RHLU ML[YH RN UQQ CO GSQFLEQG L[DFQ POHCH [EO ML[Y RLC []GD CS
GFH]
[HTC CQ GCHS GSLCH HO ]FHZQ CLG ]WTHS GC HO L RGND ZW]TGO PHZQ LH
OHTWO ]LD OOND ]FHZQG RLC GC[S G[HCNO LN PC PL]D LS PHQ WNGHLD FHDUO
FQ EJ JHC GQ ]H[EC LWU [NG RLSUO HQN
TSHNH FZQ H]C G]Q PC COC PL[HWNG PHL LSWO GLS GC CHS HSLC UQQ LQOH[LD E
FZQD ]HD H[L]G LWO PL[HWNG PHLD ][JC GC
JDI
FL EL PLWF
JDIQG LDE OU DL[ZQH FQHU GLG RGN O HSLF GQH "RSHC CHGN PLFZ ONHC HC DL[ZQ OHFE RGN PCG EN
"]Q HO ]Q UQH
ONCL CQ PHLG H]HC ON DL[ZGO [THC GFHGL LD[ ONHC HSLCH ZOHJ HSLCH RSHC DL[ZQ OHFE RGN
RSD[F GOLO ]HSLSC L[G FNH PLDOJ ][KZG FHDUO HO []HQ GFHGL LD[ GFHQ GOLOD C
[JCO GOLOD Z[ [HQC GI TH]G HD]NH G[IEO G[IE HI L[G ONCL CQ H[IE CO MNOG
MNOG C]L[HCF GOLO ]HSLSC KY PLJDID GFHGL LD[ [DHT G]LQG PHLD ODC G[HDZ PHL
G]LQG PHL [JCO GOLOD FHDUL CO H]KLO
QOQG ZLTG RN GFHGL LD[N COFH ]HSLSCD FHDUO GOLJ]NO []HQ OHFE RGN GC[S GNOGO D
LD[ HOLCH CYHLH H]FHDU JLSQ [QHC GFHGL LD[ ]Q HO ]Q UQH DL[ZQH FQHU GLG RGN HOLWCH
[HQEL [QHC LTHL
LD[N GNOG L[LCQG D]NH L[LCQGH CDKL[G WNH KHLFG RGND G[HQC HI ]ZHOJQ [WQ L[
ONG L[DFO KHLFG RGN PGL[DFQ UQQH OHFE RGND PL[WQ TH]G HOLCH EQT WNH LTHL
H]HSLSCD GFHDUG ]C OOJQ L[G CYLH H]FHDU JLSL
H]FHDUD MLQL OHFE RGN GSQ VTN TH]G H[LWNH LTHL LD[N ZTW HD FZQ ]CLD PDQ[GH
HSLC HOLWC CLH GSUL HFLD ]SQHIQ CLG COC GFHDUD OLJ]G CO HOLWC HD]N TH]GH@
>CD RL[FGST LQOH[LD [DFD HZOJSH MOQO GSQ LWU OLJ]GO HO []HQ OON GFHDUD ZTHU
CO GFHDUG MLQL LQ P RLC HOLWCH@ OOLJ FDU PCH H]FHDU JLSL KHLFG RGN HOLCH
>FCSZ MHSLJ ]JSQ FHDUL
H]HQ] COH HCY] COH [QCS GFHDUG ]UD FZQG RQ ]CYO HO [HTC PDQ[G VLTHGH
ODC]GO DLLJ RHLN [DHTH ZOHJ FDC[GH PLWHJFH PLOGHDQ HCYLH P]FHDU HJLSL CO
HJ[N OUD H]QO CQKLH CYL
PHL CHG LSWQ GOLNC J RLC LN GFHGL LD[O PE OLE[N FDHU ]Q HO ]Q PL[HWNG PHLD OHFE RGN
ONO GOLNCD [HTCG
GJQD PONCO ML[Y LWO PLFZ ]OLNCD [HTC LHHF HDO RGN ON L[ L[DFQ [CHDQ
HSLC LWUC H[C ]HQ OU GHF HDO C[QED [CHDQG GI RHEN [UYD CZHF CDKL[G [LWH
RSHC RLFD
[DFD [HTLC RLC PL[DHTH PLZOHJ PLSHC[ FHUH PLSL TH]H
[FU
CQHL ]NTQ PHNLTO ]HDH]H ]HOC
FL VF
"FZQD FDHU GLG H]L[W LQL ]UDD OHFEG RGNG PCG FN
]HSD[ZG [C ONH L[ RLFLQ] O PFG ]C Z[HI CHG PLQLG ]UD ON HS]SQD HSLS
