CLG ]H[LE ]YZQ PHLDH GO LSWD CG] ML[Y FDU ]OLDK PE H
GD RLC LSWQ GO GNL[Y GSLC [[JHQ FDU ]OLDK [QHC LQ LH JQ RDQ[ CLEL
ROGO [H RDQ[U FDULFD COH GOLJ]NO GO GD PLNL[YQ LH PLZOHJ LH ]HHYQ ]ODZ
JQ
GCLD L[HTLC PDQ[ LWU
IQ VF
"GLC[ HILCH "MN OU GLC[ CLDGO ML[Y PCG LSC [E [QCH CD LQ C IW
"HLSD OUH HQYU OU RQCS PCG LQYU RLDO LSLD L][LLE]S [QC LQ D
"PLOHTW HC PG PLOOJ [QHO HLSD LSD OUH HLSD OU PFC RQCS PCG E
[HEL LNH GLC[ COO H]HC PLODZQ RLC FHUH VL[ LSHOW O HSLF ]LDD L][LLE]SH LSC [E [QCH CD LQ C
]LDD [LLE]S HSUQ PL[QHC COC [HLEG HC[ CO HOLWC HQU HLFUH CD PCH MO ZIJHQD [E M ] C
PHZQ ONQ [HEL LNH H]HC PLODZQ LSHOW O RLF
OC[L X[C JD PHQ CHG [ZQ CQ PNY[CD GLC[ CLDGO ML[Y X[CD Z[ GFHGL LD[ L[DFO
RSJHL LD[ ZTW RNH GLC[ CLDGO ML[Y OHJD RLD X[CD RLD PL[QHC PLQNJH X[CO GYHJD COH L[
GNOG
HSUFL PC CZHF ICL[ PL[WQG ON ]QNTG LWU CD[ HSL]HD[ PD RDQ[ ][ PLSHC[ HD]N C
LSC OC[L [QHO OHNL GLG HELQD RQCS HSUFL CO ODC ]H[LEG OU GLC[ ML[Y LHE GLG
UU PLZTHW GD[G ]UF RNH PG OC[L ]HFGL ][H]D HSLSWO PLCDG DH[ LSWQ RQCS GLGH@
D UGC [HK U PLZOHJ LH >HE UGC GDH] LJ]W KQZ CJ KL[GQ ]H HK DJ CD[G ]HD
RLTJHL LSLSUD T[KSHZ D GDJ[GD UU LJT[ FHLDH P PLZTHW [CH OCHQ ]LD L[LCQDH GQ[G PD
ET[ CN[ JJ LHOG KDD UUH CLTH[ LOHUD ]HFGL [H[LD ]HFHC CKLO RLKD[W QQ[EG [HQO
G[H[D ]HFU >UYH SZ OHJD@ ML[Y RLC OHJD OZLQG GFHGL LD[O CZHF CQ FFY C[G D
LDG KZS RNH HQD C[D CDHG RNH G[H[D ]HFU ML[Y PLQNJO ODC [HQCN GULQ ]HFU COC
LH C[QEG L[DFQ MN OU GQ] LN PC O[GQ KZS RNH ]HFUG DLKD HQ]T PDQ[GH VL[G ]UFD
CL PD JT[ FHLHK U PLZOHJ
OHJD RLD X[CD RLD GOLUHQ RLF ]LDD [LLE]S PLFU LSD PH]J D]N ]CDG ICL[ D]NH
RQCS MN OU PLFU HO GLG COH LQYU RLDO LSLD L][LLE]S [QCH HLSWO FJC CD GUQD G[HG GFHGL LD[ D
L[NS LSDN PSHFO HLSD ]C OHTWO RQCS HSLCH HQYU ]C OHTWO CHG
]HSQCS G[H] GS]S CO LN TH] HLSD ]C VC OHTWO RQCS HSLC PLSD LSD HO L PC Z[ CSLD[ L[DFO
[D RQJS D[ L[DFOH HLSD ]C OHTWO RQCS PLSD LSD HO RLC ODC HLSD LSD COH HLSD LWON COC PFCO
