LD[ PLCS] GID HZOJS GD[ L[DFO GOHN GSG MQO COH PLQEG ]HQLO HC GQJG ]HQLO LHUG ]LD E
DLLJ ONG L[DFO UQQ C[QEG ]SZTQOH PLDLLJQ PLQNJH [KHW GFHGL
CL VF
"GIHIQD PLDLLJ ROGOF ]HQHZQG PCG IK
]HSLFQH ]H[LLU ]H[YJ L[U C
]H[YHCG ]LDH PLYUG ]LD [ZDG ]LD RD]G ]LD D
GOLDKG ]LDH XJ[QG ]LD LZT[HDG ]LD CTNG ]LD E
]TW[QH G[FTNC [U ]LD F
G[HZQ HSLC [U G
GWLNN LHUG [U PLJWK G[U GHDE HSLC [U H
]TSNG ]LD I
PLW]HG ]LD GCG ]LD J
PHZQO GHYQ ]DHJ PGD L ]H[LLU L[U FJCH ]HSLFQ L[U FJCH ]H[YJ L[U FJCH PL]D L[U FJC C
ML[UDH P]D]NH [QCS PHQ
R[G RHOD PE UH [G FFLY RNH CDKL[ RSD[FQ COC PLDLLJ PSLC HOOG PL[U PL[QHC L
CDKL[G D]N RN C]L[HCFQ PLDLLJ L[ ]UFO GC[S POHCH CNLCH GF J GNHT
P]LU PLWN MOQG [QCL CO GSNT PHQ GIHIQ PGD HUDZ CO CIHJQ [LUG L[U C[QED [CHDQ
L[LU L[UD
[HCD UH MN OU GQ] CZU[H HCO PC OC[LQ [LUG LSC DH[ PC ZHOLJ L UQQ L[Q
IL OC[ LHFJDH JQ [HC [WTD [DFG
]H[JC ]HTLSN P L@ [U PO COH HLOUQ RLSDG ZIJO FUHS GWLN LHUG [U [CHDQ FHUH
DLLJ HLOUQ ]LDO GTLSN QQ CHG PC COC GIHIQQ [HKW >FL[H] P M[F PLCDH PLCYHL [LUO
]H[LLU L[U PHQ CO ODC GIHIQD
CSGN D[ L[DFO PLOHES[] LOHOH >RQ HC RLL@ ]H[YHCG ]LD PLYUG ]LD ]W[ HC [ZDG ]LD RD]G ]LD D
]HKZ]Q PLSG PCH ]LDN G[LFO PLFJHLQ PSLC LSWQ PL[HKW HC GIHIQD PLDLLJ PCG PLCS] HZOJS
HDLGH PLCS] ]ZHOJQ PGD ]HKZ]Q PLS PCH PL[HKW P]TD [DHT GFHGL D[H PLDLLJ PGD
C]LL[DGQ GFHGL D[ L[DF OU
HZTW FY GDH]D OL[GQH QU DJ OHNCGH GIHIQ ]HNOG VHT C[GH VL[G OCSSJ HSD[
DZT IN] QHJ UQT UUH UHG P]T RNH DLLJQG CS]NH CSGN D[N
]LOK GF FQ ]HJSQ TH]D PE UH [HKWO HZTW CDKL[GH FL[GH II GIHIQ PDQ[G HOLCH
[HKW PLQH[U HD PLFQHU PHZQ GIHIQQ PL[HKW P ]HYJH[ PLSG PC ONG L[DFO
]LDH GOLDKG ]LD CQGHI HD RLC LWUC FLJL O HC PLD[ O XJ[QG ]LD LZT[HDG ]LD CTNG ]LD E
GIHIQ P ]HLGO PLQ FHDN RLCH ]LDN FHDNO PLLHU PSLC GIHIQQ PL[HKW HD ]HYJH[ PLSG
DHJ ]LD RSLUD GIHIQ LDEH CUT L L[UH L[
