XHJD FQHU LSWQ CQHI RDO HOLWC GOLDK ML[Y RLC CQ GNH[C RLNTD G[IUO XHJQ KJHD HZW]TS E
GFHDU FDHUH OLCHG PLTSNSG [CD GOLDK PLNL[YQ PSLC PLQNJO HOLWC GOLDK ML[Y CQ HC
HZL]
ML[Y RLC PLQNJO UQQH GFHGL LD[H CQHI RDF CDLOC CHG ZWTG C[QED PLT[HE L
PLZLOC HSD[ FL[H] C[H] LH] LWU GOLDK
DO CO PLWF
"PL[HWNG PHLD OHFEG RGNG ]HOLDK HLG RNLG C DS
"PL[HWNG PHLD HLOE[H HLFL FZQH ODHK RGNG GLG PLQUW GQN D
"]HOLDKG HLG L]Q E
"PLHFLZG HLG L]Q F
"PLHFLZ G[UH ]HOLDK QJO ]H[HZQG PGQ G
LWUCH G[IUG PH[FD G]LG GNO GH[WG ]LD OU FHZD HLG PL[HWNG PHLD OHFEG RGNG ]HOLDK C
RN]LH TH] FZ]S MNO G[IU UZ[ZO GH GLG GH[WG ]LD EE [QHO L HFZ]S CO ]HLOUH PLEE
G[IUG [LHC [CN RHC[G HFLZD FZ]S [DN []HL [JHCQ GSDS RHLN CQ HC H]OLDK M[HYO FJHLQD GI EEO HFLZ
GFHGL LD[ ]UFOH PHLG ]DHJQ GSLC LWO OHJD G]LG GSHC[ GOLDKQ XHJ FLQ] L[ FDC[ LWU
LDE OU C]L[HCFQ CLG WNGHLD GFHGL LD[ GFHQ [QHO PLFFYQ LH L[H PDQ[G NNH GOLDK M[T COC GSLC
PKLU RLUQ PO PLULEQ HLG PLQG ]HQC E GDHED ZZJ [UG OUQ GLG@ G]LG H]NO FYDH PLQG [U
XHDH ]HULSYO@ PUG RLDO HSLD XHD O RLFT HT[W >G[IU UZ[ZQ GQC OH PL[U ]HJWO GHDE GLG
DGI LFED HO HCLDG EW]TSH GOU ODKH F[L KW >XHJD LFEDD PHLG ]FHDU [LNL LFN CZHFD
]UFD CZU[EG D]N RN FHZD G]LG GSHC[ GOLDK PE ]JC PLCS] ]UF LWO PL[QHC L
PLFFYQ L RNH >L[N D]N ED WNGHL ]FHDU PDQ[G ]UFD PE [QHO L RNH@ CQHI RDF CDLOC L[
PLHFJ [WTD D]N RNH IL[EG PD TG OU J[EG LHFJ VHTD PLFUHQG T[KSHZD U [LCQ LD[ ]UFD
PL[HCDH
K
ODHK GLG GFHDUO FHZ LFED ]WOJG OND PL[HWNG PHLD OHFEG RGNO HLG PLHFLZ G[UH ]HOLDK QJ D
ROGOFNH PLQUW FZQH ]JC PUW
RHUK GFHDUO GFHDUQ GSQG COC ]HOLDK QJH PLHFZ G[UD ]FJHLQ GHYQ RLC GC[S C
RLHFZ LH ]HOLDK G PLSLSQ CYL COLQQH PLHFLZ LSH GOLDK
]JC PUW FZQH ODHK HL]J] [JC TSNSN FLQ]G ]FHDU [JCO OHFE RGND OHTW U[LC
GKLW NJC KHWO H]HC PLNL[YQ RLCH@ FJC HFLZ [TJSH OHJ LFED KHW L[G PLQNJO
FZOH OHDKO M[KYL CO RN GUL PC PE [D]TQH RLSQG PLOGO LFN DH HDOOH ]WTHS
