KS VF
D[ ]SHHN PL[WQG RQ GD[G HD]N RLOHTW P HKJS PLFZG ON PEWS JDIQ D[ [QC
HZLLF L MC FHUH ]QC ]W JDIG ]N[D U HOTWS PEWS MN [JCH PO JDIQG FHUD HKJS HOLWC
FHUH G[HC R[Z ]H[LCQ PLSW U PHEW CHGN G]US GQYU GKLJGN [DLF D[ [WO L[ RHOQ
G]LGH ]HLG CLEHTG MQGQ JNHQ LWN CSLFO ]ZHOJQ RCN RLC RN ZLLFS PC PE GFH] JDI D D]NH
FFO CQZ CHIJD HOC PLSLSUD UUH OTWSH GJFS RD[ZG O HQF ]C ZH[IO LHC[ GLG CO ]JC GU
DNE QGHTW GCLQJ L[IU LDC FFL QGHTW JQ [HC
C G[LJDG ]LD PDQ[G LWU
DNG PEWSN GI OND RLFG CHGH
[TJ CHGN COH PO CHGN COC JDHI G]C HLOU LNH MLQO ]CH ML]OU
b b ]C HLOU ]JDIH
OLDD OU ]HQHZQ GQND OIJ RHO HSLYQ RNH L[ HOOED HSLED [W]Q HLOU H
HLOU HOWSH EN [LIS L[DH H]CKJ PFQ HLOU RLIQ FU EO OLUO HSOLDD HSLOU KHJH ZDH CY KK PLJTW U
CDC KZ ]HDH]N GSQD C[G ]T[ED U RNH HOLDD HLOU R]SH H[W ONG GF EQ CQHL TH]U HOOED HOWS
LOLDD HSLLG LOU ZTW
MWGO PE HSCYQH FHUH GD[ GCG Z[W ]HQDL IC PLOZ ]HLSQD U OLDD ]HUQQD LFL OU LHKLDG FCQ JHH[ RNH@
M[F CHG OLD L[G LQYU LU CDC LU [QHON LQYU OLDD CDC OLDD KN [LISD LFL OU ]HUQQD OLDD
>LFL OU LUYQCDH M[FD OLDD H
OU ]HQHZQ GQND H[QC HQN HLOC MHQTDH HFL OU ]HUQQD RCN [W]Q HLOU [WC FHU
GQH HO MHQTDH JDIQG FLO KHJO DH]NG [QC RCN VC GSQ GKQ HLOUH HQN JU ]HJSQ U MHQTD
HQHLZD ]LS]HQH GLHO] RD[ZG ]H[N H[F GIQ GKLJG PHZQ HSFQO [DN COGH HSULQGO CD
JDIQG O
UF] DH]NG [H]LQ [FQ HGI JDIQG C[D KHJO [N OLUO H[F GQH HO MHQTD HLOU DH]NG KW HGI GC[SH
QD ]UF VTHLD M[HCD U QND TH]D QNH IKG FTLL [DN L[GH HLOU KHJO [HTC RSD[FQ CQ JS TH]G HFFY L[G
DH]NG KW JNHQ COC JDIQG OU JHDIO H[TC FYLNH PLQNJ HGH[TC CO H[LWD [DF G[H]G G[L]G PHZQ OND U
CZHF HLOU UQQD RLC
DUT IL RLOHJD L[ L[DFQ UQQ RNH G ]HJSQD L[ D]N RN
PEW COO H]HQOD CHGN HLOUQ H[FH
OHTW PHEW JDIQ RLFG [HZQ RCNQ
[QHO L "OHTW PEWS JDIQ UHFQH DH]NG HLOU GS CO PC OHTW HSLC PHZQ OND COG OHCO LH
]QC ]W U DNUO VTHSG DH]NG CDH ]HQO PLSDC Q HSUQ [DN GHYQO
