FDHUH GDHO ]SH]N HQC HO G]U RGN [HDLY ]FHDU G]ON [JC GFHGL [D OCHQ CSHG D[ [QC D
GWL GWL GS[TQL CO CQ PLHJ RLCH [HDLYO GS[TQL FDODH FLJL ]FHDU GD
COG GZGH G[W C[ZQ VTHS H[LW CLDGH G]JQH VN ]CYHG FLJL ]FHDU [LW L[ C
[HDLYO G[THQO H[QC COH HO ]LOKYCD C[HZ ROGO HS
MOQOGSQG D]NH FLJL ]FHDUO [HDLY ]FHDU RLD ZOLJ COH P]T IJ FZQG LON PDQ[G D
PL[WQ LH [HDLY ]HFHDUD PE GOLUHQ [HDLYO G[LTQ >]H[JC ]HLEHTN@ ZTW GC[S
PHQ [HDLY ]FHDUD RN ]HUO RLC COC FLJLO [HDLY ]FHDU RLD ZHOLJ RLC PYUD
]HNOG LKHZO LWU [DFD FLWZQ [HDLYG
]C [HDLYO [HTQL ML[Y PL[QHC L HOQ VLTHQ RGNGH [HDLY OQ CD FEDG [ZLU [CN E
FNHNZ CHIJ HF PLOZ QGU U [DFD PLNNHJ LH DU[H PDQ[O GSQG H[LW LWU ]WTH]G
HO GO PLWF
"GLS GOLDK [JCO OHFEG RGNG GHU GQ KS
ON ]C HLOU GFH]GH H[W OYC RGNG HO CD HLOE[H HLFL FLZH RDO LFED DOH ]LSD ODK [JCO
OUH H]LD OUH HLOU H[W OU DH GFH]Q PL[LUG LS OU OL[EQ MN [JC H]LD LSC ]HSHHUH HL]HSHHU
GIUD ROGO K[HWL HQNH PLSGNG HLJC ON
HLJC ]C [LNIQ RHC[ LHFLHD PE FL ]HUHDD RHUQ LD[ ]UFO PLKZHS PLSHC[GQ L
PL[WNQ PLLHFLHG LS [DHTG [O HOLWC HD]N TH]GH P CDKL[H CD[ LWU PLSGNG
PE POOHN GLG H]UFD ODC@ LSD COC PLSGNG ]C H[LWD [LNIQ GLG CO PLSGNG OU
>CDKL[ RHC[D
HO VF
"PLFZ LFZ ]KLJ RLSUO G[IUG RHWY DJS RNLG C T
"H[W OU RGNG GFH]Q GLG RNLG D
"PL[HWNG PHLD RGNG O LHFLHG JTHS HGQ E
"GFH]Q FYLN GOHUH PC ]CKJ DL[ZQG F
G[IUG O]HN FUH JDIQ O LSHWY [LZQ GFHGL LD[D LTHL LD[ L[DFO PLFZ LFZ ]KLJ RLSUO RHWY C
JDIQG M[L CHG P Z[ JDIQG FESN
FESN HSLC PEG JDIQO GD[UQ JDIQOH POHCG RLD LSHWYG ZOJG VC VLTHQ RHUQ LD[D [IUOC LD[
COC RHWY HSLC QQ JDIQOH POHCG RLD G[IUG PH[FD JDIQG ON [QHCG ]UFOH@ JDIQG O LSHWY [LZ
>IO C[QE LWU JDIQOHPOHCGRLDO RHWYQ
LSHWY ZOJ O JDIQG FESNQ GJ[IQ OC[L LOE[H PLSGNG LOE[ ]TL[F PHZQ VC VLTHQ LD[
JDIQG ]C GCH[ HSLC LWO HD[UQQH POHCO RHWYQ [QHON OHTW ]HWLOJG ]LDQ PLSWO PLFHQ ONG
L[ PQ
>GFHGL LD[D LTHL LD[N COF JDIQOH POHCG RLD [WG ]KLJ ][NQG HS]SQ P]T@
IK
CQHL ]NTQ PHNLTO ]HDH]H ]HOC
LFZ ]KLJO [N LJ[IQG POHCG GYZ FU G[IUG J[IQQ LSHWYG ZOJG ON LD[N GNOG
D[UQH J[IQH LSHWYG JDIQG [LZQ ZOJG CZHF HL[DFQ PLZLLFQ L IKHKG G[LJDG ]LD PDQ[ PLFZ
DZULO ]QC KLH] U G[IUG OON O LSHWYG FYG ON COH RHWY DJS HO
D[UQO ]HSHW HLSWH PH[FO HC[N FQHU [WG G[IUG RHWYD H]KLJ PHZQD GUS H[W OU LHFLHG D
HLFL L] MQHTH D[UQO HLSWH J[IQD FQHU RGNG LLDC PLOOE XLD[L CQ G[LIE RHWY LWON HL[HJCH