HL[DFN GNOG HZLTGH ]HFU [D HSLCH CHG L[NS HL[DFO L[G RQCS HSLC RWHC OND ZJYL
OC[L ]DD [TCGO HQYU LWON COC ]HSQCS HO RLC GOTW CO RGN ]C OU CD PC C
PLZTHW [CH C[H TH] PL[JC LWON COH C[HTLCF CNL]J GLWS CLH PHQ FNH
]ZIJ PGO RLC LSWQ@ O[GQ KZS RNH PLOHTW RNQ [JCO HO HFOHL PLSDG D]N L[LCQDH
>[]G LFLO CD RLC DH C[HTLCF GNL]J N HQYU GUQ MNOG HLJNQ LQ RLC PEH ]H[N
HQ[
]HQDL ]NTQ PHNLTO ]HDH]H ]HOC
PHQ HLSD OHTWO RQCS HSLC LCFH OC[L HGL[GH ]H[LEO OHDKL [JCO VC FL[G D]N D
OHTWO RLSUO D]N LQ LH ]HFU RLFN ]H[ND HWHTH H]OLJ] CGL ML[Y [LNL RLSUO
OLHUH GF CHQ LL ]LD U RQCS [WC GSHGNO H]D
RLDO HSLSLD HS[LLE]S PGLS PL[QHCH H]C PU CDN PE PLSHC[ GQN L[DFQ [CHDQ E
HSD [QHO [LNL RLFQ RQCS CGL OC[LN H]HC PLZLIJQ HSC RHLN PL[QHC RLCH@ OHTW PSD RLC HSQYU
>MNO PUKG CZU[ LHFJD U ]L[NS RD CHG
HS[LNL [ L N L GCHSG RD [NDG ]C LN H[HND CHG HSD OU [QHO RQCS PFC PN GFHGL LD[O E
OHTWO RQCS HSLC PL[QHC PLQNJH GYHOJ RD HC CHG GH[E RD GI LSD [QHO RQCS MN PL[JCO
ODC PLSD HO RLC ON COC QQ RKZ CO RSJHL LD[ [WH RKZ HSDD COC RQCS HSLC GFHGL LD[O VCH
QHJ [H TH] PL[N HSD LSDH OHTW CGL HSD C[DT RLC LN HLSD LDEO CO VC RQCS HSLC PLSD HO L
DKU[
RDQ[ HQC ]C OTHW RN LFL OU PC HSD ]C OHTWO RQCS RLC GFHGL LD[O RN HQN C
RNH IKHK GCLD L[HTLC PDQ[G ZTW RNH GFHGL LD[N HS]LEHT LW OU ZTW ]H]OCG OUD D
LH KNF UGC UHD ZTWS RNH JNZ CD[H INZ DD RDQ[ FL[H VL[U FHUH TH]G HQLNTG
][NG COD CO ODC [HND ][NG LFL OU PL[JC OTHWN COC GFHGL LD[N GNOG RLC PL[QHC
HLSDQ FJC OU [QHC GI RHEND COC [QC CO GFHGL [ VC ][OH DIS ]HL[U CGN GOLQ EGD LWU [HND
[IQQ OHFEG COLQQH CHG [HND
INZ DDD GDJ[GD RLSUG KH[LW UU
"H]HC PLODZQ FYLN GIG RQID [LLE]GO CD [E C JW
"CLEHTD PL[NIHQG [EG ]OLDK LSLF [C PGQ D
"[E ]OLQD RLYLYG RLF GQ "GOLQG ]C PLDNUQG RLYLY PGQ E
IQ[
PLLHHF GIG RQID OC[L UFHL G]C LC [LLE]GO ]CD ]LC[ GQ HO PL[QHC GIG RQID [LLE]GO CD [E C
V]]GO LHC[ LSLC LCFN LSLCH LSC UFHL [QHC PC "PGLOU PLCD RL[HTLH RLW[HKQH PLWHJT PLWHJF
]HHYQ ]YZQH ]HOZ ]HHYQ ]YZQ H]HC PLULFHQH FLQ H]HC PLODZQ MNO GNICH R]L LQ P][YD