[WO ML[Y PGL[DFOH ]HQO PLSDC Q CHG PHEW JDIQ OHTWO [HZQG HD]N IL RLOHJD TH]G POHCH
DJ RLOCQ DLLO GL[C [ LHFJD GID U [N JDIQ CGL ML[Y GJLDIG ]UD [QHO Z[ RCN FHQLOG [ZLU
HN
JUD GNOGO PDQ[G D]N QGLWD POHCH ENE RLFZHQG LOHTW PDQ[
GNOG RNH PLJFS RSLC PLLJ LOUD
DQZ JJH J PLFZG T[KSHZ HJ LHOG KD JQ LTHT ZJYL [NI [WTD UUH DL OLUO CDHQD U RLFG LQUKD PLJFS
E
]UF VTHL
PLOHTW PLFZ P]HC HSULQGO C]LL[DG GN[YHG COH "HGO RHZILC CG T[GS
>[JC PUKQ [DFG JL[NGH MOQO GSQD D]N HQNH@ FDULFD PE RD[ZO OHTW RZIG [CHDQ RCNQ
DL[ZGH [DU PC PE HSULQGO GCD C]LL[DG [WO R]LS COG GOLJ]NO COC OHTW RZIG RLC PC LN
FHF FL L G[ CHK UUH HD JDIQ L[HTLC MOQG [U LHJLF PUKQ OHTW
HJN ] ON PDQ[G ]UFD C G[W D JDIQ L[HTLC MOQO GSQ [WTD D]N ]OTHWG GSZLI [HULH
PLS O RDQ []HL CHG [W G[H]GQ HD]N GT CQHLD TH]G ODC OHTW CHG L[G GSZI ]QJQ
OHTW
ODC JN ]H]H [D JN PHQ COC OHTW HSLC D]N RCN XDUL[ ]HGEGDH GD[G RZI D]N CQ ]H[HNDD PH[E HSD[H
HNL[CG PL[W P]HC TH]G ]LHZ DLL GIDH GSZLI PHQ HKJO [HNDG ]C PL[L]Q RLC L[G PYUD PHQ GSZLIG RLC
LQL ]D C[DS ZJYL O HOLCD [QHC G]C RNH PL[N MNOG ]H]H JN PGD HKO CO JLSGO L TS M[FD PLQL
LHO] [DFG CQHLD P]KL LWNH HCO PC HJN [NLS PC ZHOLJ RLC HKZS UQQ HZG TH]G L[DFQ POHCH ]LC[D
OLED
LSDC ELC C[ZLH PLLJG [HC U
HOTHW HSLC PHQ LN VC GSZLI HD ]OTHW VHU PE HD]N PLSH[JCGQ L@
> HKJS JHC [IS
G]LG CO [DFQD CO ODC PLQOHU ]LDDH GOLD HSLLG HQHZQD ][KZ RL[LKZQ [ZUS JDIQ
]HC[ZQG ZHFZF [LW GIDH GQ LFHZW GQNJ MQ GCO CQZ CHIJ LWU UHDZ PHZQ ]HFZ P
]HQHZQ [CO RCNQ FHQOO RLCH HQHZQ ]C PE HFZ C[ZLUQ LN HQHZQD ][HKZ PL[LKZQ GQH
OU J[EG LHFJ D ]CDHQG GDH]D UUH CN JHC DJ PLOUW D[ ]H LWU HFZ HQHZQ FHZ RH[C RHEN
O ]HC PLJTW TG
ON OU ML[Y JDIQ COO ][HKZG RL[LKZQ LW OU VC CW HJ D[ FJ D[ CJ LHOG KD ]HD D]NH
RLF LN HQUKH ][ LON CHG HQYU LQLSWG JDIQG PN GWY[G OU COH ][ LON OU [LKZGO PLSW
JDIQD JDIQ RLF Z[ OKDO HSUQ CO JDIQD PLLZG ][ LON
GFHGL [ L[DF RD]NN PL[DF PLQFD GFHGL [ GFHQ HQHZQD ][KZ RL[LKZQ [ZUS JDIQ
