GCQHK HC ]D ]LLJF RLF [ZLU LWON CSHG D[ L[DF PL[WQ GC[S PDQ[GH L[ L[DFQ HOLCH
GN[UQ OU CO VC ]DD OHJ O PL[FWH PL[DC PL[LKZQ RLC GD[O H[]H]LS PL[DC ][KZGD
PL[LKZQ RLCH ]DD PL[LKZQ CFTJ D[OH >[DN [HCG PGD GOQ HOLWC PDQ[D UQQH@ ]QLLZ
FHUH KNHNZ CHIJ LWU GCQHKD
G[]HG H GLHJF L[FED R]QH CQ
[HDLYD CLG GLHJFF GCQHK [HDLYD CLG G[]HGF ]D
DU
KD JFT[ MHSLJ ]JSQ FLF FZQ ]CLD MOQG [U CW ROGO DLYSG LHFJ IO EJ XD] U GCQHKDH ]DD
CJ TLESD [I[EG LHFJ GSZ UFH GF GT QHJ KJSZ JHC [IS LSDC KO DJ PL[LQ DDHF GW JHC [WHT P]J ]H
DLCL PL[HND GCLQJ L[IU LDC IK
[HDLYD CLG G[]HGF ]D
]DD LN FJCF CI[ ]D ]HYQ GQYUD CLG HIH FJC OC[L PLUS [HDLYG RD[Z LFL OU LN
]HCS G[]HG COC GLHJF CO RNOH RN PE ]D ]HYQ PLLZQ [HDLYG RD[ZD RN OU PHO ONG
[IS LSDC OUDQ NZ QU CJ CFG
IQ VF LLQJ Z[W FTD
GFHDU GNOHGG VCH GOHTW OCQD GFHDU LW OU VC HOCQD VNG ]CH HSLQLD G]JQG ]C OKS
C[QED [CHDQN [JC RWHCD [WC LC LSWQ OCQD VNG OKHS RCN L[H GN H ]HJSQ KQ ROGOFNH CLG
CF WNGHLU PDQ[ KQ LH] LWU OCQD VNG ]CH RLQLD GQJGH GFDNG PLOJEG ]]JQ OHKLO HJ[N OU
HOONQ []HG OCQ P ]HJSQD H[QC HQNH HI GFHDUD OCQ G[H] G[L]G JNHQ [WC COFQ HSLLGH LQOH[LD CHG RNH
>CHG C]L[HCFQF [CHDQ P C[QED RSD[FQ GOHTW OCQD GNOHG FFY GQD GQL]H P QTN UH@ WNGHLD
GFHDU GSLC G]JQG ]NOHG LN [DFG PUKH OCQD G]JQGH RLQLD VNG RLFG RQ MLOHGO M[YS GLG [WC GLG HOLC UQQH
LWU IN OLUOFN OCQD G[NH PFG ]NOHGN GFHDU GSLC ]HSD[ZO PLYUG ]NOHGNH RD[Z L[LNQ COC RSLC PLOJEG LSWQ
FFN FHF FZQ KLH]
CLG C[DTH OLCHGH ]JC GFHDU R]NOHG RLCH FHJO G]JQ ]FHDUH FHJO VNG ]FHDU [D]TQ CLG GFHDU PC VC OL G[HCNO
]FHDUO COC VNG ]FHDUO OCQ []G [QCS CO MJ[N OU NC C[QED H[QC HQN OCQD G]JQGH RLQLD GDHJG VNG
CDHQN OTW PWLOJG PCH@ VND [QCS []GGH RLQLD G]JQG G[H]G ]SHHN [WO NU ][JC [WC LC OOED Z[ G]JQG
COH CU[CD CDLYL C[QED HZG RDHQ GIDH >VNG ]FHDUD COC OCQ []G HSLYQ CO [HQCG PUKGQ HSLLGH LQOH[LD
C[DTG PHQ Z[ MND H]HHYQH OCQD PGQ FJC OHKLO NUF X[]O [WC GLG GI FYQ LN GOHTW OCQD GFHDU COGH HOC
