GHFZD QO LHC[ HSLC [DF GOZ GHFZO G[HQJ GHFZQ FL[HGO []HQ IKG L[DF ]HFHC RCNQ PLSH[JC HS]SH HCS FHU
DO ]HJSQD CDHQD UUH DQ FJ FHL GQ ]H[EC IKW HGLOC GSUQ ]H HN ]LSU] [H [HND U G[HQJG
EL VF
LD[N GNOG PHZQ OND CHG OON PEG H]HQN RCN ZHTWO HN[YHG PL[QHC L LTHL LD[N GNOG
FL]UO PL[DFD CO GUQO PLUEHSG PL[DFD COC H[QCS CO GNOGG LOON LN [LCQ LD[ FESN LTHL
]HNOGD PE C[QED GNOGG LOON HKZS GC[S PLSHC[ GQNQ PNTHQ HSLC GI OON POHCH CHDO
REQ FY [LCL ]HJ ]H GTZ [ VHT ZL[GQ ]H IO EJ XD] UFHS GF U ]D TH] UU G]U ]HEGHS RSLC
HO RLHFZ ]UF VTHLD CDHQD UUH EZT JL[ PG[DC
LTHL LD[N RCN ZHTWO HN[YHG MNO [LCQ LD[N CL ]HL[HGDH K GOLEQD GSQ P]T LWO PL[QHC LH
NHK ]HL[HG LC RHIJ K GOLEQ RDC L[HK ]QC ]WH ZJYL JLH R]LC GWYQ UU
PC GC[SH RSLLLJ RL[]F G]LQO HOLWC JLQO CNLC LC CJLN CO G]LQ CJLN GCQHK
D OLUO PL[HCDH PLHFJ ][JC GC HO PLSLZ]Q PLQNJ PLFHQ GOHJ OHFE RGN O H]C
MO L[QC "HGLLWSO HGSLC H[QLS RSD[H RSLLLJ RL[]F G]LQO HOLWC JLQO CNLC LC RSD[H
RN ON G[Y GLO RSLFDUF RHLN "[JC RGN RLSLZ]Q GQO CHG IL[I LC CHG IL[I OHFE RGN RSD[
PLQNJ HJ MNO G]LQGQ []HL GLHYQ GCQHKG LSWQ H[QC [DN COGH GI PUKO HN[YHG UHFQ OHCO L LWK I[FIQF
HJO RLC RN OUH GLHYQ GSLC PGLS ]CQHK [QHO L COG RN PCH
>G]LQO OON PLHJ RLC HS]KLN CO@ ]JC G]LQO HJ G]C MQUKO VC CLG GFHGL LD[O PLQNJ ]SUK GC[S MC
LFLQ CY] CO POHUO L[G G]LQ J LFL ]CYO ]CD PC ]H]LQ L]O ]JC G]LQ RLD CSLFO [DFD ZOJO HSO RLC PHZQ ONQ
CWHE HI GSUK PQYUO PLQNJ H[QCL HZG HGIH PL[HULO PL[DFG R]LO GFQG HI RLC OON HJO MO RLC MNOG GI J
]SZ]GD GDLTH PUK L MNO []HLD IL[I GUS RGNG ]SZ]GDH OLCHG HY[]H PLS ]CQHKO COH FJC ]CQHKO HJO UHFQ
VHT [DFO RLC ][DT RCN ]NLL RLC RN RHLNH ZHJ[O DH[Z J RLD ]LQ]T GZHOJ HI RLCH FJC RGN
FJC O HQF MWL PC PLJTWG O ]HDH[U]G PFQ COQQ GLG THN GT PLJTWD GFHGL LD[ [QC GQD HSLYQ GID CYHLNH
CQ JG LFLQ ]CYL CO M]KLO PE COG TH]G ]LHZ MND ]DHLQH P L[WN PLQNJ HO H[QCH H[LNQ GI CYQS RGQ
ZWTG RQ ]CYO PFG VHTLCD ]OUHG COH LOND PFG ODZ]S CO
]HQYUH RLFLE [D FQHC LWO [HQJ [D LW OU PFC FL OZQ [UO KL RLN[UD GFHGL LD[ L[DFD KUQ GQHFG RLSU HSLYQH