HT[
CQHL ]NTQ PHNLTO ]HDH]H ]HOC
H[HQ PD CDKL[ GIHIQQ PL[HKW POHUQ PGD HQ]S CO PLFJ HOLWC C
PEG@ OHFEG ]LDO GTLSNG RLQLO CO VC GIHIQ PLUDHZ RLC OHFE ]LDO JH]WG CTNG ]LD D
[WC CTNG ]LD PLSWO ]TSNS ]OFG RQID RN ONH G]HTNO [WC GLG ]HLZS PHQ
KUHQQ COC G[LF HQLN DJS CTNG ]LD HQL LSWQ >XHJDQ GIHIQG UHDZO GLG
LHC[ LN F OU F HD RLC LWUC@ GDHJ H][LF RHLNH FHDNO LHU HSLC PUKQ
ITZ GJ LHOG KD UH DKTZ CHIJ LWU RHYLJG ]LDO COH HLOC J]WG TJL]Q >HLQ]O
LH GN[ RKZ XD] GIHIQQ [HKW P PLSL GCH LC GLOU HC [FJ PL[QHC L E
GIHIQGH G[HET ]OFG P PLDNHN PCH DHW[ CQ[DH LDD CDHQ OL[GQ ]DH] PLDLLJQ
HD L [FJD RNH GIHIQ P UHDZO HEGS G]UH P CQ[ ONG L[DFO DLLJ GC[S XHJDQ
KZT MH G VLUT UH LWU GIHIQG PLTNQH P PLLHYQ ]HZHSL]G RHEN VHSLK
LON HSLC PGQ FJCN PLON HC PLLHTLN LSD GTHNQ GIHIQG PC COC H]KLQ QO [HTCH
RLHN]S GOLJ]D RHLN []HQ GO ZL][SD GJLSGH [LLSD GN[N PCH PLSH[JC GO FJHLQG
UUH JWHT JHC ]HEGSGH PLSLF [HTCO CDHQ CHIJG PDH IZT Q DSQD CDHQ PFC ]QNJ MNO
HNGN ]HN[DD
G[LFO PLFJHLQ PSLC LSWQ PL]DG ]HLOU LSWO ]TW[QH G[FTNC [U ]LD [HKWO HSLS C]LL[DD F
]LDN
RSD[FQH PL[HKW C]L[HCFQ TH]G HY[L]H PLDLLJ ]TW[QH [U ]LD H[QC [JC PHZQD C
L[ L[DF PLC[S RNH [ZLUO GNHTD R[G KZS RNH PLDLLJ
GNHTD GI[G X[L] RNH ]TW[QH G[FTNC O [U ]LDD COC RCN H[KW CO HY[L] FHUH
PLSHC[ GQNH CTZ]] ]HSKZ ]HNOG LNF[QD GNH [HKW RN PE [YJ O [U ]LD VLTHGH J
GI XH[L] OU HZG
PLJH]W P]HC RLDH PLDLLJ R[H RDQ[ [YJO HC ]LDO PLJH]WG HOC RLD ZOJQ VL[GH
PDQ[G ]UF RNH PL[HKW GQHFNH GSLEO
UQQH PL[QHC L N TH]G ]UF ]CH P]TD PDQ[GH VL[G ]UF CLDG MH[URJOG
GIHIQ UHDZO TH]G ]UFO HJO PL[LQJQ COC [ZLUO VL[G ]UF HW]O L GNOGO
CLG PLSHC[G ]QNTG D]N JDG HOLCH GJTZ FHL LCRHIJG D]N RNH [U ]LD OND
PLJH]WD COC RSD[FQ DHLJ RLC UQQ TH]G XH[L] ]C CLDG R[D POHCH@ TH]G ]KLN
UHG ]QL]TNH PL[KHWG ]UFO HJO L GN[D RLSUOH >UHHKGH C[GN COF ]LDO