[JC RLSUD [LW KLH]DH OCQD GOKHS PC OHTWO HZG RLQL GSHUK VNG
HQYU CHG HC [JC RGN@ JLSL [QHON OHULOH GOU >G]JQO@ GL]JSH HLSWHJD ][HKZO GLOZS
PLZLOC LD[ TSNLL MNH HLSWJD ][HKZG OU G]JQG ]C >CDKL[ HLSLD
CNZ
]UF VTHL
GSLWT RLUN GOUQO ]HJH]W R[LCQH HLFLD RWHJ COC HI OU HI RYWHZH HLFL L] MLQTQ HSLC GSLWJG ]OHUWD GC[S G[HCNO
]HJH]WG HLFLD ][HKZG OU G]JQG JLSGO [WC HZG HGIH FNH
MN PHQH GOUQOQH GKQOQ HIO HI HLFL D[ZQ GSLWJD ]HQHZQ GQNQ JLNHGO D]N LWOH GFD PL[HCDH PLHFJ [WTD POHCH
]J] HGON PYU JLSL X[L]H GHNLL COGH HFL OU PLOJE ]]JQ R]LO OHNL FYLN RCN C[QEG ]LHZ OU GLOZS GFD GZG
HLFL ]HW[O GLG OHNL CQOLF HC GF JQ ROGO TH]G HD]N GQ LWO RN [QHO HSJ[N OUH HLFL RLDH GSLD FFHDO G]JQG
HFLD [C] G]JQGH GWY[G OU JHS] ][HKZG
GSLWJG [TJ]H G]JQO ][HKZG RQ KUQ ZDFL LCFH COG FHUH RD[ZG OU G]JQG JLSGO CU[C J[HC HCO LN HH[LW JL[NGO D]NH
M[HY CLG PE G]JQGH [JCQ X[C M[F RH[TJ RCN RLC GC[SH ][HKZG OU G]JQG JLSQ [WQ PLZLOC HSD[ [HQCN POHC
J[NG RLC GC[S RNH >PLJTWF HWD JTWG OU GKLJ RLNT ]CDG [DFO [NI@ GCLDGO ][JC M[F HO RLC PE GQ GHYQG
LQQ [DF ZDFL
]WTHS FL HO RLC L[GH JQ ROGO U ]HWHWK C[ZS GQ [UO RN]L CO ]HJH]W RG PC LN ]H[HET HLFL JL[NGO D]N GQH
HIDH HID RWJ ROGO HZW]TS GIQ JLNHG GQH G[H]D PL[HUL [CN GCH[ O H]UF LWN PL[UQ GC[S HOFHED ZHJQO
GC[S PGLSLD GQ [TJ L[G FHJO ]JC OND RWHJN GSLWJ [HUL RLC COG PLFL ]JL]WD GSLWJG PCH HGQ HI OYC HI RD[ZH
PGLSLD GQ COO ]HF[WS PLFL L] [HULD LF MN [JC RNLQTGOH ]HZJH[Q PLFLD RHWJO [N FYG LWO
][LETD HSLLG GSLWJG GUQ [QHO L LN ]HJH]W HLFL RWHCD CLG GSLWJG J[NG RLC OSG PLZLOC [ H[LWQ [LUGO LH
ROGO U OHTW HLSWJQ GWY[G OU [IW]S KHZSS PC PE [D]TQ LN ][HKZG OU G]JQG JLSGO LFN RJ]HWO LC[ DHH PLFLG
][HKZG GCYL CO ON COC ]NQ]Q GSLWJ ]OHUW ML[Y RLC VND ][HKZG R]LO RLC C[QED G]U PLKZHS GQ LWO PEH JQ
[N HLFLQ
N CHGH RLDZ ]UD[C GLG ]LJQZ RD OCUQL LD[ O HLSWHJ COQ H[QC GQQ ]HJH]W PLFLG G[HCNO JLNHGO L COC
]LJWS PC VCH@ ]H[HET PLFLD GIN JWS RN]L FYLNH [KLO N GLQLUFH JOYG ]KLOH GKLUQQG GKLO HSLQL ]HFQD [KLO