>DH
HFLZH GOLDK ML[Y PCG HWLOJGO M[YSH PLSW ]FHDU UYQCD FED U[ZSN RLLUO LH
DNHNZ LC RHIJ LWU GFHDUO GFHDUQ GSQD COC H[QCS CO ML[Y RLC [D]TQH
GSLC GSHC[ GOLDK L[QH ED WNGHL ]FHDU PDQ[G L[DFQ UQQ GFHGL LD[ L[DFO D
LD[ GFHQ CQ [QHO HFFY PLSL TH]G POHCH GSL GCQHK OU H[LNIGO LFN RSD[FQ COC
C]L[HCFQ G[IUO GTLSNG ]OLDK PL[HWNG PHLD GFHGL
]UF VTHL
JDIQG RHLF HLNTSH [J O FLQ]O DGI LFED DHOH OHJ LFED VLOJQN G]US GSHC[ GOLDK E
RL]LDJ ]JSQH [J O ][HKZ ][KZG G[HSQGH
LSWO ][HKZG ]TSNGH PLLQLSWG [LUH [W PHLG ]FHDUO RDO LFED DHOH DGI LFED VLOJQN GLS
PLSWOH
RHYLJG JDIQ OU PUG OLCH HOLC ]HUO DGI LFED DHOH RDO LFED VLOJQN ]LLO
PLFZG FZ ]LDQ G]JQH VN ]CYHGO RDO LFEDO DGI LFED VLOJQN ]LULD[
PLD[UG RLD O ][HKZH FLQ]OH PLWTHQO DGI LFEDO RDO LFED VLOJQN ]LQJ
ROGO U PLD[UG RLD O FLQ] [JCO ]LUS G]LG G]JQH VN ]CYHG RDQ[H PDQ[ ]UFO
U
LSWO GOLDKG PFHZ GLG FJC HFLZ PLQUW HLOE[H HLFL FZQ RGNG GLG HLFED ]WOJG ]UD [HQCN F
DOH ODK [JCO LS HFLZH [LCQ LD[O GKLWG [JCO HC PLQNJO PLFEDG ]KLW
RHC[G HFLZG HDO HSLCN PLUS PLHFLZG ON LD[ ]UFD >DZUL [D CJC D[N COF@ CFTJ D[OH
DOH XJ[H XJ[H KWH GLDOG PFHZ GOLDKG [JCO LSGH GOLDKG PFHZH GKLWG [JCO PFHZ
]JC PUW COC FZQ GLG CO PLQNJ L[DFO FHZ LFEDO OHJ LFED VLOJQN GSHC[G PLFED ]WOJGD
KHW PLFEDO MLL GOLDKG PFHZ HFLZG HI GUFO LN HS]SQ GQ]T RNH FHZ LFED ]LDO [JCO
PLHFLZG PLLQUW FZQ GSHC[G GWOJGD VC [LCQ LD[OH HFLZ PGO RHUK HSLC MNOG OHJ PG L[GH
PLQNJO OHJ LFED DOH FHZG LFED PHLG VHTD KWN GI FESNH HDOO FQHU FHZG LFED OLDD
FZQ GLG CO [LCQ LD[OH KHW PLFEDG OU ]JC PUW FZQ GLG
COH CZHF PHLD G]LG OHFEG RGNG O GSHC[ GOLDK UQQ Z[WG ]OLJ]D GSQG RHOQ C
HI GOLDK PC CZHF GI OLH GID FFY RDQ[O G ]HQJOQ UH JN ]QC ]W LWU RHLU ML[YH GOLOD
L[ L[DF ]HUQQN GSL GCQHK M[T PHQ RSD[FQ FQO ODC RL]LS]QF CS] KZS RN [WCH QQOGQ
CZHF PHLD ]HLGO GNL[Y GSLC GFHGL LD[F CDLOC PDQ[H