GCWH GJN KZO RHHU H]HC PLULFHQH >]JWTN OC[LO PL[E PLZ H[WL [HW PC@ ]H[HQJ
RN [LLE]GOQ HD [HIJL CQ HOC ]HHYQ HO PL[QHC MN ON RHQQG OU PLFLWZQ PGH OLCHG@ LSU [UQH
RLCH HNH CHDO FL]UO R[N R]Q H]HC PLULFHQ RNH HNH ]HHYQ O RSU H]HC PLULFHQH >[ZLUO L[ KZS
G]C ]NOO CLG ]YQC]Q LN C[]H HLOU PLZFZFQ RLCH H[WL LFN HLOU PLLCO PL[DF HLOU PLD[Q
PLOLDKQ H]OLQQ CW[]S GHYQG ]C PLGQ RLC FLQ H]HC PLOQ ODLZ GLOC [DFO OFJ]H
FLQ H]HC
RLIL[I PHQH NZ ZFY JQY FO CJ DZUL ]HD LWU PHLG H]HCD PLSH[JC H[LW FLQ C
P DZUL ]HD U [WC GQN PHLG H]HCD VC I[FIGO L ]HHYQO PLQLFZQ
OOED CQ HL[JC RLZFHD [LLE]GO ][HLEG HC [EG CDLN CFL FLEL DHTLC PDQ[G RHO D
PGO CYQS CO PC ]FO TSNGO CD FJWG LSWQ HC GO GNIL G[[ OLDD HC OHKL RHQQ
HH[WL LFN ]HY[CG LQU OU G]LLUD L J[HKH G[H]G OHU FDHN R]HC RLULFHQ GOLU
RLULFHQH GIG [DFD RLNL[CQH PHNU [HTLCH PG FHJLL CHG ]FG L[ZLU H]HC RLULFHQH
]UF VTHL
RLCH HLOU RLD[Q RLCH GI [DFD RLNL[CQ RLCH ]H[HQJ ]HYQ ]YZQH ]HOZ ]HYQ ]YZQ H]HC
RLNHQ RLC GOJ]D GU[ M[FO GDHK M[FQ H]HKGOH HF[KO PH[EL CQ HLOU RLZFZFQ
]H]HDUD NJCH PNQC PFC LODJD [QHC CHG RNH PLN[H RHY[ L[DFD COC PFCG ]C
RLULFHQH ]HYQ O R[N H]HC RLULFHQ MN ]HYQ O RSHU H]HC RLULFHQ PNH GDGC
GQNJG OUD COC [HQE ZLFY PH RLCH CDG POHUG LLJO GNIL HOC ]HYQ ]LLUD H]HC
LFN GIG [DFD RLNL[CQH RLFQHU OC[L RGH RLON PHNUG ON RUFHLH HOC ]HYQ GHU
RLOQ COC H]HC RLGQ RLC ODLZ PCH HN[FO MOHG ODZO GY[ COH HD [IJ PC RDDJO
FLQ H]HC
C[ZS CHG [QHQ OC[L OC[L ]D FLZH HD [IJ PC VC@ HL[DF ONO OC[LN CHG L[G GOUH ODK
>RLHFLZ HLHFLZH
]H[HQJH ]HOZ ]HHYQ HGHULFHG CO PC HT[ FHL VTHL ]LDD CDHQH VTHLLZHQSGH CDKL[G HD]N
]HHYQG HLOU ODZ CO [DHFQ RLC PSQCH P [HKG OU ]HGEG LHFJ UH ]H[LEG DNUQ RLC
PHON HGHULFHG CO HOLWCH OC[L LSLF UFHL HSLC Z[ PLDLLJ OC[L GQ ON ODZ COC
]H[EC LWU DL P MH[U RJODH PDQ[D UQQ RNH ]H[LE H]H[LE GSHQC L[ZLUQ CO VC
RHLN D]NH OKN FHL GQO ]FQJ ]HD RN D]N [DNH U HZ Y EJH FNZ DJH KSZ CJ FHL GQ