[DHT RCN VC RSLFDU [WCF GQN GFHGL LD[ OCH PFC FLD FHQCS RN PC FQHCD COC ZLHFQ GI RLC RHLN LTHL LD[ HO [QCH
P PLJTW ]UF VTHLD CDHQD UU ZHJ[ []HLG JG LFLQ CYS CO LWUC [WC GQN RZ]O GFHGL LD[
]LSHSLD GYLD ][UG RWHC ]HFHC HIL PLOND LTHL LD[H GFHGL LD[ ]ZHOJQ [WO L GID CYHLNH
COC H]C OU GC CHS GLG CO UQQ LQOH[LD PL]D LS GLO GHG RN PC GO TLSNF
RLC LW OU VCH IC GSTLSNLH GSFZL PL[HWNG PHLD H]C ]HQ] PC ][JC GC HO PLSLZ]Q
FZQD ]HD RLC ]DD PLS PLCHSH PLFZQ
ONHL CO RLSUD GFHDUG UYQCD ]HQ] CQ HJO L PHQ [WC RN [DHT HSLC HSO FHQO]H
KN
]UF VTHL
ON GL[W RHUK L[G GTSHNOH GNOG RQ ]CYO OON HO [WC LC LSWQ HC CDKL[ GTSHNOH ]CYO
PEH H]LDO GTSNG HI RLC P HFHUD GTSHNO HO [WC LCH RDOG L[ TH] RNO PFHZQ GTSHNO ML[Y MNO GUD
GSQVTNG NHQN VLFU [JC RLSUD ]HUO [WC [CN FZQD ]HD RLC LW OU VC [WC
PHL FHUDQ G]HUO [WCN PLC[HQC ]ZHOJQ EZ RLDH[LUD PE UH
UHQO L RNH GNOG RQ M[HYO ]CYO HO []HQ UQQ LH]DH TH]D U H OLUO PLSHC[ GQN L[DFQ [LUGO L
C[GQDH L[D U IQ ROGO ZHD L[NS PU [DLFH HD[UD HC WNGHLD CYL OHFE RGN ]LJQZ RD OCUQL OU [WHTQGQ
PSJD ]CYO HO RLC ]CYO M[YHL GI RWHCD RZ]O PLQNJ HY[ CO [WCH RL]NTQ L[ ]QC]WD PE UH
PHLD GTSHN FYLN RN PCH GCLDO GLHC[ GSLC LSWQ GSHZ GSLC GFS ]WHJ PDQ[G ]KL OU LQOH[LGQ HZG PLSH[JCGQH
FHQO] OU ZOHJ LQOH[LG PL[QHC LH >G[H]GQ PL[HTC PLLHSLU ]QJ ON PDQ[G ]UFOH@ GCLDO LHC[ HSLC COG PL[HWNG
PHL ]FHDU PLLJ PLQ G ]HDL[ L[DF ]H LWU GWHJ COO RLHFZD LF MNOG H]LD ]DJS [DN FDO RLHFZD [DHTH RFLF
CHG CLEHTD H[QC RNOH GCLDO GLHC[ GSLC GWHJD [DFD ZW]TQ GW ]HDH]ND HSFHQO] RNC D]N LQ LH C PL[HWNG
L[G GTSHNO HO CC RDOG L[ ]SHHN HI [WCH KSZ CJ CZU[ ]H LWU LQOH[LGN COF PL[HWLNG PHL PFHZ GTSHN
GCLDO [CH GL[W RHUK
]QC ]WH FL[G TH] FL CJ FTJ ][H] ]H D ]HDH]N DZUL ]LD FU KN VF PLS]J ]WHJ T[KSHZ MOQG [U UUH
FQ EJ JHC GQ ]H[EC
RLHFZG RWHCD PL[HWLNG PHL PFHZ ][JC GC FZL CO UHFQ GQO GIG J[HKG ON [QC] PCH
]U OND FJC ]LD PU CHG CYQSH H]C ]HQ] [CNH PC COC FLQ HOHJL CO
PEH GCLDO GLHC[ GSLC GWHJ CLG LSWQ PL[HWLNG PHLD HOHJL RLCHLSO [WC LC LWO [QHO LH
PEG ]DD RLSZ GSHZN ]HD PHQ RN ]HUO [HTC [QHO L CLG G[N GWHJ KHZSS PC