FZO ML[Y WNGHL O HFLZD CHG FJHLQ RLF FLJ LQ L PLOE[H PLFL HFLZ RLSUOH
PFHZ FLZ HOLCN GI L[G GOLOD FLZ PCH OHFE RGN ]FHDUO LHC[G RQID CZHF PHLD
DL DJ RLOCQ OC[ LHFJ LWU RGN]S
DH PDOH GSHGN LFED KW RGN ON ]HQHZQ FHUQH LQOH[LGQ JLNHGO D]N LQ L D
U G CJ LHOG ]LD LWU GO PFZ HFLZG ]C ]OKDQ GLDOG LN HLOE[H HLFL FZO DLLJ
TG OU IL[EGH J[EG LHFJ VHTD PLFUHQG T[KSHZD UUH M[HCD
GSHGN LFED ]LDO [JCO ]HLGO DLLJ HFLZ ON GNOGO PCG [DFG [ZLUD HZW]TS LH
]WD U DH FZO ML[Y RLC DO LSWO FLZ PC [WC FDULFD WNUH HCO PC CZHF
DO ROGO PL[HCDH PLHFJDH ]QC
PHLD HD FZQH OHFE RGN ODHK RLHFZ G[UH ]HOLDK QJ GNOGQ HODZ MN G
LH ]CI [LNIG CO PDQ[G POHCH LSLTQ GQO GNOG HI HD]N PLSHC[ FHUH TH] L[
]HD U ]ODHZQ GNOG OU COC QQOG OU CZHFD G[HQ HSLC L[LQE RHO H]UFO PL[QHC
FHUH DLYSG LHFJ DODYZ [LCL ]HJ
GFHDUO GFHDUQ PLFED VLOJQN ]HUS ]HOLDKG ]HC[ZQG RQ H[FH
L
CQHL ]NTQ PHNLTO ]HDH]H ]HOC
]LDO OND UQQ PDOH H[D ]C PLQD XJ[H PG FZ LFED DOL FZ FD ]S]N [F LD[
GOLDK RHUK FZ LFED
CDH DH]NGQ FQO DGI LFED DHON HOLCH RDO LFED DHON Z[ GIG DH]NGQ GOLDK FQO GFHGL LD[H
CYLH HLFED ]C DOH HFZ PHZQD PLQD H[D ]C XJ[H FDG LFED ]C KWH FUHQ OGC OC R[GC
PUG ]OU ]CH H]OU
b ]C GUH
PC RCN G[HQCG GYLJ[ DOH XJ[H KWHQ [F LD[ "RLHFLZ LS GNL[Y GOLDK ON RLSQH
H[D ]YLJ[ RHOD HCLYHGH@ PLOE[H PLFL HFLZO RLSU GS] OSN HSFQO [DN GOLDKO RLSU GSLC
RLD GYLJ[ DH]NG OLKGH >HFZ PHZQD GOLDK VC HFZ PHZQD HFLZ GQ HFLZN GOLDK HSULQGO
DOH XJ[H XJ[H KWH DH]N HOLCN GLDOO GYLJ[H GKLWO GYLJ[ R]LO GLDOO GKLW
XJ[H KWH DH]NG PLNL[YQ PG [HQCN L[G LD[N PL[HF PSLC GFHGL LD[H RHUQ LD[D [IUOC LD[
[HGK PFC ON GOLDK RHUK RLC PHZQD GQH [QHJH OZQ PL[HF MNO DGI LFEDO GOLDK FHQOO
GOLDK RHUK GI PLOE[H PLFL HFLZ RHUK P]KLO C]L[HCFQ ODHK HSLC FHDUO G[IUO TSNSN
GLDOO GKLW LZGO PLFQO D O [ C FDG LFED ]C KWH DH]NG [H]LQH HFLZ RHUK RLF HSLC
HFLZ RHUK GKLW VC HFLZ RHUK GLDO GQ
DLLJ OHDKO OHNL RLC LGON GDLTQ PC VCH GOLDKD LHO] HSLC PLHFLZG DHLJ GC[S