JT[ JDH CL ]HDH]N ZQKLH CDKL[UH ]HHYQ ]ODZ COLQQ HI L[G OC[L ]FO TSNGOH [E ]HLGO ODK
FS COQG ZLFYG ]ZFY [WTD UH [E GI L[G R]ODZH ]HHYQG ]UFHG COD VC GC[S PDQ[G ]UFD
RNH@ HQ GJ [DF DLQ
FDULFD DNUQ HSLC D]N LQ L ROHN ]HHYQG ON ODLZ CO PCH
PHQ PL[LLEQ HSC TH]G NQWO GIG RQID [QHO ZW]TSH >PG[DC [DFDH ZJYL ]LD ]HD HZW]TS
PLZTHW GQNH ]H[LE GSLCH PLSHC[G ]HJLO RCN RLC GOLJ]NO PLODZQ RLC GI RWHCD CQ HGLL]HJLO
POHCH IN CJ UGCH JZ IZ EJH FNZ DJH TZ CJ FHL GQ ]H[ECD U [E HSLC FDULFD VC HD]N
EJ [IULJCD POHCH ZJYL ]LD ]HD [DFD ZW]TS RNH FDULFD OLUHQ FFLY CHZ EJ FHL [JC PHZQD
[E LHG PL[WHT L[DFQ ZHFZF HLOU ODZQ HSLCN CQ RF COC ]DNUQ ]HHYQG ON ]ODZ C[DTQ D]N HN
[HDUO H]UFD COC ]HHYQG ON ODZQ LQ ODC ODZO CO GS]QN CZHF GI D]N FHUH C]L[HCFQ
]JNHQ CSFQHC RWHCD G[H] L[HTLC OU NJC [HDUL [H[D NCC ]HHYQ ]ODZD RH[TJ GI RLC RHDCL]O
PHON GSLC G]U H]ODZ
[ED XYHJ GOLDKD XYHJG [DF ONH GFSG ]OLDKDN [EG ]OLDKD GHZQG [NG D
]HHYQ ]YZQH ]HOZ ]HHYQ ]YZQ H]HC PLULFHQH HLDE OU PLFQHU PLQNJ LFLQO] GO GOLDKG ]UD
]HHYQ OHU HLOU ODZO ML[Y GHYQ ]OLDK ]UD RNO ]H[LEG OONO TSNS CHG GOLDKG ]UD ]H[HQJ
L[
XHJDQ GO PLFQHU PLQNJGLFLQO] PLSHC[ GOH G[CHY FU PLQD G]HC ]HDLHQ PLS GC
PLCYHLH PGLSW PL[LIJQH PGLSWD ]ODHK NJCH ]H[HQJ ]HHYQ ]YZQH ]HOZ ]HHYQ ]YZQ G]HC PLULFHQH
FLH DHTLC PDQ[ PLQG RQ GOU]N GHC[L CO LFN
DH[ G[KUG DH[ ]C PLTNQ PCH GNOGN GU[WS CO GOLQG RQ H[LL]S [D ]HNL]J PG RLYLYG E
HGL[G GQH[] ]OLNC RLSUO RNH ]LSD H]HC HOHQL FU ODHK HSLCH GOLQG ]C PLDNUQ D[ GGDHE
RLYLY P]HC H[THG CO FHU ON O[UN
JQ[
]HQDL ]NTQ PHNLTO ]HDH]H ]HOC
OND RLFG CHG [WC ]LS HOHQO ML[Y RLC GOLQG ]C PLDNUQ RLC RLYLYD UQQ
GOLQG [JC HOLDKGO L PHQ [ED CZHF CQ HC [HKGH PDQ[G [DFD HZOJS [DNH GOLQ
OU G[IJGG PUK PHQ HC DS DJ [DF DLQ IQ DJ LHOG ]LD LWU GHYQG PLGQ RLCH FLQ
GHYQ [NG COC GHYQ GSLC GOLQG [EDH GHYQ [HFLGH LHS PHQ CHG PLDNUQ RLC RLYLY
[LLE]SH ODK [JCO [WC >PFHZG PUKG LWO RNH@ GI PUK LWOH OC[L H]HUO LFN
P LHOG ]LDDH EGN DJ PG[DC [DF LWU ML[CGO LH PLDNUQG RLYLY [LTGOH [HIJO GHYQ