SZ EJH HSZ DJ LHOG KD LWU ]LDO PLJH]WG ]TW[QH [U ]LDD Z[ M[DO
U GIHIQD DLLJ ]HQC F OU ]HQC F HD RLC HOLWC ]LDO JH]WG [U ]LD PL[QHC L
E GNHT [ KZT HW[ FHL GDH] LJ]W
]HLHYQG R]HCN@ G[HZQ GSLC CLGH FDOD ]LDO COC PLD[G ]H[O J]W GO RLC ]TW[Q D
UHDZO L GC[S OL[GQ LWU FZT KW[ IKG ]UFO >]LDG L[FJQ FJCQ ]HCYHLG PHLN
RLQLD UHDZO PL[DHTH PLZOHJ LCRHIJG RNH [LCQ]LDG POHCH ]TW[QO GTLSNG RLQLD
PE UH CWZ CJ FHL GQ ]H[EC IKGN [ZLUO HKZS PLSH[JC PLZTHWQ L ]LDO GTLSNG
GTLSNG RLQLD UHDZO GNOGO PL[HQG LH GN[D COO UHDZO KZS CHG COC FL FHL RHLYO [HC ]HD
SZ EJ LHOG KD U ]LDO
IT[
]UF VTHL
RLQLO PLUDHZ VTHS J]W RLCN GSHC[G GUFG LWO@ GYHJG VTHS J]W ]TW[QO L PCH
LH QEC ]LDO GTLSND UHDZO CLH IK [LY [NG [JC MOLO PL[QHC L >]TW[QO GTLSNG
RHLYO [HC ZWTG LSWQ OCQD ]JC RLQLD ]JC ]HIHIQ L] UHDZO G[HG LQ
>OSG TH]G ]KL LWO@ ]LDO GJH]W GSLC HOLWC RSD[FQ DLLJO IKG ]UF G[FTNC RLSUO E
OGD VL[G L[DFN ]DLLJ ]LDO GJH]WD ODC TZ GJH SZ EJ LHOG KD U [DFD ZWZW LQ LH
IH GIHIQ QTNH PDQ[ GIHIQ
GLHU HC D[ LDF C[FTNC MNTO ]HULEQ RSLC HOLWCH@ ]HSWF UD[C GO L CZHFH
GOUQO Z[ GCHOQD GJH]W CLG ]LULD[G RWHFD PC ODC > C]LLQH[ C[FTNC ]HSHOJ ]HSHOJ
COC PSLCH ]HLG PLQLYW GO L HOLWCH G[HKW G[Z]G ]C ZLIJGO LFN KUQ RWHF L
EO ]HJSQ LWU J]W PO COH G[Z]G ZHILJO
J GNHTH FOEO ]HJSQD PLWTHS PLK[W U
GIHIQD DLLJ HSLC G[HZQ HSLC [U G
J]WG LDHU OU RLC H[W LH VHZQH LH[LZ HD RLCH GOUQO XH[W CHG [WQ L[
GUQO GLC[ ML[Y GI H[LWH J]W DHJ GI RLC LH[LZ PH HLOUQ GDHED GOUQO
CDKL[
[HKW HC GIHIQD DLLJ G[HZQ HSLC ]LD PCG EO ]HJSQ TH]H L[U GNOGO PLSHC[G HZOJSH
FHL UHKD GNH G[LFO LHC[ HSLC [HKWO CL GIHIQ OG C[GH GH GIHIQ PDQ[G ZTWH
FLHW[
]QC ]W UH PLZTHW LWU G[U GHDE ]LDGN PE GIHIQQ [HKW PLJWK G[U GHDE HSLC [U H
GDHE PLJWK G[U HD L PC FT[ JHC [IS LSDC [U ]LHID HGYZD FFJ]Q HC GWLNN LHUG [U