RN ]HUO PLQNJ HSZ] OE[G ]CH C[G ]C DL[ZQH ]H[SG ]C DLKQH ][HKZG ]C [LKZQH
HD COC G[N GSLC PHLG ]FHDU ON PL[HWNG PHL ]FHDUO RNHQH OLE[ CGL LFN
CDLOC PGL[DFH GFHDUG [QE RG ]H[S L] COC DLKQ GLG CO OHFEG RGNG TH]G HD]N
PLZLOC HSD[
PLSHC[
ONG ]C DLKQ GLG UQQ HK CWW D[ L[DFQ ODC LLDCF
]UD MQD RZLOFQ OHFEG RGNG GLG GC[S ]QC]WG D]N PLD[UG RLD ]H[SG ]ZOFG
GID FFY [GH PLQLG
U N ROGO ]QC ]W LWU G]HC GHU GLG CO OHFEG RGNG GSQD UQQ RFG ]QH[]H
[WC LC CDLZU LD[O ODC CQKS CO ]CKJ LQ HLOU HILG [HGKG ]KZHS HS]SQ CFTJ D[ L[DFO
PLCHOLQD GCIGO GQHFD [ZHDD ]LUS G]LG GCIGG CQ]TQH@ GUD ON HLOU PLIQ L[G FHDUO HO
ON FDHU CDLZU LD[O HOLWC ROGO CWW D[ KZS RNH [QC LLDC GCIGGQ CQKSH >DLYSG PLZLOC HSD[ LWU
HQ DL[UGD [GKSH ODHKH D[U ]HSWO HLOU PLIQH PHLG
"PL[HGK HC PLCQK ROGOF PLSCG PCG GN
]CKJLQ GIQG C
GIHQG D
PGD UEHSG E
PCHSG F
]HIGO RLHN]SD RLFG GQ "GSLQ CZWS LCQH GCIG ]DJS GCQHK PLODZQ PSLC PL[DF OU GCIG PCG G
"MWGO HC GQGDG OU GIGH PFCG OU
HLFED TDNL GFSG LQ GIQH DH]NG HOLCH CQKG OU [ bG K G G I G H [HGK CQKG OU ]CKJ LQ GIQG C
ROGOFN CHSD [DFQ
[GKS HQ DL[ULNOH ODHK ]CKJ LQ HLOU HIG ]QCQK D
K GFSDH HS]LEHTD TH]D UQQ RNH J OLUO LH]D GNH N GOLEQD TH]GH DCL G[W FDC[G ]UFO
GJF PC P PDQ[G ]UFOH GCIGG [JCO Q D[UGH GOLDK ML[Y POHUO GF LQH[Q U
GCIGG [JCO DH OHDKO ML[Y HSLC ODKH LULDG PHLG [JCO GCIGG ]C
CHGH CQK [HGK OU GIG CG C Q K G O U [GKG
b
GIGH CQKS CDLZU LD[ L[DFO HLOU HIG [HGK
OU [HGK CQKG OU PC [HGK PL[QHC PLQNJH LSQQ GZHJ[ CLGH GQNJC L][QC GQO [QC
"RN ON CO [HGKG
L[H] TH] LWU > UEHS OOND GI RLCH@ Q D[UG ML[Y HSLCH GLGN [HGK CHG L[G PLQNJO C
L[C ][HDE UH FHUH RDOG
KL DLYSG LHFJ JL DLHNZ LC RHIJ U PLQNJN ZTW PDQ[G L[DFQ UQQ D
G[U
]UF VTHL
PLFED THDLN RHUK HSLCH DH]NN D[UG FU CQKL GFSG LQD UEHSG E
CDHQ D]N PC[GH TH] [HULN PGD RLC HC GCIG [HULN UES PLQD L PC ZHOLJ RLC C
PLFED THDLN RHUK GCIG [HUL PGD L PLQD UEHSG C[GQD
FHUH RDOG L[H] LWU PLQNJO [HGKG OU GIQ HOLWCH GULESD PLCQKLQ PSLC GIHQGH GIQG D
IH G[W CHIJ ]QC ]W
LN GIHQG ]C HC GIQG ]C GCQKQ GSLC PLQNJ HSZ] GCIG [QHO FFY CKL ]HCQHKG ]HDC MOQOGSQG
CQKS CDLZU LD[O [CHDQ HS]LEHTQ MN OU GQ] G[W VHT LCRHIJGH GCIG M[HYO HI GCLS VHT VHT