PL[HCDH PLHFJ LWU FZO
"H]OLDK [JCO PL[HWNG PHLD OHFEG RGNG GHU ]HSHC[G ]HFHDUG RGQ ES
HLSQT LS DH[D HKJ HY[Z FLQ]G ]C HO HCLDG HLOE[H HLFL FLZH OHFEG RGNG ODK [JCO
CO VC OTW CO Z[LQ CO PCH GWL PFG CLYHGO LFN Z[QO GHYQ HL[JC GKLJ [JC Z[LQH
DL[ZGOH ]H[SG ]C DLKGOH [J O ][HKZ [LKZGO TSNS HZ[IH PFG ]C OHFEG RGNG ODLZ RSD[FQ
]H[S QJ ]DKG CHG [FTG OHC CDC L[DFOH GIG [FTN RLLGH RL]LDJGH PL[DCG ]CH C[G ]C
HKFL OLUOH EO ROGOFN ][HKZ ][KZGH ]H[S L] ]DKG FLQ]G PF ]ZL[I
[JCO [J O FLQ] PU PLD[Z HLG PLWTHQ O PLDNG ]UDH GOHUG [W U CDLZU LD[ L[DFO@
> CF PDQ[G ZTW RNH HLTNS ]D[ZG
PLUS HLG G[HSQGH JDIQG RHLFH PLYU L[LIE LSH GN[UQ [HFLT PL[DHT PLSHC[GQ GQN C
KN FL[ PDQ[ RDQ[ LWU FLQ]G ]KLJD H]FHDU OLJ]Q GLG OHFEG RGNGH KHLFG RGND
PHLG ]DHJ GSLC LSWQ G[H]GQ OHFEG RGNG OU GDHJ GSLC FLQ]G ]FHDU PE PL[QHC LH
CDHQH PDQ[ PD DL OLUO CDKL[ LWU [JC GHU OJ GLG PCH [DFD L GHYQ PHZQ ONQH
DL DJ RLOCQ OC[EG LHFJD [DFG [HCDD GC[H DC WNGHLU GSQ VTND
CL
]HFHDUG ON ]C GHU GLG OHFEG RGNG EN [HWN PHL VTHQ OL[GQ LEGSQ U FHUH GI[G ]UFH
PLSL TH] HKZS RNH FJC XH[L] LWO TH]D HD]N [ID G[NG GKLJ PEH RFG ]QH[]Q OJG
RSD[FQ GOHTW [JC LFL OU PL[HWNG PHLD ]LUS PC CDKL[GH
RGN HQU TSNS GLG POHCH OHFEG RGNG LFL OU ]LUS G]LG ONLGD ][HKZG ][KZG [HQCN D
POHCH PLSWOH LSWO G[KZGN CO G ]HQJOQ LD C]WTH] LWU PLOJE ]]JQ PU VTHS
PE HLG PLFFYQ L FNH PLSWOH LSWO G[KZGD PL[HQCG PLFJHLQG PLLHSLG [C
PGL[DFD U [H[D [DFG RLCH FHUH FQ CHDE EQ [ LWU PL[HWNG PHLD ONLGD G[KZGD
FFN FHF FZQ
]UF VTHL
EO VF
"PLD[UG RLD O FLQ]O FUH GN[UQG [HFLTQ FZQG ]LDD UHDZG PHLG ]HFHDU [FT HGQ FS
C[QE PD GN[UQ [FT [FTQ GLG LLDC
>][HKZO ]H[SG ON ]DKG PLFZQG@ OHC CDCF CDLOCH
GOHFE GN[UQ [HFLT
PLCLDQ GSQQ PHQ HC GDH[Q G][WN RN ]QFHZ GOHFE GN[UQ@ ][HKZ O GLS GN[UQ [HFLT
>PLYU GD HCYQS CO PC GLS GN[UQO PLYU
PN[UL [QHON G][DJ OU COH GLOU [ZDD [ZDD PLYU RGNG G L O U [UDH@ PLYU L[LIE LS [HFLT
