L[CD RN HSLYQ COH MN HN[F LZO L[ Z[F HSKD HN[F [QHO ML[YH [WHT ]HUK PSKD
LZO L[F [QHO ML[YH GOU KLLO ODL[ FLZ[WC GF FL GFS TH]D CDHQG MH[UG H[LWOH
M[HY GILCO OON RDHQ RLC P PEH >GI LFL OU PQJ]L CO GLWSD JKD CHGF HC GLOU ELOW
GNOG O R]QH CQ RLSUD HOLWCH CLHZ G]HC GZGN HLUQ OU DHN GLG GI H[LNIG
M[HYO CO [HWLTD RN ON G[YZ M[FD PFC GSL POHUO H[QC GQYU
C [U
PLLJG [YHC [WTD L]LC[ GQ LWO KW LW OU HSKD OU H]DLN M[F PUK GC[SH
ONHC LZO L[ GLG LWOH OHNLUO ULLTQH [IHU GI ]HUF OG PDQ[G L[DF H[WDH H G[LZJ
ON L]D]N HQN HGIH GCHW[G M[F OU GIO M[YHG IQ RLKED L[ L[DFQ GC[SN GD[G
Z[ HJ ]HS]DU[ ]FLQ GSLCH HQYU ]CSGO COH GHFZD ONG ]HSD[Z ]D[ZGN G]LG H]OLNC
RD[Z HQN CHG GQ RN ONH IS PLJTW U LCDGF RD RSJHLD ]HSD[ZG ]OLNCD H[QC M[FN
JDIQG OU D[Z HQYU
GSLQ HCOF G[N RLOHJ PO ]CKJ HOLWCH PL[N RQO CO HJDIS PLJDIG ON HQN GSGH
CG] HOLWC ]HSD[ZN H]OLNC HLUQ MH]D LH[ HFZ HOLCN GNHI LQ PE MN GD DL[JQ CO
POHUG RQ GSGS CO HQYU OU [QC LD[N ]HLGO PLNHI ONG CO GCSG ]SHHN PUW GILC HO
OU G[HQ LGHUQ OU LQ[F HGIH PL[N RQO CO PHZQ ONQ GSKZ UDYCD HOLWC GIG
PC GZGH PL[N GQO CO HOLWCH PLQ LFZ CHG HTL[N LUQ HL]HOLNC ]HFZ
"PL[N PG UHFQ RHY[O PSLC PCH RN PE HY[L HLSWO PG PL[N
J]WO GSHHNG G[HQ HI RHO ]HNL[C LCWSO CJ]W CSC J]WC MN [JC [QC HGIH
CHG GI [DF [H[LD [QHON >CL L GOLEQD GI M[F OUH@ GI [DFO GDC]H GCQYG HWSO J]W
GIH CHG PE GYH[QH HLZOCO HFZ GQO CO G PE ]HLGD HWS ]HFZ [HO JH]W J]W
GOHU GDFS RD[ZNH CLG GDFS NWUC ODC H[FS LFL ]CYO Z[ HSLLG GDHJ PO GOU CO
PNJFLQO]G ]OLNC RN HQNH G LSWO RHY[O RN PE
LSWQ ]LSU]D DLO LC[ PNJ FLQO] RLC CL ]LSU]D L Z O L [ O H[QCQ ]C IQ[ M[FD [WO L
CWHE GOLNCD PLQ ]NCOQ Q USQS ]LSU]G LU H]OLNCD ]FJHLQG HN[F LWO PLQ ]NCOQD KUQQ
DH[Q ODT LW OU VC HJD ULFHGO HLUQ OU OKHQ GLG H[LNIG ][JC M[FD [W L
]LDQ HQYU USQ CO NWUC COHJQ HC L[N LT[N LZO L[ [QC IQ RLKED U HSQH
HS]SQ ]SDGD ZLQUGH J[K HSKD OU MWG]GO M[YHG FU HLDHCNQH HL[HTL ON PUH [FQG
