [HTC H[QC LTC D[H OCHQ
RSD[F CDLOC CLG PLC[HQCG ]ZHOJQH ]QDL]Q COH ]YOHJ H]QDL H]C G]Q PC [IUOC LD[ CS]G
HLOU PLZOHJG
]UF PE RNH@ OCHQ FESN RL[HTLCD H]HQN GNOG L[G RHC[G G[L]GO ][IHJ D[N GNOG C
>C[U LTC D[ FESN CSLSJ LD[N GNOGH C[UH CD[ VL[ IN OLUO RSJHL LD[
G]QH GCS HOLWC COC RLTH[LCG RQ G]QD CZHF HCO H]QDLD []HQ H]C G]Q [QC D[ D
CD[ H]QDLD []HQ
PC COC GYLOJ HC PHDL ]HYQ HLOU G[IJ CO H]QDLD []HQ [QHCG L[DFO [LW CD[G E
Z[ HGI HL[DFQ G[HCNO UQQH@ GOLWSG ]UD JC ]C [HTLC []HG [DN GSCLO OHNL GY[L
PLZOHJ PLSHC[ GQNH >LZO L[O NCQ GOLWS ]UQ JC ]CF ][N [HTLC UZW RSJHL LD[ ]UFO
G[IJ CO PHDLO PGO GZHZI CLG RLLFUH PLWTHS PLJC LN CD[G L[DF LWO PL[QHC L
GQDL RLFN HO G[HTC MNOG GZHZI GSLC HLDEOH PHDLO GZHZI PGO L[G GI JCO G[]LGO
CN DZUL ]HOGZ FO CJ [IULJC ]HD U PLZOHJ LH ZHO
GOWSN L[G H]QDLD []HQ RLC D[O HOLWC CDKL[G D]N H]C G]Q NJCH PDLG ]Q F
L[LCQG D[G ]UF RNH ]LQOHU HLOU G[TCS RN RHLNH GC ]HJC PHQ G[TCS HLSWO
PDLG ]QN PE ][TCSH ][IHJ GSLC GOLWSG ]UD G[]HG RHLN COC RN RLFG RLC CD[G ]UFO GC[SH
GQDLG RLC CS ODC GCS COH G]HJC ]C FLZN COC ]YOHJ [IUOC LD[ [QC CO G
CD[ PHON GNL[Y
"]QDL]Q HC GQDLG ]YOHJ GOUD ]HQ [JCO RQI GQN C FU
"RKZ LSWO GOWSN RLFG GQH "]LSHILS GQDLG LQ O:Q
r t D
RD FOHG CGLH ][DHUQ CLG CQ GOUD ]QQ PLFJ GO [HDU FU PDLL]] COH XHOJ] CO GQDLG C
GSLC ]UN PHDLO GOHU GSLC RHLNH PDLL]] CO MNO C]L[HCF JC ]C [HTLCD UEHW CYQSH CQLLZ
PDLLQ XWJ CG XWJL CO PC GYLOJO GOHU
GN[
]UF VTHL
HKC GSKZ G[IE PLFJ GO RL]QGO GNL[Y ][DHUQ GSLC LCFH GSKZ GQDL HOLWC C
LWU CSLGO LFN GSJDG GNL[Y GSLC GSKZ PLS [CD ][DHTG GUFG LWO PE GOHFE
L UQQ RDQ[G L[DFQ PE PLCS]G ]ZHOJQD [DFG LHO] [CHDQ CDKL[D PNTHQ [DFG RLCH TH]
RN [QHO FY
CD[ LWU ][DHUQ GSLC HI PEG RLTH[LCG RQ HC RLCHLSG RQ GOWS GQDL RLD HZOLJ COH
GSKZ RHEN ]HCFHD ][DHUQ GSLC HOLWCH PLFJ GO MH] PDLL]] CO RHELU PHZQD PE D
UGC GQ ]H[EC LWU G[N G]YLOJ GYOJ PC PLSHC[G ]HKLO VCH GYLOJ RLSUO RNH