PLQNJ HSZ] GCIGD PE GIHQG
GSLC GCIG [QCF RCQO HOLWC@ GCIG [HUL CSN CZHFH PLFED THDLN ML[YH CQK ]CKJ LQ CHSG F
]HJW ODC >P]HIGOH DHIC LOHUDE PGD ODKO LHC[ CGL LFND LOND PLQO [HUL L [HUL GNL[Y
DH]NG H[GLK [DN H[GKO CQKG OU GIQO GSHHNG RLC HLFED TDNL GFSG LQ GIQGH [HGK [HULNQ
GCIG [HUL ML[Y FQOO GIQ RHO KZSH PLQG ]C KLTQ CHSG OU COC
G[W PDQ[ K GFS TH] CQKS CO ]HIGO LFN UEHSGH CHSG ODC PSJD PLQG ]C CHS CZHF C
GCQHK ODZQ HSLC [DF OU GIG HC GIG CO VHTDO PC HOLWCH FHUH PLON L[ QGLWDH CHK
OU GIG VHTDOH > GCIG HI RLC@ GCQHK ODZQ HSLC [DF OU ]HIGO LFN PCS CQKS CO
PLSL TH] LWU CHS PHQ CQKS OCSSJ HSD[ H[WOH CQKS CO UQQ L[WO CQK
OHNL GLGH [JC PHZQD ]HIGO PLQG ]C CHS PC KT PLJTWD TH]G LW OU HD]N L
P JOY U ]N[YS GSLC LSWQ CHSG ]C ]CQKQ HIN GCLS PGLOC CQKG ]C CLDGO
IK CJ PL[LQ DDHF
]CLSD PLCQKS PSLC UQQ PLSHC[ FHUH GFSD TH]D GCIG M[HYO PLZTHUG [C
PLZTHUG [C ODC [HGK H[QC HQYU GIQD CZHF DJ G[W [G ]UFO GC[S POHCH PLQG
GDJ[GD U HO ]H[GK DZUL ]HOGZ LWU CQD PLCQKS
PSLC PLQG KT PLJTWD TH]D UQQ GCQHK PLODZQ PSLC PLOND PLQG ]C CHSG D
EDL G[W [G ]SHHN MND [WO LH PLCQKS
PLODZQ PSLC PL[DFD ODC GCQHK PLODZQG PL[DFD COC PL[HQC GCIG L[DF RLC PL[QHC PLQNJ G
GCIGO PLOHTW DHICD PLL[LG GSLQ CZWSH C Q K G O U [GKG
b
GIGH GCIG GLH[Z GSLC GCQHK
L[ GNCOQ PGD G]US PLQN PLOHTW DHICD PLQG GQGDG OU GIGH PFCG OU ]HIGO RLHN]S RHEN
]CKJ LQ CHSN C]L[HCFQ CHG G[HCNO GC[S DEL G[W [D MC FHUH LH] U RSD[F OHTW CHG CL
CQK RLD PFCG OU GIGH GQGDG OU ]HIGO RLHN]S ODC GCIG P RCN RLC L[G U POTW PSJD
PL[WQ LWU [JC OU ]HIGO CD HC H[GKO GSHHND HLOU ]HIGOH [HIJO ML[Y RDOG L[ LWU [HGK RLD
PLOHUDED PLL[LD ]HIGO OHNL
ML[Y [QHON GSL PFCG OU GIGH GQGDG OU ]HIGO RLHN]S L[WQ MWGO PL[WQ L C
ODC GCQHK ODZQ HSLC [DF OU ]HIGO GSHHND G]LG GOLDKG LSWQ ]WTHS PUW OHDKO
RHLN GOLDK COD DH ]HIGO OHNL COC GSL CO GQGDG OU GIGH PFCG OU ]HIGO RLHN]S
]HNOGDH GSQG H[LWD PDQ[ LWU G[N G]LG GOLDKG
PL[N PLQG L[LL GQGDG OU GIGH PFCG OU ]HIGO RLHN]S MWGO T[HE OCSSJ HSD[H
HU[
CQHL ]NTQ PHNLTO ]HDH]H ]HOC
HOTWS GQGDG OU ]HIGO RLHN]S >PLQD [WCG ]C HJLSG [JC ]OTHW GNCOQ RLC@ GCIGO
PLQG ]C OTWH CHSG CQKS MNOG ]HIGO ]SQ OU CO ]CKJ LQ CHSN GI L[G@ PLQG