[HTC ]DD ]UYD]Q RLSZG ]HOJ RHLN MC ]DD GUQ GHU HSLCH OHJ PHLD ]LUS H]OHUW
RLSUO KS LTO HSZ CHIJ UUH ][JC M[FD DLO D]N CLHNZ LC RHIJDH DLYSG LHFJD UUH KSZ CZU[ ]H LWU
]DD OHJL RLSZ ]HOJ
]HQ]NO PFHZQ GSFZL PC PE MNOG RQI [JCO Z[ OHJ] GWHJ ]HUO MLL RLC D]N LQ LH
LWU ]HD PHQ [HTC L[GH PHLD HD COC ]HUO HO [WC LC GIH GWHJO GSTLSNL ML[Y COG H]C
FQ EJ JHC GQ ]H[EC
ZWTD [LQJGO LH []GO COH [HTLCO CO GLC[ RLC ]DD OHJL ]DG PFHZ RLSZ ]HUO CZU[ RHFLS RLSUO P ZLTGH
HO RLDH[LU ]UF VTHLD CDHQD UUH [HTLCO CZU[EG RZI G[HG PHQ K[WD [DFG [[HDL FU
JL[ RCN RLCH HO ][]HQ PLLZ]S CO LCS]GH LCS] OU [EQG RGN JNHQ ]HQHZQ FHUQH RCNQ
LWU H]LD FUDH HFUD [WNH DH]N L[GH GC COD CHG CYQS HO G[HTC PC LN GSHGNO G[THCG KEG
ENGQ C[G ]H
MNOG GSQQ [HW HGL[GH GQU ]HGO HO [HTC LSWQ PUKG GC[SH H]LD OOND GSLC HO G[HTCG GC C[D UQQ
GTH[C HQNH H]LD OOND HI RLC
RGL[JC HDO MQLL CO LFN [QHO [WC RLFG PUKD PL]D LS FUD COH H]LD FUDH HFUD [WNH
ELIL GCLD L[HTLC FDC[ U GCQHK LFLO CHDLH
GQHCG O ]L[THQG ]HQOGH WSGCQ ]C CKDQG CHG OHFEG RGNG C[ZF CQUKD [QHO L FHUH
O
EL VF CQHL
L[THQG FLZW]G ]HQOD LOC[LG LCG LLJ ]HQF ]C EYLLO HLOU MNO ]WHQN PUG LSWO [DHUG CHG
PUKG H]HCQH ]L[THQ ]HJ]W]G ONO TLTDG CHG RLCHLSG OHU LN LHS ]HLGO HLOU GDHJ RN OUH
HIK L[JC [W [LG [[ LWU FDOD ]JC GCO LHS ]HLGO DLLJ
PLS OU COH FJC ]LD OU COC GFH]Q HSLC GSHHNG CQ PL]D LS HO LN [WNQ HSLC H[FO RLSQ [LUG ]QC ]W U
PLJTW TH]D CQEHFO U G[FG OU GULWQ G[DTG HSLYQH OSNH G[DTG LSWQ RN H[FO OI[O GLG [D]TQ GC[S MC
L G[FG G[FSH [JCQ LN PHDLD [QCSG ]LD Q HZG QQH HSSLSUD CLE PLFDU MOQOGSQG D]N RNH LSC GF DT
]NLL C[DTG RLCN PE PHZQ OND G[FO
[JCO ODC CKLEO LHQH ]TSNG ]LDO OLLUH HGLC PLFZ ]QLQO CLUD CZF GO LIJ LC DU
LWU LCS]G PHLZ PFHZ G]Q LSWQ U[WQO KE H]HUO LFN ]TSNG ]LDO TSNLL OLUHL CO G]Q
]QCD D]NH CDKL[G HI GJSG OU PLZOHJ LH RDOG L[ TH] [DFD ZW]TS LQ LH C[G TH]H PLSL TH]
G]HQ [JCO TSNLGO ONHL CO H]HSLSC MH]Q CQH FQHUH LHO] LCS]G CGL CO LFN ODC HCS] PLLZOH G]LQ [JCO TSNLGO OHNL
]HQ] PFHZ LCS]G PLLZO [FGO L