HQYU ]LQQ LQD COC PLQLLZ]Q G[H] L[DF RLC EW ]D HQYUD CHG [QC GQ GID PLLZH
]C PFC USQL OC POHUO [QCQG P HNQTH OGCD ]HQL LN PFC G[H]G ]CI [QCS GLOU
[LG [HC G]LQ ]UD HOLWCH ]JC GU HOLWC G[H] L[DFQH [FQG ]LDQ HQYU
H VF
QHJ VLTHQ LFZQG RSJHL [ [QC HGDC LD[ [QCGH [QLQ LNLG HGO CLSZ CO ][QC LC COC
PYUO PLN[YS PSLC G[HQ] GHU [WN]Q RSJHL [ L[DF G[HCNO "G[HQ] GHU [WN]QH
R[Z U HGSZ CO PC [LQQ [HLG FYLN GZ [WN]QG COH G[HQ] GHU LFZQG PC PE LN CLHZG
G[HC
KL
]UF VTHL
PLOUD RLF [HLO GS]S G[H]G [QHO PHZQ GLG JHL[ O HSLF COHO [W ZTL[DQ IL[EG POHCH
GH[L ][H] HD RLCH GHDE RHQQ CHG FZGG L[G PYUD RD[ZG ]C [HL HSLC PC PE G[HQ] RLSUO
[ [QC GQ LWO POHCH GHDE RHQQD ]LSHQQ GH[L RLC WUC QHJ VLTHQ [HLG HSLYQ HQNH
]C G[H] G]U GQ OLUHL CO [WN]Q RLF ML[Y COC [LQGO LFN CFL[E ]HOUDD LF RLC RSJHL
]C GSHZ [HLG MJ[N OUH [WN]Q CGL LCS]O ML[Y CWHE PLOUDG PE L[G PLOUDN [HLG
> MQHT [HL RLFQ C[QED HZG CO GQ DLL GIDH@ [WN]Q H]HLGO QQ RD[ZG
PLW]H PSLC LSWQ PL[HLG PLDL[ZQ GJSQ RLSUO MNOG G[WNQ CLWHZQ G[WNQ CO CUDLZQ
DH]NG FLJ RHLN NWUC PL[HQE PLW]H PSLC PEG G[HQ] RLSUO POHC WS OOND GI L[GH PL[HQE
PLS ODC DH]NG RHON FJC [HL COC GDL[ CO [LQL [QG PCH DL]NF G[QGO [HLG ]C ]HD[O
FL UUH U EFL ]HSD[ZG GUQ GSQ PJO LWU PL[HQE PLW]H PSLC WUCH GI RLSUO RLW]HN PSLF
IL[EG LHFJ G[HC R[Z FHF
RHLN RLW]H ]JSQN G]HC PLSF RLC PL[HL LS O GJSQ RLSUO UHFQ [W DZUL ]HOGZ ]HSHLOE DH
G[WN ]HNI MC HO L COC RD[ZG VHE ]C GSZ CO [HLG CSZTQG LWO L[GH ][WNQ GSLC GJSQG
PGLS O GJSQN ]LSHFLS GSLC G[WN GD MLL RLC GJSQ MNOG CLWHZQ
MLL RLCH G[WNO GCD HI L[G GQGD ]CKJ RLFNH PLCLDQ PL[HLG RLC CKHJ ]JSQ KHW [DFN JLSG GC[S G[HCNO
PLSD LSD HI CQH ]HJSQ [CN CKHJ ]JSQ CLDQ [HLG [CHDQ DLGNZ MHSLJ ]JSQ [WTD POHCH OSG PUKG GD
RLW]HG ]JSQ PHQ GDL[Z GSLC RNC
D]N RN [LQGO PL[JC ]H[GO VC OHNL GC[S CLWHZQ [WN]QH ]HLG G[HQ] RLSUO PLOUDN DJS [HLG FJ]S [JCO
DIT EJ [IULJC ]HD