][JCG HFL OU ]JCG HFL JLSL CO GI OOND JDIG RLDO HSLD XYHJ [DF CGL COH JDIG ]HS[Z L] RLD
GFH]QH PLSHC[D CDHQ NH]
[WG GLG PGL[DFQ GC[S LH HO GSHWY COC JDIQG FESN PSLC [WG L[HJC D]N L[ C
PLZLOC HSD[H R]SHGL HSD[ CF PDQ[ U PH[FRHWY RHHLND HD[UQD JDIQG FESN FQHU
PL[QHC L VCH LJQZ L[O OC[L ]FHDU LWU QQ GNLQTG RQID GUS LHFLHG PL[DFG ]HKW D
RLIH[ L[EGH Q PLJDI IL[EG LWU LHFLHG M[HYO COC GSLC HIG GNLQTG O G[ZLU ON
OU ]HJSHQ HLFLN GFH]Q HSLC D]N LQ LH EO[ QU GUF RSHJ DFN FFZQ UUH
L[O GQ] GFHDU LWU GFH]QH GWHWN H]QHZH ]HWHWN HLFLH GQLCD FQHU COC QQ RD[ZG
LHFH M[U ]LFHQO] YSCD CDHQ L]LSDSD
RLD JKG FESN JDIQO ]LSHWY FQHU GLG JDIQOH POHCG RLDN GSQG ]T[E HSL IO C[QED@
PLFZ LFZ ]KLJ PHZQ HSLCH G[IUG PH[FD LHSD JDIQ [DHTG DZUL RD [IULOC LD[NH JDIQOH POHCG
H]KL [HCDD UH JDIQOH POHCG RLD D]N PDQ[G ODC RLDN C[GH EQTG HZL]UG RNH
> JDL PLUES CHIJD
CS [WN PD LQOH[LD PG CSC L]LDH LSC MLSWO L]CKJ L]UW L]LHU PG CSC GFH]Q FYLN E
n
LN MFDU GQ ][H]D DH]NN L]LDH LSC MLSWO L]CKJH L]UWH L]LHU PLCKJOH PLUWOH ]HSHUO
FUH POHUO H]HNOQ FHDN P MH[D HL[JC PLSHU RGH [WNL GIG PHLD
LSD ]SHU ON ]C HLOU GFH]GH JO]QG [LUD [QCS RN C]LL[DD [LCQ LD[NH HS]SQ GQ]T RN
PL[QHC PLQNJH GCKJH UWH RHU CS [QHC CHG GQD RNH P]CKJ ONO PGLUW ON ]CH OC[L
PU HSCKJ [QHC CHG FHFD RNH PLF[QH ]HSHFI ]HEE FDNG OC OZG RQ L]UWH L]LHU L]CKJ [QHC
OCLSFD RNH GQOD RNH HSU[G HSLHUG HSL]DC
[QCH GD[ LSWD GDL]G LSWO [DU FJC OU H[WLTH PLQNJ L[DFN GNOG D[ [QC OCHQ [D GD[ [QC
RN [DHT LSC [LCQ LD[N HO [QCH [LCQ LD[N EGSH PLQNJ ]UF DIU OU GD[ H[LUGH [LCQ LD[N
[HQCN GQ ][H]D [QCS
ET QU ]CLE YL[G ]UF RNH GLFUT D[H XWJ D[ LHKOW D[ [LCQ LD[N HZTW L PLSHCEG RQ
GF LQH[Q UH CD[O PFC H]HC DLG HQNH HS]SQ GQ]T RN LN DT ELGSQG WNHL [HKLUG
EGD VL[ RHCE C[L[ D[ LWU GD[ L[DFNH D[ ]C[HGNH PLQNJN HKZS PLZTHWG [C ODC
EGSQG RN CDKL[GH R[G HD]NH DU[ RDQ[ PDQ[ MH[UG OCSSJ HSD[ K[ GU EQT
RNH IL WNGHL OL[GQ LEGSQD CHG RNH C[ TH]H PLSL TH] HZTW RNH PGL]HSLFQD
UWH RHU CKJ PL[HWNG PHL LHFLHD [QHO GCN[] JHC MH[U RJOD ZTWS
EZT FWZ] G[H[D GSQ HSLUWH HSLCKJ [DUGH GJQ HSNOQ HSLDC ]OLW]D [QHO L RNH
HSL]CKJH HSLUW PL[HFLTD JTHSG POHCH
IL
]UF VTHL
][WNDH GIG PUG CKJ C S C D[HJD G[QCS G[WNN G CSC D [QCS CGL LHFLHG PLQNJ H[FH
G ] L F W [ C O C [ L M Q U O [ W N [QCS GWH[U GOEU
MQUO [WN GOLW] RHO CHG MQGD [QHC G CSC FDOQ CHG LHFLHG HD J]HW GI CSC