HO XHOJ] HOZG PCG RKZ JC HOH PLG ]SLFQO H[WO GY[ PDLD PLCS] ]ZHOJQ HW C]WTH]D UH ESZ
PL[THC PLQNJH RKZO GZHZI ]CYQSH [DF HD U[CL CQ JE MH]D
HZOLJ CO PLFJ GO H[DUL FU XHOJ] CO PHDLO GOHU GQDLG RLC RLHCO LDLLJD VC E
POHUO HLOU G[HTC ON G[HCNO UQQ HS]LEHTD PLSHC[D FJC XH[L] LWOH IN ZJYL [NI LWU PLQNJ
HJO L O[O [QHO FY L POHCH E MH] XHOJ] RLFD GLG NCH PHDLO GLHC[ GSLC GDLJGO H[LQJG CO
GYLOJ G]HC MQT OU CSL] CQH GOHTW G]YLOJH CLG ][DHUQ CQ
CQ PLFJ E MH] XHOJO [HTLCG PUK >RFLF FHQO]N CO@ ][DHTG GUF GSL LQOH[LD F
GOHTW G]LG PC HI GUF LWOH GSHGNO IH[N GNL[YQ G]CH CQLLZ RD FOHG CGLH ][DHUQ CYQL]
E MH] ]YOHJ GH[E RHEN GSHGNO
]HUF HZOJSH GO [JCO DH XHOJO GNL[Y H[QC LQOH[LD GO MH]D GYOJ G
CFTZ UGC RCN L[LCQH RDQ[ GO OLUO TH]U HCO PC GOHTW G]YLOJ FDULFD PCG PLSHC[G
PDL OQ COH OUD OQ CO ]LSHIS GSLC MOLCH RCNQ OUD OQ ]LSHIS PLSHC[G PLFJ GO GQDL D
PDL OQ ]LSHIS J[DH RLFD PDLG FQU
LQOH[LG LWU PLSHC[ PDLL COH GOJ PC RLFG CHGH RLF[Q HC RHQQ TSHC ]QJQ J[D [DHFQ C
CZHF J[D ]HDH]ND L[W HJFH
ODC FLQ PDLL CO LSWQ HGHTSZ PDLL COH RLFD FQU [JCO PDLLO ]HG HO G]LG CZHFH
TH] [HKW GTSNO ]HG HO G]LG COH FQU FLQ HC RLFD FQU PFHZ TSHC HO U[C PC
C[H
ULEG GTH[CN HI L[G RLFD FQUQ COC TSZ PHQ GI RLC HKZS PLSHC[ FHUH RDQ[GH
FQU PC ODC RLFD FQHU HSLC GOLJ]Q GOJ PC HL[DFOH HOQ ]ONHC GCLS COH GSQI
DLLJ GC[S TSCS NJC FLQ LWUC RLFD
GY[]SH HSLSWO CHG RHLN PDLLOQ [JCL LHYQ CO L[G ]HSHIQ HSZ] CO J[D CO PC D
[DFD HZW]TS TH]DH PLSHC[ GQN HD]N RN ]HSHIQ HSZ] CO [JCO OLE[ KUHQ RQI PHQ
HC THSNL RLF ]LDD H]UD] PCH PLSHC[ [HKWO HC THSNO HC H]HC PLWHN HSLSWO CHGNH
D]N L[ ]UFDH RLFO H]UD]N FLQ DLLJO KZS L[LCQD UH C[ LWU GSHIO DLLJ ]HSHIQ R]L
RHHNQD DNUQ HSLCN GSHHNG GC[SNH THSNL FU [HKW
J[D CO HOLWC GL]HSHIQD DLLJ [QCQ GD GU PC > TH]N COF@ FFY C[GH
HGHCLDG LQOH[LD [CHDQ RN HOQ ]ONHC PLG ]SLFQO MOG RHEN HSLSWO HSLC PCH
JCG ]]LQ [JCO HOLWC RNO PFHZQ MOG ODC RLFD FQU [JCO MOG PC CZHFH PLSHC[G
GC[S GL]HSHIQ ULZWGO LFN P DNU]Q CHG PLSLLFO GC[S PCH CDKL[ [HKW