G[N PL[HQLC ][KZG RNH JDIQ O HQHZQD GWY[G OU G[N ][HKZ ][KZG CLEHTD [CHDQ
POHCH >[ZUS JDIQD VC PL[QHC LH LHSD JDIQ L [CN PLSW ON OU@ GFHGL [ ]UFO GWY[G OU
POH LHSD CHGN JDIQG OU COC G[N GSLC PFG ]ZL[I
GSD ]JC HL]S[Z OU R[GC [WNH GHY] WT ][HKZG JDIQ ][WD DH]NG GS GQ RDHQ GID@
RN CO ]DNUQ H L O U G[WNG PLQF R]Q RLSUO LN H L O U [WNL GSD ]JC PL[HWNG ]CKJ PFQ
P GQNJ MQ DH]NG GS CO GLOU ][HKZG ][KZG RLSUO
[LKZ] PDOJ ]CH JDIQG OU ZH[I] PQF ]C ILJL [DFQD [HNDG RLSUD DH]NG RHO LHSL [DTHQ RNH
RQ ]HSD[Z LHDL[ LHYQ [HNDD LWO RCN FDOQ JDIQG OU [QCS G[KZG LDE PHZQ ONDH
]FQOS PGL[HQLC ][KZG PG PE JTWDH GQGD [UQD ]HSD[Z LHDL[ L RNH X[CG OND ]H[HNDG
OU [LKZGO HN[YHLH JDIQG OU PHZQ CYQLL CO EOWHQ LHDL[D RN]LH P[DHQ GIG DH]NG RQ
P[LKZGO R]LS P]HC PL[HQLCG ][KZG LWON COH JDIQ PFG LWON Z[ DH]NG LEFG MNO GWY[G
CLIL L[JC ][WD D]N GQD UUH P GQNJ MQ [YJG ]C FZO GQO [F GIQH GWY[G OU PE
HOLCH ]H[SG ]C M[UL G[GKG G[SQG OU [QCS RQD ][HKZDH [HCQG RQD DH]NG LHSL RDHQ RNH
F
KS VF t PLJDI
G[HQ GID FUHQ OGCD ]FUG LSWO GSQQ G]]SH ZFG GSQQ ]ZJH COC JDIQG [NIHG CO ][HKZD
HQHZQD R]HS RH[C RLC PC WNGHLD ][HKZ ][KZG RLFNH@ HQYU JDIQG COH DNUQ HQHZQ Z[ HSO
> GQ LFHZW GQNJ MQ LWU >PLSWQ XHJ RSLWOLH
HFQO HQN PLJDID COC JDIQ M[YS CO LHSD JDIQ RLCN PE G[N ]HJSQ ][KZG TH]G HD]NH
C[ EJD XD[GH DO ]O EQTG HD]N RNH HLOU ]JDIHQ
LS DHK PHLD [QHUG ]D[ZG [HNIO OIJ HSO HSZL] CO C]OLQF CQUK RLDQ LSLC HNCT CJ TLESUD [I[EG RHO HIH@
LF GC[S [QHUG ]JSQ RLSUO CQODH RDL[ZGO ]HNIO PGLOU RLOOW]Q HSC ]HSD[ZG []LQ GS]S UHFQH JTW O
HUL JDIQ GIO ML[Y RLCH GIG RQID PE GJSQ DL[ZGO [WC FU GF DU KS PLJDI TH]G HD]N GQ LW OU [QHO
]WTH] UUH L]UFL CO LNSCH H]D[ZG ]HYQ PHQ H[LNIGO GLG ML[Y QQ DNUQ HSLC VC [QHUG PU CDG DNG OU ODC
G[UGD GQ DJD D]N GQD PL[DF
P]HC PL[LNIQ RLC RLWTHQG RQ PSLC PLSGNG OC [HQC D NH]D PL[HQCG ]HSD[ZG ON PUK R]S GQ ]HJSQ CWDH