PL[WQ OC[L
[LU ][WNN [DFQ DH]NG PL[DF ][WND HFUD [WNH H]LD FUDH HFUD RGNG [WNQ GI LHFLHD
[WG KJS PFHZ [WNH [QCS L[GH JO]QG
L] JLSQH D[UQO HLSWH J[IQD FQHU CHGH D[UQO HLSWH RHWYD HFLQUQ PLFZ LFZ RD[Z CLDQG PFC F
KZO RHU GOHU OUH PC RHU PC OUH ]CKJ RHHU ]CKJ OU GFH]QH JDIG ]HS[Z RLD HLFL
GOHU RLC [QHC CDLZU LD[ LOLOEG LTHL LD[ L[DF GZJQ L[H TH]G ]T[EN LSU [UQH GCWH GJN
GUO Z]LS GU] CO OUH GU OU COC GCD
GUO PLZ]LS PSLC LSWQ PGLOU PLZHO PLLSU ]HS]QF RLHCO [DHT CDLZU LD[ P]ZHOJQ C[QED H[CDH
PC HLOU PLZHO RLC [DT LOLOEG LTHL LD[ HOLCH HCOG OU [DU [JCO COH C[ZLUQ UQQ DIU] LN
HCO O GQHF HSLCH HCOG [JCO [QCS CHGH OLCHG PLZHO RLC C[ZLUQ GUGN PE [DHT PHQ
LSWQ HC G[H] OK [WTD C[QED [JC H[LW UH GLQ[L LD[ HLOU PLZHO RLC GODSF HCOD [DHT RNH GQLTJF
ZLTG RN GUO Z]LSG HCO GI L[GH PLLSUG O ]C OKSH HCOG OU [DU [JCO UQQ DIU] H]UFO
LLDC
LH] GUO Z]LSG HCO OUH GU OU ][WNQ GOHUG LOLOEG LTHL LD[O RLD CDLZU LD[O RLD C
LTHL LD[N PLKZHS [CHDQ GI LWOH UQQ HNU DIU] [CHDQ ]HNQ ]NTQD CLEHTGQ D
FW[ GU] CO EQTGH DC PLLSU ]HS]Q PDQ[G HZTW RNH GUO Z]LSG HCO CHG LOLOEG
C PLU[I R[GC [ ]SQ UH ]HNOG LKHZO
RLD CDLZU LD[O RLD GCWH GJN KZO RHHU OU ][WNQ GOHU GLQ[L LD[ L[DFD TH]G H[LWO E
GD [QCS >GWL[KO RLFG CHG [WCH@ GOLDSF HCO LWON COC HZOJS CO LOLOEG LTHL LD[O
][WNQ GSLC CDLZU LD[OH ][WNQ EGL[O HZ]SQ GUG RLC PEG HCO G [JCO GU
PHZQD LHYL[H RHZL] PGO L@ GUO Z]LSG HCO OUH GU OU Z[ ][WNQ GOHU TH]G HD]N F
GC[S L[ ]UFD HOLCH ]HZOQ PGD RLC RLHCO [C OU COH >GUG PHLZ LFL OU [JC
GUZ CJ JHC GQ ]H[EC U HLOU RLZHO RLC HCO ON OU ][WNQ GOHUG
]HSD[ZG OND L]UWH L]LHU L]CKJ [QHC UQQ HKE ]HSD[ZG GUQ PDQ[G L[DFQ G
L[IU LDC LWU FDOD ]CKJ RHHU OU GFH]Q ]CKJD GFT MHSLJ]JSQG L[DFN COF GIH
RHU HLHFLHD [LNIGO ML[Y EEHD CKJ OU GFH]QN PE PL[DF LHFLH OND CHG RN P D]NH CC GDH]
L[LCQ UH F[QH RHFI O XQ D[HUQ GEED CKJD PE [WC LN UWH
RLC HGON GU OU GNLQT ]UD GFH]Q PLHTQ CKJ OU UFHL HSLC HOLWC GOHU CLDQG H
PHL H]HCD ]HOHU L] CLDQ HOLWCH FHKZ MHSLJ ]JSQ LWU GU OU [DU CO PFC MO
HDO GSWQN ]HLFLQ] ]HHYQQ GQHFNH G[H] FHQO] ]HYQN GU OHKLDQ OYSLGO CC
QU RLDG ]SZ] LWU GU ]HYQ OKDQ GOKDO FJC UE[
L[LCQ HKE ZGUQ PDQ[ LWU JD L[DF HLOU [QHC GC[S COC PLFH]Q RLC PLQO RD[Z OU I
PLQO OU VC PGL[DFQ GC[S LH EN ]LSU] R]LC GWYQH CHDE DNO DLGF L[D PE UH
G OLUO RDOG L[H] P OC[L [HCQH C[GQ EN ]LSU] L[U PLFH]Q
JL