PLJWK F DJH[ P RLC RLSUD UZ[ZGQ KL MH]D OEU]Q RHEN HCO PCH DLLJ GUD[C DJH[D
ZHZJO [WC PEH UZ[ZGQ PLJWK E GDHED PLJWK F DJH[ HD L PC DLLJQ [LCQ LD[H PL[KHW PLQNJ
PLOGO PLZZHJ HGHQLOGH J]WG ]C HZZJ HOLCN H]HC PLCH[ L GDHED F DJH[O HQLOGO HD
RNH GIHIQQ [HKW PLJWK GUD[C DJ[ HSLC J]W CDKL[D UQQ RNH L[O CLEHTG H[LW CHG RN C
]OJ]G PHZQ CHG UDHZG COC PLJWK F ML[Y RLC PL[QHC LH IW[ FHL [HK LNF[QG ZTW
GWHZI GIHIQG PCH CQOU LOHNO [HKW UZ[ZO PLJWK GOQ ]HJWD CHG PC GWLNG [HQLZ
Q[ G[UO GO RLD OLJ]Q [HQLZG PCH UHNO DLLJ [HQLZG OLJ]Q NJCH G[U
FHUH PDQ[ LWU GUD[C DJH[ P L HOLWC PL[KHW PLQNJH ZHZJO PHZQ LN DLLJQ
]LD LWU F DJH[ P L ON GKQOQ [HQLZG OLJ]Q HOLWC DLLJ PL[QHC L L[WOH
L[ ]UFD VC [HKWO HKZS UQQ RCN CDKL[DH CL RLDH[LUD R[D POHCH IW[ FHL IKH VTHL
FU J]WG GDHE ]C ]HC[O DZT IW[ IKG ZTW GWLN PU J]WD GIHIQG ]ULDZ PHZQ RLSUOH
HSLC [HQLZG ON [DHTG PDQ[G VCH@ PLJWK GUD[C DJH[ HD L GWLND GHDEG PHZQG
L FFY DGZ FJ JHC GQ ]H[EC ]HDH >GIO GFHL VHZQ DJS COC ]HIHIQG OOND
GIQ GOUQO COH RHLOUG LO ]OLJ]D CZHF GIHIQG UHDZO GI RWHCD FLWZGO
PLOGO PLZZHJ RLC PLQNJN DIW[ UHGH ]HLSHQLLQ ]HGEGDH FH GIHIQ PDQ[G KZS GNOGO D
RN CSLD[O EO RLDH[LU UH FY OL[GQ ]H G DJ IHC U PLOGO PLZZHJ Q[N PLZTHW LH
LD[ ]UF CLG
JT[
CQHL ]NTQ PHNLTO ]HDH]H ]HOC
]H LWU
GWLNO OUQQ G[L G[Z] P L PC COC GIHIQD ]DLLJ GWLN RLC PL[QHC L E
VL[G L[ L[DF LW OU GNOGO KZS RNH ISZ LTH SZ LTHT DJ LHOG KDD CDHQ ITZ JHC ZL P[GQ
LT PL[HCDH PLHFJ [WTD ML[CG RNH G[L G[Z] P RLCN GIHIQG OU M[DO CO C[QHJO WNU CDKL[GH
HOLCN VHZQN GSHLOUG GDNG PLCH[ HSC OUHWD G[L G[Z] RLCN PE [QHO PHZQ L HCNOH@ IL FL ZT D
PLCH[ J]W [HUL LN MNOG PLOGO CO MC PLZZHJ PLFHQ PLQNJ PE OL [HLD [HQLZG PHZQ HSZZJ
FFY RCNH@ GH VT GOUQO CGL RLDH[LUD CDKL[G ML[YG GQH P]ZHOJQ ZLJ[GO RLC XH[WN PH]TG ]C
MNLWO [HQLZD GKLOD RLC GWLN P]TDH G[Z]D LF RLCH KOHD VHZQ ML[Y H]KL LWO Z[ HGI OL >[DFD