HSO PL[TJH HSQHZQD HSSLC [CN VC HSLOU PE OKHQH [DFQD HDL[ZG GQ Z[H X[CO PCHDD COC [DFQD HEGS CO RHLN
>GD[ZGG PHZQD PL[LNIQ HSC
JDIQ COO [N PLQG MHTLS RLFG CHG HD]N L
HSLC PFN HSLF PLQG MHTLS CDHQ CU ]HC RKZ FUHQ J[EO PLTJHLQG TG OU PLHFJD POHCH MOLCH
CO PLJDI DZUL ]HOGZD GNH JDIQG OU COC [N
R] LYDZ FZQG GSDL LSHCKDD GDJ[GD QHQ GC[
PEWS GIH JDIQG OU G]US PFG ]ZL[I [CN GWY[G OU PL[HQC [LKZGO PLC[ PCG FHU RLLUO L
]JDIH DL]NFN JHDIO G]U LHC[ RLC RHLN CQ HC ][HKZ ][KZGO G]HHGO L PCG T[GS HC
PL[HQLC ][KZGO PE LHC[ RLC HLOU
COF G[IUG ]WY[D [LKZGO L[F GFHGL LD[N RSJHL [F X[]O RLCH FU GFD TH]G HD]N GSGH
UQQH ET CQHLD HD]N RNH [N JDIQG GUD COC PHEW JDIQG GUD GFHGL LD[ L[LOF [D]TLQ
GWY[G OU [LKZGO G]U PLC[ RLC T[GS HC PEWS PC JDIQG OU PFG Z[ISN VC PGL[DFQ
PLQFD GFHGL [ GFHQ CLFGO H[QC L[G CKLW CGF PFG Z[IS CO RWHCD H[DLF [QHO RLC
HD]N [D]TLQ COF RHO HGQH
[WO PHZQ LH@ ][HKZ HQN GWY[G OU PLDOJG PL[LKZQ TH]G HKZS LCQ GFD CT VFD POHCH
PE Z]C DH C[QHJO PFO [D PLZQ HY[] GQ LWO ODC GOCD Z[ HI P]JSG ON PGL[DF
[IULJC GFH] JDIH DZT IL LC RHIJ ]QC ]WH G[HC R[Z UU UYH >JDIQ ML[Y MNOG PFO P [HQCG DOJ
DL RHUQ LQO DU FJ
IY[ QU GQ CQHL GUF RSHJ HG FHF FZQ [WTD U GWY[G OU PL[HQLC [LKZQN GN[UQ LSLF ]HFHC HSF RNH
[JCO PCG G[KZGG RLFN JDIQ O HC[D ]LUS GT ROGO H[F VHUG ]OHU ]ZLOQ RLFD PLSH[JCG HZW]TS FHU
GT ROGO LDY [G JN LTHT FHF FZQ U P ZHOQO [WC GWY[G ]C GQO FLZ
G[IUG ]WY[ ON ]C HFZ UQQ GFHQ GF T ROGOH PL[DF GF L[ RHOQ
GFHGL [ L[DF RD]NN PL[DF
JDIQN ]HLGO
HZWT [H GC[SH@ CZHFD RHWY ]WY[ PLFZ LFZO ML[Y PC ZW]TG YGN RHLUD CO ]H[UG D GCO CQZ CHIJDH
G
]UF VTHL
RLSUO JDIQN GSLF GWY[O RLFG CHG ML]OU
n n ]C HLOU ]JDIH DL]NF LTHL [O PLFZ LFZO [N HOHN JDIQG PN PCG
PL[N RLC LCFHN RN KZS ENKL DIL [JC PHZQDH >PLQFD GFHGL [ GFHQ L[G JDIQN L[QEO GSLC CQ HC G[KZG
PLQFO LHC[ HSLC L[G JDIQ O HC[ DJS CO LWO PH[FD
H]HQN GNOG ]HQHZQ [CD HQN LTHL LD[N GNOG GD G[LJDG ]LD PDQ[G L[DFQ GC[S G[HCNO