L[LCQ H]HC PLDLLJQ
HN[
]HQDL ]NTQ PHNLTO ]HDH]H ]HOC
]HSHIQ HGHDLLJ [D]TQ CO JH[DO M[YHG TSHC HU[CH XHOJO COC PDLLO GY[]S CO E
C[
GL]HSHIQD DLLJ HSLC PGQ FJC VC J[DH PDLO PGQ FJC GY[]S HOLWC PLQDL LS HLG F
TH] LWU DLLJ RLFD FQUH [QCQ GD GU FJCG PC ODC >HSLSWO LSG L[G@
H][LF [ZLUN CZHFH CO RL[FGST G[L]GO HL[JC ]NOHG GQDLG [JC PHZQD [F PDLG GLG G
L[LCQ GSHIO DLLJ RLFD H]UD]QH HL[JC MOLO GNL[Y GSLC HO MOGH RCN [F PC ODC P
CHTZ CQ[ LHQSH
]LSHILS CLG PLFJ GODH IZ ]HDH]N LWU PLSHC[ H]QDL LFL GUQD LCNI PDLG RLC H
LD UH FS C[G ]H HO GLFL GUQ PDLGQ
OUD OQ ]HSHIQ GO RLC GOUD ]Q GTH[C CLEHTD [CHDQ
L[LCQ LWU >J[DH RLFD FQUH PLFJ GO [JCO FDOQ@ PDL OQ ]HSHIQ GO RLC RN HQN C
GL]HSHIQ GFLTWG RL]QGO GNL[Y RLLFU LWUC GO MH] GYOJ GQDL CLEHTD UQQ D
L[LCQ G]DH]N GUD] CO HOLWC RN RLFGH
L[
GO RLC GNOG HZLTGH CSLD[H CJC D[ HZOJS OUDGQ ]HSHIQ GO RLC PDLGQ RKZ PDL LSWO GOWS
GHTSZ PLQQ
IGID RLFG FYLN UUH J[ ]HFJG OL[GQ ]H L[LCQ OUDGQ ]HSHIQ GO L PLFJ E MH]D
GZT TZ OCHQ ]LD
GSLF GOLWG PCH ]HSQOC [CN G]HSQOC LQL ON OUD OQ ]LSHILS ][DHUQ GJLSG
PDQ[ LWU GQDL [CN
DQ VF
"CSGO ][]HQ L]QQ GYOJ GQDLG C GU
"PL[JCO CSLOH T[CLO ]H[]HQ RG L]QQ H[E]S HC HSQOC]S PLSG ON [C D
"H[LLE]SQ GIQ GI H[WO PLNL[Y PG RQI GQN ][HLEG H]CH [E E
"H[DJ ]ZSLQ HC H[DJ ][DHUQ CLO PLQNJ H[TC PUK GQ F
IN[
[JCO G]LQG PHLQ PLFJ GO RL]QGO GNL[Y GO MH]D PLJC GO HYOJ GQDL PLQNJ HS C
][WHQ LWUC KEG ]SL]S ICQ PLFJ GO GNL[Y KEN GYLOJG RLCH@ RL]QGO GNL[Y RLC GO
RN OU GOUD ]]LQQ PLFJ GO [JCO PDL]GO ][]HQ HI L[G GDL]NG ]UQ [DN GOUDQ CLG
>ZHO CSLGO G[TCO [WC LC
GOD LF RLCH ]QQ PLFJ GO RL]QGO GNL[Y GYLOJ COD PDLG ]Q P] HSD[ [QHC
HC PLFJ GO MH]D ]Q PC GID ZHOLJ RLC PLZTHWD [CHDQH OUDG ]]LQQ PLFJ
FFY LQ LH DEL CFTZ UGC U PDLG ]QQ PLFJ GO ]S]QQ POHUO PGL[JCO
G[HTC G]LG L[G PLWTHS GO RL]QGO ML[Y RLC HLJCO GO MH]D PDLG ]Q PC C[DTQ
LYU LWU GLOU CD CQ HJO RLC MNOG HLJCQ CLG ][DHUQ CQ ][N [HTLC ZWTD HLOU
EL PLI[C