>GOUQO VHZQ ML[YG
UH UHH PDQ[G RHO LWU EUZ FHL CHIJ U [L VHZQ ML[Y RLC PL[DHTH PLZOHJ LH
ELCY[ FT[ LT [IS LSDCD PDQ[G ]UFD NNH HCU JHCD
LWU [L VHZQ ML[Y RLC ONG L[DFO G[U GDHED ]H[L PLOE[ L PC PL[QHC LH
HCU CHIJH JZ QHJH FT[ JHC [IS LSDC
PLQNJH DLLJQ [LCQ LD[ G[LF ]LD HD RLCH GIHIQD DLLJ ]TSNG RIJO G[LF ]LD HD L ]TSNG ]LD I
PL[KHW
J]W GLG PC POHCH EGSQG RN D]N CDKL[GH EHW[ FHL HH GIHIQ PDQ[ LWU PLQNJN GNOG C
LWU CLH GIHIQ PDQ[ TH] LWU GIHIQD DLLJ HD CHDOH ]CYO OLE[H ]TSNG ]LDO H]LD RLD
EO ]HJSQ
LHW[ FHL GN[D CODH ]H[FQ L]DH ]HLTSN ]LDD GIHIQ UHDZO CHG JHH[G EGSQG G]UH
PL[GYG ]SL HD RL GLGN [QHCH H[FQ ]LD J]WO GIHIQ Z[HDSKH[Q Q[G GU RNH
PLUDHZ PSLC ]HQHZQ LH HW[ FHL [HKD CDHQ GIHIQ HD RZ] PFHZ H]]UDQ GU[ JH[ GLG
]TSN L]DD GIHIQ
HSLC RHLN [QHO L HD PLSLH PLONHC ]TSNG ]LDD PLJ[HC PLQUWO L LW OU VC D
C[ VL[ PDQ[ PLZTHWG HD]N POHCH U CDKL[G FFY RN G[LF ]LD GI RLC UHDZ LQ]
L S H [ Z U ZHOLJ RLC ODC@ DLLJH PLJ[HCG O PL[HLF HD L CQ]TQ PL[WN O ]TSNG ]LD [HKH
DLQ ]HD UUH HN GOLEQD TH]G HD]N HQNH HS]LEHT ]SZTQ RN PL[WN OO PLN[N O ]TSNG ]LD RLD
LFN [HQE FZG SNGLD ]C PLFZQ RLC PL[WND VL[G LWU GIHIQ OG VHT LHQS UH GQ LTHT CJ [DF
>PLLK[WG PL]DD PTLSNGO ]EQ PFL RLC PLJ[HCG P OLNCGOH DLNGO PL[]HQ HLGL
L[G PLW]H HC GC KUQO RLC M]LD [QCS LW OU VC GIHIQD PLDLLJ PLW]HG ]LDH GCG ]LD J
DLLJ PLLJD XWJG ON UQQ PNLQL HD[L RUQO [QCS
HSLC LWO GIHIQQ PLW]HG ]LD [KHWG CS] L DL C[H]H PLSL TH]D FJC H[LWO C
HO FJHLQ
PNTHQ [DFG RLCH CHW[ FHL CQ[U [HKWO PLZTHW HD]N L[NSH OC[L HD PLW]H ]LD D
H GIHIQ L[IU LDC EN] MHSLJ ]JSQ RCN HLHFJDH HT CZU[ ]HD U
[CH ]HKLQG PHQH@ PLOHJO GUHDZ G[LF GSLCH [JCQ GIHIQD HDHLJD RHFO L PLOHJ ]LD E
L RN OU >[YHCG ]LDN GI RLC PSHTJLCO FUHLQ ]LDG RLCH OLCHG P PLUHDZG PLYWJG
J GNOG [DF KLW CJ GQO ]HNLOG LWU GN[D LOD ]HIHIQG UHDZO FFYO