>[DN ]HQLLZ RGL] OONQ GLSG OU COH GOHFEG GN[UQG OU
HOLWCH GLQ[L LD[ ][HKZO PL[LNQ PSG PLYUG LN RHLFO PFHZ PL[LIE [HFLT@ LQLSWG JDIQ RHLF
]KQG OU H[LUGH LC D[ GLS GN[UQD PLYU CYQ CO PC ][HKZO QO PLOHNL PQYUD HOC PLYU
> CSLD[ [QHE GN[UQD OLJ]G PHQ HC GI RLF PDQ[G
JDIQD GOLJ] UEHW TSNSN LN ]H[SO LQLSWG JDIQ RHLF PLFZQ UHFQ [LW CD[@ ]H[S QJ ]DKG
>]HHYQG OU PL[LDUQ RLCH DGIG
RSJHL LD[OH G[IUG ]C LE[GO LFN LZO L[O ]H[SG ]DKG ]C HZOLJ@ ]H[S L] ]DKG FLQ]G PF
PL] [LLQH DH[G ]C GHU GDKGD OLJ]G RHLNH PL[ZD LSO HGZOJ [ZDD [ZDD PHQ
[HWQN PGLSLD ZLTWQ FLQ]G PF H[FH PL]Q ]H]HJW ]H[S RLCH ][3G
b g ]C HDLKLGD [QCS
>C[QED
>GS[LKZL MN [JCH ][SG ]C HDLKLGD@ ][HKZ ][KZG
[ZDD COC [QCS CO FLQ]G L[DCD HOLCH [ZDD [ZDD GD [QCS ]QFHZ ][HKZG@ FLQ]G L[DC ]D[ZG
>FJC
[QCS FLQ]G ][KZG PFHZ GOHFE GN[UQ OU PHON PL[LKZQ RLC PFHZ ]D[ZHQ GSLC@ FLQ]G ]JSQ
> LH] LWU ]HJSQO PLQFHZ PLQF LSLQ ON LNG HCODH GSHC[ GOHU GOUG GLOU M[UH
>]QFHZ GOHU GJSQH GOU@
b RL]LDJ ]JSQ
PLNTSO ]QFHZ GJSQH FLQ]G ]JSQN GJSQ CLGH OLCHG PLNTSO ]QFHZ RL]LDJ ]JSQ@ FLQ]G LNTS
>J[H L[U
>JDIO PLNHQT PLNTSG PLNTSH JDI [QCS FLQ]G LNTS [JCO PLCD@ PLWTHQG ]HSD[Z
>ROGOFN PLNLIDO PLQFHZ PLWTHQ [QCF RCQNH ]DD@ PLSWG PJO LNLID
]OHU GLOU PLQOG LDOJ GLOU [LKZGH [QCS HL[JC D[Z [JC RD[Z RLC@ PLD[UG RLD O FLQ]
>POHN ]HSD[ZG ON POG [JG
PL]O ]H[S QJ ]DKG RLD ][HKZD ZLTWQ OHC CDC OU PLZOHJG PLQNJ L[DFO C
FHUH CDKL[ FLQ]G PFO PFHZ LQLSWG JDIQ RHLFH@ ]H[SO PFHZ FLQ]G PF PGL[DFOH
L[H MH[UG LWU PLHTQ PNJ PD CO GDLLG LSD O ]LOON ][HTQ
RFQ RGNG ]UD G[IUD ]LUS H]KLJ ODC FLQ]G PF ]ZL[IO HSLLGF HD]N EQTGH DH RLFLQ] PDQ[GH
CO COC GOLO ]FHDU PYUD CHG RHLFG ]HQJOQD RDQ[UH GFH] JDI FLQ]F FW FDC[UH LQLSWG JDIQ
D[H RN]L HK OLUO TH]G HD]NH CQHL [FTF CS] ]UF RNH >CZHF GOLOD ]HUO PLQNJ PHJL[KG
]H[SG ]DKGO FLQ]G PF PLFZQ OHC CDCO PE [DHTH LLDC OU ZOHJ CWW
DL