GKLO RLLUO L RWHC ONDH >GZ RLLFU PLZLOC HSD[ ]L[DFQ GFQD HOOG RLDZ GUD[C PL[QHC L LN ]H]
CO RWHCD ]HOHFE HLFL HLG [QHO ZJHFH ]HHFE COH ]HWHWK G]JQG COQ ROGO H[QC GQ LWO GOLFEQG
PHQ OUD LHG G[HCNO IC LN OON LUDK
QH HLJC DDL TSNSH HLFED OU HLWQ C[HSLY GI]SH ZHD FJC LD[U PU PL[DF [WLT ]JC PUW
PLQNJ H[LQJG COC FHDUO LFN GOLDKD LF RLC RSD[FQ COC GSLC L[NS ]CQHK LW OU VC HL]J]
RGO HNL[YG RSD[F ]HCQHK GQN L RNH@ PGL[DF ONO PLDIN PHCU PHQ Q D[UG ML[YGO
GCL G[W EC ]H[GK [ KY PLJDI CN GELEJ TH] LWU >Q D[UG
RGNG CQKS PC PL[HGK [JC PL[IJQ RLCH@ L[QEO [HDLYD G[]HG GCQHK [QCF RCQO RLLUO L
]Q ]CQHK CZHF HCOH [HDLYD H[]HG HWHEQ ]HCYHL RSLC ]HCQHK ON [QCF RCQOH > H OLUO UQQ
"HL]J] [JC TSNS UHFQ DN PLJDI
GS]LS CO [HGK CHGN [WC MNOG PL[JC PLFED HO HLG COH CHG COH HLFED HCQKS [QHO ML[YH
CHGN NCQ@ G[GKD [JC RGND ]HUO [WC [CN PLCQK PLFEDD QO ]HJFO GCQHK
NLWUCH HLFED CQKQ ]Q CQK ON L[G [HGK RGN [JC PL[IJQ RLC HLFED HCQKS PC PE CQK HQYU
RHLU ML[YH >[HGK [JC PL[IJQ RLC
LC RHIJ LWU HOLC DL[ZGO TSNS HLJC [WO L GCQHKD HOLC ]C DL[ZQ RGNG RLC KHZSS PCH
LWN
U
ELHNZ
RLCH GF DQZ QHJ [IS LSDC DIZ MH[D ]JSQ UU
DNZ
IQ VF CQHL
[HDLYD G[]HG GCQHK [QCF RCQO HOLWC PL[HWNG PHLD OHFE RGN GSH D]N PLSHC[G RQ LH
GCQHKO ]Q ]CQHK RLD PLZOJQ LH GFHGL HSLD[ PD H OLUO C[H] HL]J] [JC QQ RGNG CQKS PC
WNGHLD QQ ]Q ]CQHKD CQKS PC GC[S LOH P C[H] RHOD U VHEG RQ ]CYHLG
DH DDL TSNS COH HLJC VTHL TSNSH HLOU H[QC DHH HL]J] QH HLJC DDL TSNSH
PLSLZ]Q MN PHQ QO UHDZ GI GCH[N OHFERGNG O H]UF ]OHJ PHQ HC ]Q [QHO L
PL[HCDH PLHFJ C[GQ ]HFEC LHFJ PLSL TH] UU FL[H] [JC
PLZLOC HSD[ L[DFQ [L]HL COH [TJL CO LQS LC G]FQ G]LG MNH
[]HL COH ]HJW CO RGNG O HLSWJ COQO ]QC]HQ G]LG VNG ]FLQ [CHDQ L[ [WQ RN
H[W PGH GNH]O HLSWJQ G[UQN GYHJG [IW]L CO LFN GOHFE VN ]HUO VLFU HD]N TH]G POHCH
UUH [L]HL COH [TJL CO ZHLFD HLSWJ COQ >VNG O CO@ ][HKZG O G]FQ G]LG MN
[WCH CUT KQ ROGOH GSQD
PL[HCDH PLHFJD
HSLS COG XQHZG OOND PLSLDG RLD PC VCH PLSLDG RLD [FGH GOJ] GLFHJO XQHZ [LKZQ DU