[JC RWHCD [LWH LH]GN COF P KZSH G]LQ [JCO LCS]G PHLZ OLUHQ JLNHGO D]N CNJ RLH[E JQ [HC [WTD RNH
G]]LQ PFHZ SNGLDO TSNLL HKZS UHFQ
PE OLUHQ PLQE HF[L PC RHEN HQLLZO PFLD RLC GIN LCS] PLSL TH]G L[DFO PE [QHO FFLY PL[HCDH PLHFJ [WTDH
LCS]G PHLZ PFHZ G]QN
]JSQ HHO DJ OHDI ]LD INZ CZU[ ]H CG RLH[E MOQG [U Q RLKLE RLSUD T[KSHZ ]QC L[DF U GI RLSUD FHU
CGT GQO
PC OSG LH]G L[DF LWO L[GH ]TSNG ]LDO TSNC C O ]SQ OU H[QC CO UHFQ LH]GH TH]G HSF GQ OU [LUGO L@
ML[CGO C[QED HY[ COH@ G]HQ [JCO Z[ PLLZ]Q CHDC CO LCS] COG RN PC KE HSLC G]HQ [JCO Z[ PLLZ]S CO LCS]G
P]LHZ ]SDHQ RLC G[HCNO RN PCH >M]HQ LSWO UE[ FU TSNC CO QU GS]G [QHOH
HZG LH]G L[G G]LQ [JCO PE PLLZ]GO OHNL RH[JCG GI GU] OCH D D LCS] RLDH GUH PHZ D LCS] RLD ZOJO RLCH
>UYH GU] OCH D D CHG LCS]G P L[GH GCG G]QO OUDG ]Q RLD HZOLJH L]CD CO PC F LCS]Q
]EC PSQC GF GQZ DHK PHL ESHU CQ VF RLKLE T[KSHZ ]QC L[DF U PLCS] ]HNOGO UEHSD CLEHTD VTHS R]QH CQ
LD [L L[U EY GL[C
JDIQG LDE OU DL[ZQH FQHU GLG CLS]F GLO RSLZWQ LZHWC GFHGL LD[O C]G LLDC GLO [QC
][QC ]CH [HQEL [QHC LTHL LD[ GFHGL LD[ L[DF CYHLH H]FHDU JLSQ ]Q HO ]Q UQH
HGQ]H KHLFG RGND G[HQC LTHL LD[H GFHGL LD[ ]ZHOJQ [WQ L[ "H]LD MH]Q GLO RSL]LLQ
C[QEG ]LHZ MN ON ]SDHQ RLC RNH OOLJ GFHDU FDU RSHC COGH H]FHDU [HQEL UHFQ TH]G
RSHC OHFE RGN ]FHDUD RSD[F G[IED KHLFG RGND GFHDU ]ZTWG RHFLS ]HO]O L[WO
PHQOUD GUSN PE HK PLJDI ]NTQD [CHDQ PHQOUDQ CS LCQ L[C ][HDE [WTD GZG FHU
OTW H]FHDU UYQCD
DLLJ GFHDU ]UD CYL RGN ON HGD FZQ ]CLD PDQ[G L[DF LW OU L[ ]KL [CDO GC[SH
DLLJ CHGH ]Q HO ]Q UQ KHLFG RGN HOLWCH H]Q] RW HCY] CO FUHQ OGC J]WQH [QCS G]LQ
[HTC PEH H]QO CQKLGOH ]CYO HO [HTCH [JCQ L[ [DHTH FZQG RQ CYL CO H]FHDU ZLTWGO
CHG FDHU RGN O HSLF CYQS OON ]HSLSC HLOU GOJ CO L[G FZQD CHGN PH[WOH UH[WO
CO
]UF VTHL
GI RLCH RSHC HSLCH [JCQ FHDUO MLQGO HO []HQ L[G RN RHLNH ]HSLSC IC GOJ CO OE[G RLFN
G]U PHQ OUD HGL[G VHT VHT GFHDUG UYQCD PHQOUD GUSO GQHF
L[G H]QO CQKLQ HSLC [JCQ GFHDUG UYQCD KHLFG RGN C[QED PLSHFLSG RLD GCHHGG ]SDHQ GIDH