PHLD HD COC PLDNUQG RLYLY OU [HIJO HDLLJ CO LN [HIJO ML[Y RLC RNQ [JCO VC KZS
PHL H]HCD HSLC LCFH L[G CW[]L FU GOLDKD RL]QGO ML[Y [EDH
JQ IQ PLWF
"[EN ]HHYQ OHU HQYU OU ODZO ML[Y FDUG PCG C KW
"FLQ ][]HQ CG] GQJOQD [CH] ]WL ]C ]H[WC GSL PCG D
GOLDKG OU ]WTHS HI GOLDKH [HQE OC[L ]HLGO H[H[J PFHZ [EN OHDKO ML[Y [[J]QN FDUG C
PC ]HHYQ OHU ]ODZ GNL[Y FDUG ]OLDK PCG C[QED HSFH PLSHC[ LWU ]HFDUO TSNSN GSHC[G
OC[L HGL[GH OHDKO FDUG ]C GWHN COC HCO
RLC PLQNJO HOLWC C]LL[DG LW OU ZLTG CWW D[H PLCS] ]ZHOJQD HI GOC ]HO]O GY[ ] D[
RLC C[D RHUQ LD[ L[DFO FHUH C[ FLQ HCLYHGO CDH PHNUG RQ FDU JZHOG PSQC GODZ ML[Y
[CH] ]WLN HSLFH ]HHYQD OE[HG CO L[G ODZO ML[Y PLQNJOH ODZO ML[Y
L[LCQ RHC[ HD[ OYC ]HHYQ OHU HLOU HLODZ CO RWHCD OC[LQ FDU JZHOO RLFG CHG C
NLWUCH@ H]UFQ ]HHYQ ]ODZ GNL[Y GSLC ]HFDUO FDUG TSNSN GSHC[ GOLDK L[WO D
ROGOFN HQU OEOEQ COC ]HHYQG HLOU ODZO GYH[ HSLCN HJ[N OUD HOHQOH HOLDKGO RLC
HLOU ODZO GYH[ HSLCH [JCQ []GH [HTLCD HD[ ]C OLNGO CHDL CO LFN CLG PLQNJ ]SZ]
>CDKL[H C[H TH]U P[QO GYH[ HSLC [JCQ ]HHYQD HDLLJO DHK RLC FHUH ]HHYQ OHU
[ZLUO O[GQ KZS RNH CDKL[G KZS RNH
ICL[GH FL[GH PDQ[G NNH O[N COF PLSHC[G ]SDGN OCSSJ HSD[ VL[G ]UF POHCH
]HFDU PO ODHKN ]HHYQ ]ODZ ML[Y PHNUG RQ JZOSG FDUG MH[U RJOD ZTW RNH
H]HC PLWHN COC >CWW D[ ZLTG GQ LWO@ GODZ ML[Y RLC H[[JQN RN LSWQH PLQNJN
[H RDQ[ LWU ODHKH
KQ[
G[WD PL[HQCG PL[DFG P]HC ONH [CH] ]WL ]CD PLQL J[L ]LLG DH]NG ML[YG GI PLQNJ HS D
FLQ GD []HQH GOLDKQ GLOU GODZ ODC ]HHYQ OHU GLOU GODZ CON CZHF PLSHC[
[H[J PO GOLDKQH [IHJH GJ[N OUD ]HJW PO GOLDKGO ]H[WC L [IUOC RD RHUQ LD[ L[DFO
ODZO GNL[Y PL[DHT PG LN GLWND RN ]HUO ]H[WC RLC PLQNJO ODC@ FLQ GD []HQH G[[JQH
>[H[JG ]OLDK ]UD ]HHYQ OHU GLOU
]FHDUD [HWN] FU HO ][]HQ GSLC RWHC OND CDLZU LD[O [IULOC LD[ GF]D RDL[ H[LWO C
PLDNHN
G]Y[ COH HLOU GSE]] HC GSCLH ]FG GLOU ODZ] LFN G[WD [HQCG ONN GO GU D
GCHS HSLCH GJOQH ]HHYQ UD GLOU ]ODZQH FJ [U PLS ON GQU OWKLQ [LLE]GO
L[LCQ [LLE]GO G]Y[ CO [JC