CHG L[G [LQQ HGL[G LLOG PGLJC P[LH H]Q PLW]H PLJC LS HLG RHEN G[QG RLF GLG CO L[HQO PC PEH
EGQ DJ P G[HQ] RLF RLSUO RD[ZG OU PLOUD
RL[N RG G]LQ [JCO RLCDD HSLYQ [IUOC LD[ [QC GQ DHLQH RD[Z PLSHZ PL[HLG RLC CSZTQG LWO UQQH
PE GD[Z GOHUG COC CLWHZ LHYL[ OLDD RD[Z GOLJ]Q DL[ZGO LHC[ RLC QQ CLWHZQ PLY[Q WUC RLY[Q RLCH
GC PLJDI CHIJ OON PLOUD COO
U D Z S CO PSQC RD[ZG PHZQ OND DHLNH RD[ZG ][WN RLSUO RCN [NIHQ CLWHZ H CUDLZ H[LW
]D[ZGD NWUCH HSD[Z ]C DL[ZQ HQYU LFZQG HQN DJS HSLC [HLGH [HLG OLDD FUHSH
[HLG OU PE LHYL[ HSL RD[ZG
HFZGD RD[ZG ]ULDZ [QHON CUDLZQ COH CLWHZQ GU OU ][WNQ DOJ ]CKJ I ROGO RNH@
[CD H[LWG RNH GU OU LHYL[ PE L H]D[ZGD ODC GU ][WNO COH ][N HD L CKJ PO CLG
G[UGD CC C]WTH] OCZIJL RHIJ >]HQHZQ
CLWHZQ [WN]QO CUDLZQ [WN]Q RLD C]HZWS L LFZQ HSLC [WN]Q RLF RLSUO PE [CHDQ S CQHLD [LUGO L
CUDLZ D [WN]QG GI ON RD[ZD GUHDZ GSLC GI O H][WN [QHON
[CDO L GI LWOH ][JC GOHU FHU CLDGO HO LHC[ CLWHZQ COC [WN]S CO ON GI RLFD C]HZWS NQD I ROGO UUH
GFHF[ G[WN HC L[QEO [WNQ PCG H][WN ]HNLCD COC RD[ZG O HFHUL LWON >Z[@ HSLC ZHOLJG ]HKLWD
N
H VF t PLJDI
[JCOF GU GLO GHGF GNLQTF GUC [WLN CO G[WG PFHZF GU [WLN F HCO LCQ
] Q C D GNLQTF GU L[GH [WLN CO HOLCN DH]NG HLOU GOUQ HGQ GI H[LWO [HCD ML[Y G[WG
"[WLN CO
GNLQTF GU OU FLIQD [DU RHLN OON RD[ZG [WLN CO HOLCN DH]NG HLOU GOUQ [WO GC[SH
GLG CO GNLQTF GU OU [WNQ GLG PC ODC [WLN ]QCD MC RD[ZD OON [WN]S CO HOLCN MNOG
U ILDL PLUES LC RHIJ LWU [WLN CO HOLCN DH]NG HLOU GOUQ
LWO PE OSGO MC FHUH P CZU[ [LUG [CN RL]UFCZOTGN [LW GC[S G CQHLD L[ L[DF PLDHLQ GID
ISZ CJ UGC GQ ]H[EC UUH CKJG OU G[HQE G[WN [WLN CO [W]Q ]QCG
CZ ]QLC LCZ MHQTH FHQUD KLJ COF GQN ONF P]G LSC ][QCZ GNLQTF GU CD[ [QC
RLCH GUG OKDQ KJH GUD H[LW RO CLUDLQ CZ CO GKLJ [JCO GKLJ [JCO GU LHG
EUZ FHL [IS LSDC ]HD PE UH GQYU GD[ZGG ]UD HC GD[ZGG PFHZ CKJ OU [WNQ RD[ZG
COC [WNQ RLC LN G[LDU G]HC OU [WNQ WNGHL RLC G[LDU ]UD WNGHLD ]Q PFC EL ]HUHDD HSLYQ GID CYHLN@