>EY PLJDI U PL[GKQ HCQKS ]CKJLQ [DHT [IUOC LD[ ODC PLQNJ ]UFN HGI GC[SH
DLHNZ LC RHIJ LWU ONG L[DFO GOHTW H]OLDK GQGDO RLHN]S GOLDKG ]UD PC GC[SH
IGH G[W CHIJ UUH JL G[W PDQ[G L[DF ]C [LW RNH
GCQHK ODZQ HSLC [DF OU ]HIGO LFN PLQG ]C CHSG GCIG GSLC MND ]WTHS C]HZWS D
GH G[W CHIJ U GCIG M[HYO CHSN CO CQKS >PFCG OU VHTDO GIG COH@
FDC[G ]UF RNH H]CIG GOLUHQ HKZS DQ ROGO LH]D H[GKO RLHN]S COH CQKG OU GIG E
DDL G[W KLH] CU[ KO GKHT L[UH G[GKO GSHHN ML[YQ P PDQ[G ODC IL G[W
HK FL PLWF
"HQF ]ZL[IH FLQ]G ]KLJ ]H[SG ]DKG ][HKZ ][KZG ROGOF ]HFHDUG [FT HGQ HN
][HKZG >RSJHL LD[ GWYQG LC RHUQ LD[ CHG@ RL]LS]QF CS]O [JG ]HFHDU [FT OU PLCS] HZOJS
NJCH ]H[S QJ DLKQ GOLJ]D ]HSH[JC ]H[S L] ]DKGO HSLLGF H[LWH ]H[SG ]DKGO ]QFHZ
CS]OH L[ ]H[SG ONO ]QFHZ ][HKZ ][DHTG GUF RLC ODC ]H[S L] DLKQH [IHJH ][HKZ [LKZQ
[ZDD [ZDD ][HKZ [LKZQ MN [JC Z[H ]H[SG ON ]C GOLJ] DLKQ OHC CDCO RNH FLQ] ]NTQF
GS[LKZL NJCH ][SG ]C HDLKLGD
]DKGO PFHZ ]HUS HLG CO GN ROGO CQHL [FTF CS] ]UF RNH RSD[O HQF ]ZL[IH FLQ]G ]KLJ
HD]NH EO LLDC [QC RN ]H[S L] ]DKGO ]H[S QJ ]DKG RLD G]LG PFG ]ZL[I OHC CDCOH ]H[SG
CS] HOLCH ]H[SG ]DKGO FLQ]G PF PLFZQ OHC CDCO PE [DHTH ZOHJ CWW D[ [WC TH]G
]H[SG ]DKG [JCO ]LUS FLQ]G ]ZL[I [DHT FLQ]F
JDIQG OU [J O FLQ]G L[DC ]D[ZG HOLCH ][HKZO PFHZ HQF ]ZL[IH FLQ]G ]KLJ ONG L[DFO
FO CO ROGOFN ][HKZG [JCO G]LG
]UD ]DKGD OON ZTWG GLG CO FLQ]F CS] ]UFO [WC FFY KU CJ ]HD CD[G C
UH CWW D[ ]UFD ]H[WCN > TH]G LWU@ C[GQ NNH GC[G PD DN ]D R[G LHFJD NNH ]H[SG
]QC ]WD
]H[SG ]DKG ]OLJ]O PFHZ ]LUS G]LG FLQ]G ] K L J PL[QHC L OHC CDC L[DFO D
MNLWO GFHDU GSLC LSWQ GD PLZFZFQ HLG COH GDKGG RQID G]LG HC CE FLQ] C[EG LWU
RCN GF L[ POHCH FW P FDC[G H[LW LWU GL[JCO HC GDKGG PFHZ ]HUGO GOHNL
]DKG [JCO G]LG GKLJG PE PLKZHS PLSHC[ FHUH FLQ]D [WQD GNH PFO GF EO ROGOH
HQF ]ZL[I HQN ]H[S QJ
JHCK E P TL[Z U OHC CDCN GNOGO HKZS PLSHC[ LH PLQNJN ZTW H RLFLQ] PDQ[G E
]HNOG LKHZO LWU CDHNLUO HSLC FLQ] [FT [C RNH DNUQ HSLC RWHC OND FDULFDH LDDH JQ
FLQ]
IU[
FU D[UQ G[N GFHDU MO RLC [ZD FU D[UQ ]H[SO ]QFHZ ][HKZG PLFHQ ONG PLD[UG RLD
CO GSQ PLNTSG ][KZG PFHZ JDIQO PL[DCG ]D[ZG [JCO ]LUS G]LGH FDOD HI COC [ZD