KT[
]UF VTHL
"]ZFDS GIHIQG RQI GQN ON IL
OU JL[KGO RLC L[ ODHLD PLQUW PLD[ OH PLS UDD UHDD PLQUW ]ZFDS FLJL ]IHIQ
LD[ [LF] HZFDL PC GSNT J PHQ C[H]H LH] L[DJ HUL [QCL FJC ON IC GD[G PLD[G
L[G IHI VOC HSQQ OKSH FJC [HFTZ HCYQH L[HWY O RHLOUG ZHD ZFHD GLG FJCD GUQ CLDG GFHGL
GSNTG LSWQ HJO L
CY[ FHL VTHL ]LD LWU FLJLG ]IHIQN HSLF PL[LLF GQNO V]HQ RLSD O J]W C
G]OTWH ]HJO GLOC G[FJ [WC LN G]S MH]D VC GZFDO ML[Y GIHIQG OUQ HUDY PC D
EWZ CJ FHL GQ ]H[EC LWU GULDYG PFHZ ]HIHIQG ]C [LTGO GOLJ]NOQ PLDLHJQH
PLFLWZQ RLC O]HND ]UEHS GSLCH ]LNHNI LOND O]HNG MH]D GIHIQG PLUDHZ ]HQHZQD E
FWT GOW] GQO ]HNLOG PLS UDD PLLQUW ZHFDO
CL PLJTWD [CD]S PLZHILS PSLC GHYQ LJHO
DL CL PLWF
"PLUESD PLCQKQ ROGOF PL]DG PCG JL
PLW]HG ]LDH GCG ]LD C
]TSNG ]LD D
FZG O PL]D PLOH[L L]D E
PHZQ ONQ PN]IJC X[C ]LDD PLUESD PLCQKQ PLW]HG ]LDH GCG ]LD C
FJC ONH ]HDC L]DOH PLKDO GHZOJH OC[L X[C HDN FU PLUESD PLCQKQ PL]DG RLC H[QC FHU
HZOJ ]C [LNQ
CQKQ HSLC PLW]HG ]LD [DHT C]LL[DF CS] C[H]H PLSL TH]D FJC H[LW LWO
ZOJO L COC [DFD ]ZHOJQ RLC [JC H[LW LWOH HO FJHLQG ]LD ]LDG HO [C PLUESD
PZOJ [[DHG CO POHUQ PL[HL RLDH PLOLE[ PLW]H RLD
]LD CHG WUCH@ CQKQ [LCQ LD[O HCO PCH CQKQ ]TSNG RIJO G[LF ]LD HD L PC ]TSNG ]LD D
FJHLQG ]LD ]LDG HO [C CDH CQKQ HSLC PLQNJOH >HN GOLEQ TH]U H[NQO [LUG LSDO CC ]TSNG
PL[WN OO PLN[N O ]TSNG ]LD RLD ZHOLJ RLC CSZTQG LWO HO
X[C OOND GSLCH PLKDO GZOJ]S CO PLOH[L [DT PLUESD GCQKQ PLOH[L RLC CQZ CS]O E
PHZQ ODC PLKDO POH[L GZOJ]S [DT FZQG PHZQD FDOQ GCQKQ [DHT GFHGL LD[H PN]IJC
O ]LD CYL ]LDG HO [C CDH Q PLFQO LH IKZ PLJDI LWU L[ PLKDG ONQ LHDEG VTNQ FHF GSZ FZQG
L]D VC FHZQ PHZQ OND [GKQ GFHGL LD[ HZLTGH ]QC ]WDH PLSHC[D UUH HN GOLEQ L[U FZG
FZQ CZHF HCOH ]H[FQ L]DH ]HLTSN
PLUESD GCQKQ GSLC PLOH[L ZTW FLI G[LJDG ]LD PDQ[G
[U