HI C[DT [DHT HSLC HQYU CD[ P UQQ G[HCNO POHCH QQ GU G]HCD COH G[WNG ]U PFHZ G]US G[LDU OU
>JG ]H]L[N PL[HCDH PLHFJ P ]HUHD ]HLJ X[GQ LHFJDH HK DJ DZUL ]HOGZD UUH OLH
GKLJ [JCO GKLJ [JCO GU LHG CZ ]QLC LCZ MHQTH FHQUD KLJ COF GQN ONF
LSWO GU CLG [QCS PC PE COG HI C[DTO M[YHG GQ PO RLLUO L RO CLUDLQ CZ CO
OU ][WNQ GOHU RLC COGH MHQTO HO GLG RN PC GKLJO PFHZ GDH] GU CO LCFH L[G GKLJ
" I ROGOFN GDH]D COC GU
GKLJG LSWO CKJ PC GKLJ [JCO GU OU COH GKLJ PFHZ GU OU [WNQ PC RCNQ JNHQH
GFH] JDI [WLN G[WNG [ZLU CLG GZL[IG LSWOH GKLJG [JCO GDH] GUH
GDH]G RLC RWHCD PE L[LLQ CO LNF GDH] RH[TJ PHQ X[]O ZJHF C[QEO GC[S OL GLC[G ]HJFO L G[HCNO
RGNG Y[G KZS HQN G[WNO GOHU ML[Y GI RHEND VC GC[S ][JC GEE HC GJN OOED MQT CO RHEN ]DNUQ
JJG ]UF CQH U[ [FED HSLC L[G CDHNLUO GDH]G RLC GC[S QQH U LH GFD D ]DG ]]LD T[KSHZD
RHFID GU OU Z[ GCD GOHU
[WO HSJ[N OU CLEHTG MOGQD LJNHSG H[LWG LWO L[G EE RWHCD FLQUGO [WC LC OSG CHIJG H[LWO POHCH
GNLQTO GCU RHOQ OL LNG HCOD PEH FLIQD Z[ MLL GIH GNLQT RH[TJ PHQ RD[ZG [WLN CO HOLCN HLOU GOUQ
RHFID OIOI UQQ GHYQ L[L
HSO GLG CO GL[JCO GUO GKLJ PFHZF GU RLD ZOJO CD[ ][DT COO PSQC [QHOH ]HJFO FUDO PHZQ L RLLFUH
ZW]TGO L [LW G]U ODC GL[JCO GKLJ PFHZ RLD ZOJO CD[ M[YHG MNO NJC HC GKLJ LSWO GDH] GU RLD ZOJO
[WN]Q HSLC GKLJG [JCO Z[ GDH] GU PC PE MN GKLJ [JCO GU OU ][WNQ GSLC PN
GU C[ZLH W[ RDQ[GQ CLDG I ROGO ]QC ]WD L]LC[H L]D GEED GU OU ][WNQ GOHU PCG GOCG VHEOH
J[NG RLC GC[S GLG CWG L[DF COHOH >EEHD GNLQT OHKLDD RCN [DHFQ RLC LCFH ILWOH@ OON G[WN ML[Y RLC EEHD
LHY[ CKJ LWUC EEHG LN FLIQG OU ][WNQ GOHUG G[HQ HO GY[SH DH]NG ]HUQQ D]N Z[ LN RDQ[G ]UFD
JDID D]N GQQ JNHQ GC[S RNH ]DG ]]LD D D]N HQNH EEHG OU PE GY[Q [QHO USQSG RQ RLC POHCH CHG PG
P HSD]N GQ U ]CKJ GF I ROGO GFH]
CN
]UF VTHL
CLDQN C[QEG M[F RN RLCD RG GQO ][YU L[LU COC "HGSLS PLQO ][YU LDN DU