G[N G[IUG ]WY[ GFHGL [N GNOG GC[S D]N LQ L MC P GSQ VTN U GFHGL LD[ FESN
LWU H]KLN KZHS UQQ PLQFD GFHGL [ GFHQH CD[ L[DFQ UQQ RN PL[HQLC ][KZGO
H[LUG LWN PLQLG L[DFD PLDH]NG KW G[HQ RNH JL H] [ESLIO LU[EO CDLZU [ O H]SQ
KOE L[IHN LSLQ LLJD HSD[ H[LWD U GWY[ FZ GQO PLSHC[G ]HKWD HKZS RNH PL[WQG
HC GN[UQO GWY[ FZO [WC LC P]KLO RLFD GFHGL [ OU PLZOHJ PLQNJ PCG ZW]TGO LH
RN GUQ GLG FYLN HZOJ COC GWY[G ]C FZO R]LS M[HYG PHZQD CSLFO PLZOHJ PSLC CQ
U JNKL CHIJD ZW]TS
PL[DF GS]] ML[UD [C [EO PLJTWD GFHGL LD[ [QC GID CYHLN
GFHGL LD[ L[DF RD]NN PL[DF
GN [QHON FZG RHOD HN[D] GN ]HUQQQ >PLQNJN COF@ GFHGL LD[ [F JO GKHTD RNH ZOHJ [LCQ LD[H RD]NN
G[H]D D]NS LWN ZHLFD
LHKLDD LF RLCH LSK[WH ZLHFQ PLHTQ ]HLGO ML[Y PFC O H[HDLF GFHGL LD[ ]KLO ]HNOG GQND ]UFO HSLC[G [DNH@
>Q ]HN[DH CL PL[FS ]UF VTHLD CDHQD U K[WQH PLLTQ GFHGL LD[ ]HN[D LJTHS RLSUO RNH LSOOHN
T VF
b ]HQC OH O] GQH
JDIQG [LZ O GI ZOJO C[HZ PDQ[G GOUQOH DDHT ]WQ H]QZ
GDHE [HUL ILGD P D]NH FHUH GD G[LJDG ]LD ]HNOGD U GN[UQG PHZQ GOUQOH DDHT ]WQ
[HULD G[H] GD]N MN LN ]HQC OQ ]HJW H]QHZ JDIQ ]HSDO [WC LC ]H[HFO DNUQ GI
JKN GQC OU GQC JKQ HKUQO RLC POHUO DT ROGO H[QC HQNH@ GN[UQG PHZQ GDHE
>GN[UQG
CHG PEG JDIQG GDHE D]N MN OU ZOHJ G[HCNO UQQ GO ZT CQZ FHL C[EG L[DFQ PSQC
GN[UQG PHZQ RG C[ZQD PLDH]NG ]HQC O PE G[HCNO UQQH DNUQ HSLC G[H]D DH]N
PHZQ OOND HSLC GDHE H]HC FDC[G ]KL G[HCNO ]LC[S RNH CDHNLUO RSLC PDQ[G ]KLO
JD G[LJDG ]LD LHOG IL[ R[Q LHFJ LWU H]UFO GN[UQ
ZTU]Q PUKQ OHTW D]N L D N LCRHIJG RSLUD PFCG JNQ GNLW [DTZF PHQ CQOFH
]UFN COF GKLJD Z[ COH ]HFHDU [CD PE PLLZ PLFZD ZTU]Q OHT5
u RCNQ JLNHGO D]NH
JLNHGO DLG DS EJD P [IHU PLLJ LD[ RHCEGH IQ DJ TLESD [I[EG KZS RNH U D DJ [IULJCG
OHTW RLC RNC UQQ PFCG JND RH[TJ PHQ COC ZTU]Q OHTW HSSLSUD H[LNIG CO L[G MWGO
]HFHDU [CD ZTU]Q
LDY [GD UUH HJNQ CDN DJS PCG KEDH GKLJD HFLQ GOLWS ]HFHC RCNQ CLDG JYZ LFWZ UGC [IS LSDCD UUH
H