GFHGL LD[ COC FHDUO MLQGO HO []HQ G[H] RLFQH RSHC OHFE RGN RLFN HSLF NCH HOYC OE[N GI
FHDUO H]LDQ OHFEG RGNG ]C PLCLDQ GFHGL LD[ L[DFO [QHC G]C FYLN RN PCH RSD[F G[IEQ [THC
LDC LWU FHDUO MLQL CO >OHFE RGNN HSLF IC@ FZQD FDHU GLGN HOLWC [IHE GFHGL LD[ L[GH
EKLZ LL ]LD UUH DLYSG LHFJD GI RLUNH P FZQ ]CLD L[IU
C[QHJO MOHG GFHGL LD[ H]UFD TH]G HD]N HQN COC C[QEG ]CHHGD RN [W GC[S RLC L[ RHOQ [LUGO L
[HIEO L RN HQN ONCL CQ KHLFG RGND [IHE PN ]HKLWD [QHO L[O HO GLG [NISG H[LWG LWN PCH ]HSLSC ]D[ZGD
GH GFQD PGLSD MLL GOLNC J L[G OHFE RGND
CYL UHFQ P L[IULDCD GQ] [DNH C Y H L H H]FHDU JLSQ [QC GFHGL LD[ LN [W LWN [WO L[O HZJF GI GC[SH
GIH OHNCO CHDL CQ FZQD CYQLL CO G[IED OONS GI PE CQ [QHO ZJFH G[H]GQ GCLYLD [HTC PDQ[G ]KLO COGH
MJ[N OU MNOG GFHDUG ]UD GCLYL O G]LQ [HTLCD PLFLD H[LDUQ G]C ]HSLSCD PLFZ ]OLNC J LSWQ GQL]
FHDUO HO [HTC [DHT RNOH ]HSLSC HLOU GOJ RNC H]KLO LSWQ ]Q HO ]Q RGNO GCLYL [HTLC RLC GFHGL LD[O [QHO
[QHE RNOH ]HSLSC GOJ CO MNOH@ GCLYLD [HTC [DHT LTHL LD[O Z[ HSLLG CYL CO PDQ[G D]N GQH G [ H ] R L F Q
>L[IULDCD [LDTG HQNH L[WO KHLFG RGN HOLWC H]FHDU
HLOU OHJO G[HQJ GSLC LTHL LD[OH H]FHDU ]UD RGN OU GOJ CLG G[HQJ ]HSLSC GFHGL LD[O CHG P]ZHOJQ V[H] CYQS
[LQJQG GI CHG L[G RSHC CHGN FHDUO H]LDQ OHFE RGN HCLDL GFHGL LD[ L[DFD [QHO [D]TQ CO C[QED HZG HGIH
H]FHDU ZHTU CHGN RGN OU GOJ ]HSLSC [DHTH ]HSLSCD
CDKL[G LHFJD L[WO VTHS [HCD
DCNG ]HE[ ]C OKDO HSQQ [FS GFHDU ]UD Z[ LN ONHC HSLCH RSHC DL[ZQ OHFE RGN
]UD RN CO GFHDUG ]HUQQ O GQYU ON HI RGH GQHCG DOD G ]UF LSWQ LK[WG
RSHCG MC ]LOQT GFHDU ]E[FO ]LDLKZLLDHTG GCSGG ]C ]HOUGO GFUHS GOLNCG LN GOLNC
GJQ G]HC OONO ULEGO HO [WC LCH DCHN HDO ]LDLKZLLDHT GSLJDQH [UYD LH[ HJ[HN OU
ELL LSLQ [LG [[ H[LW LHKLD GO ]]O GCD PLFZ ]OLNC
FL VF
]HQ] CQ HO RLSLZ]Q ][JC GC VC [QHC GFHGL LD[ RS]GH ONCL CQ GFHGL LD[ [IE LQH
GSH X[]O [WC GLG "ONCL CQ GFHGL LD[ [IE COH GFHDU FLDU H]C C]LLQ LCH H]C
[JC FLD H]FHDU [HTQO GFHGL LD[ [IE CO GIDH HD COC G[N GFHDUG RLC PL[HWNG PHLD OHFE RGN
PLSHC[ []HL DHK XH[L] ]Y[]Q C[QEG COC PLQL GUD [LW CO
DO