t
GYQHZ [LKZG HN ]HJSQD
FL[H] G[N PLQUW
RLD HQN@ ]LINQ G]HJWG ]HQN F[WSD [LKZQ LW OU VC CNKN ]HJSQ LC RHIJD JLNHG RCNQ
PL[H[LWG PLW[KYQ ]LIN ]JC PUWD [LKZQH OLCHG [N ]LINQ ]HJW G[KZG RLC COGH >PLSLDG
]KLD ]NOHG HS]LEHT ZHJFO ML[Y HL[DFOH ]HNOG LKHZO [WTD D]N HQN COF GIH ]LIN H]HCO
U ]LIN ML[Y RLC HN ]HJSQD [DHTG C[QLQG OUD CHG RSJHL LD[
CO L[G G[KZG PL[H[LWG ][KZG ]DJS ]LING NJCH GOLJ] PL[H[LWG [LKZG PC HOLWC UHQO L CHIJG FLWOH
CJLS PG XQHZ PC CG G[KZGO GYLQZ RLD H[TJ PLL[L OHGH HGSLS PLL[L PLLSLDG RLD CQOLF PHQ COC C[QED HJ
]LIN PGD RLC PEG
HGSLS PL[L CQOLF CL[D PLSLDG RLD ][QC LCF PLSLDG RLD [FGH GOJ] GLFHJO XQHZ [LKZQ
]JC ]DD PLSLDG RLD PU XQHZG [LKZQ HSLCH >G[KZGO@ GYLQZ RLD H[TJ PL[L HGO HHGH
G[KZG PFHZ H[TJ CYQS PLYUG OU XQHZG JSHG PFHZ [TJSH V[S PLL[LGQ KUQ COG LN
[HTC ]JC]DD [WC PE PL[HTC PLL[LG [WC ]JC ]DD PLCD RH[TJGH G[KZGG PC HOLWCH
H[LKZ] ODD CHG L[G PLCO HSQQ ON PHQ
LWU GIQ GI PL[IW]Q PLZOJG PLQUW LN PFHZ PLSLDG RLD HOWL CQ PLHJ [QHO L LNG HCODH
ILDN ]HJSQ LC RHIJ
ENZ
GYLQZ RLSUO PN GC[S G[HCNO KWS CO ZWTG HGQ HLSWJ COQ O PLSLDG RLD CWW D[ LUD
TSNL] CO LFN PLOHFE PLSGN LHSLQ RLSUO RLFG MN ZWTG RQ ZO]TGO LFN PLSQ PLSGN HNL[YG
GSLWJ RLSUO RG GI RLSU ON KLQG PDQ[GH PHZQ PHD GI RLF [NIS CO MC ]HUDYCG RLD ][HKZG
FFN FHF FZQ LDY [G L[LCQD UUH GFH] JDI XDUL[ ]HGEG LWU RHLU ML[YH GYLQZ RLSUO RG
GYLQZ PL[LNQH PLZOHJ PLQNJ ODC GCIHU RD UHGL LD[ ]UFO COC HSLC GI ZWT D]N LQ LH
XQHZG OOND PLLSLDG RLD TSNSG ONH R]LLW[GD HC ]HUDYC ZHFLGD RGNG GY[L RWHC OND GSLWJ HC
U GF LQH[Q LWU CHG
]UF VTHL
PGLSLD HGQ TSNLL XWJ PFC RLCH HID HI ]HUEHS ]HUDYCG PHZQ HSLLG PLLSLDG RLD GC[S
PE [FHJ HJ[N OU PLQUWO COC HIO HI ]HZFHGQ HL]HUDYCN GSLWJO HC GYLQZO HLFL TLSNQ CHGH
HQNH ]HUDYCG LFYD HSHY[ FES P ZDFS LN GJLZO DJS GI RLC RNOH JQZ HC ][HKZ KUQ PO
PL[HCDH PLHFJ GJLZO DJS RLC XHJDQ ZDFSG
[LW LQ L POHCH GJLZO ]DJS GSLC PHZQ OND GSHHN COO GOLKS OU RCNQ JLNHG Q CJ [DF DLQ ]HD UUH