C]LL[DG [QCSn COG LNG HCOD LN GSQQ KHW NJCH GLEGOH GOLJ] G[WO C]LL[D
FHF FL ZHJ[ M[F GID D]N LQ L]LC[H TD DH[O CYQS GIH PHON GSQQ JLNHGO RLCH ]DHQ
VTHL UUH FHUH G RLOHJ CD[ ET CQHL LH] D[UOH GF] J RKZ FUHQ U ]HQHZQ GQND PLSHC[G RN HD]N [DNH
JL ]HN[D ]UF
OI[ L[DFD ]HQHZQ GQND [CHDQH L[W HQN PSHQQ OU TJ LWO DH]NG MTLJ COC
Q[ QU CL M[N ]LFHQO] YSCD KH[LWD U OC[L O PSHQQ OU GTJ LN ]HQLHTQ ]HHYQD GOZG G[H]G
DLCL ]HUHDD CDHQD U
RG GQO R]NHQ RLNT RGLOU GS]QZ RLF ]LD DOF [HDY ]HSD[Z LSC
D[ RLQLQ] RLFWS PLQNJ L[DFO PLQLQ] RLFWS RLC RHUQ [ L[DFO RLDC [D LFLC D[ [QCGH
PGLOU GS]Q FD DO PL[QHC H]UFO COC PLQLQ] PLFWS RLC RHUQ [O [DHT CHG PE X[L] CWW
GDFS ]HOHU HLGL H[]H]LNO FD PLS]Q PLFLQ] PO HFZHG WUC JDIQG ]C PGD XLLZO
PLQLQ] HFWLL OLUHQ GS]Q FD DO PLQNJOH JDIQG XLZO
PLCD ]HSD[Z GFD L[ D]N GQ RLNT GFD TH]G HZG L[ L[DFD G[L]TG ]DHLQ GIDH@
LWO CHG L[DFO GFD MN [JC [W GQ HOLCH CWW D[ ]KLO RHUQ [F CDLOC HGI JDIQG XLZO
PLFZ RCY >GZQG ]UF
LD[ RSJHL [ L[DFQ HJLNHG L[GH CQOF GFTD L[ D]N HQN CSZTQO KWS COH HSLUD ZWTG [CS UHFQ RDHQ GID
LD[ L[DF DLLO L NU COC G[WG [JCO GU OU [WNQ RD[ZG JNHQ RN PCH GS]Q FD DO [DHT HSLC RHUQ
[QHO HFFY ]DD TH]DH ]H[JC PLN[FD HD]N RCN TH]GH XLLZO RLSUO GS]Q FD DO [DHT OSN CWW D[O VC RHUQ
ZWTG KWS CSZTQO
UE[ GQHF RLC DH]NG MTLJ COC GU ONDH ]U OND RGL]HSD[Z DL[ZGO OC[L HLG RLLHC[
[JC [LU ML[Y UE[H UE[ ON OUH G][DJQ GSHQ HI UE[ ]HCLYQ HGSQO
S CJ [THQH GQNJ ]UF MH]Q
I VF
[CHDQ GOHTW [QC CFTJ D[H G[N [QC GD[ H[DJ ]FH] PO GKJ GFH] [Q]LC
KJHG CQOUD ODC H[DJ ]FH] PO ]JC GFH] KJH GFH] RD[Z L PLSCG LSO [DHFQ TH]D
PLOUD LHSL RLF RLC RHLNH PLOUD LHSL COC FZ LHSL OON RCN RLC [JC PFC PO GFH]
UHNO GY[QH [N GKLJG OU COC DJ CO GI RWHCD MNOG ][WNQG GZL[IG OU DHJN COC
H[LWD DJ CO LSWQ PLOUD LHSL RCN MLL RLC MNO L[ ]UFD GFH] JDI D [W RN [WO L FHU
LWOH FDOD FZ LHSL PHQ COC RHFO RLC MNOG H[DJ O RD[Z PO DJ Z[ H[DJ GD [WN]L
DN