G[H]D ]HLU [CN HI L[G JZOH G[H] G[QCH OLCHG >GSHHN LOD VC GJLZO ]DJS POHUOH@ GSHHN RH[TJ PHQ L[ L[DF
LUD GF KQ ROGO TH]D UUH LDY [G LWU GSHHN ]HNL[YG
PSHONH PD]NN
ZHD FJC LD[U PU PL[DF [WLT ]JC PUW ]LJQZ RD OCUQL LD[ OU HLOU H[QC
GLGH HLOC D[ZQ GLG G[LDU [DU PFC GC[ R[GC PC DL R]S LD[F ]HDCD C]LC GSG
GDH] GUH LQU [DFQ GLG CO L]LU GQ UFHL R[GC GLG HOLC LO LHC [QHC LCG H]HC
P UQQH ]LJQZ RD OCUQL LD[ OU HLOU H[QC CQHL TG L[DF [WO L HS[QC GQDH
CYL GL[WG LQL ]UD [JC PL[HWNG PHLD MLC CQL]H GIN GUQ FHUH PL[HWNG PHLD GLG
PEH OC[L OU ]HQHCG HKO ]UD GLG LO [LDTQ L]LLG FLQ]H LHE PU [DFO FZQG ]LDQ
L RLCH[NF MHJG RQ [HCG RH[]LF UHFLF ]HKLWD [WO L OSGOH OHFE ZJHF GI
OC[L ]OUQ ]HC[GO ML[Y GLG OHFERGNG GSGH [HCG ]OUQ ][NLS MHJ ]HCLYQD
]HCLE ELG LCFHDH LHEG PU [DFOH ]CYO GI GUQ GU RN OU PLQD HSLDC LSWO PDGCOH
R[GC PC OC[L ]OUQ PHZQG LSWO GC[G GID HQU [DFL GIG PHLG OHFE RGN GIQ FCQ
OC[L PLLHC[ RN PCH HD[ZD HDO [DSH OSN HQYU KUQQ FHU GLG FJC PU [DFQ GLG RGNG
EU[] ]HNHT OCHQQ P ]HDHK ]HUWG ONOH PLDHK PLLJOH GN[DO
UUH WNGHLD ZHD OHFE RGN MOG GC[S RLC LN PL[HWNG PHL D[UD GI GLG LQOH[LGQ CLDG C[GQG
LQOH[LG ]SHHN [LW ]HLJ X[GQ POHCH GL[W LQL ]UDD H]NOQ EGNG ]CLYL ]HFHC EL OLUO CDHQD
UU ][JC
L[U LUOZ L]LD ]H[HZ HC[ CO LQLQ
]UD HOLWCH ZHD Z[ CHG C[ ]UH[W [HTLCGF GNL[Y GSLC GOUD LSWD C[G LHTLN
ODC ]LJQZN ]HUO HOLWC CNLC [HFLGH GLSDH GOUD LSWD G]LDD [HTLC PH CNLO G]HFLS
RGL]HS HLG CO PLCS]G RQIDH PLQFHZG ]H[HFD HOLWCH HOCN ]HUHSY CNLC HSUQ CO
DLIO GJ JHC GQ ]H[EC ]LJQZN ]HFLJL COC RN ]HEGHS
GDLG GIN FHZ U[IO G]NI GQD GHOCNH ]LJQZ GUQN ]EGHS G]LG LCRHIJG O HQC [WHTQ@
GC[ ]H[U G]LD ]H[HZ HC[L CO LFN RLFT RGLFLDH GDLDT ]HFQHU PLS L] HLG C[G ]WLWJ ]UD
FHUH FT QU CJ [HFG [CW [WTD CDHQN PLLJXWJGO XLO[Z Q[EG GSD [WLT RN
PLZLOC HSD[ H[WD UUH ]HTNO GOHNL G]LG GUD HSLLG HC[ CO POHUQ RCN LH]G L[DFQ [LUGO LH
XLDOCHQ J[EO [THQ ]HJL UUH CQOUD OIQ COC GI GUQD LHO] [DFG RLC PLQNJ GHDLG GQ LWO
>EO] IN DO] HK
FNZ