LSUG O HSD[Z OLDD GQO MN ONH DN PLOG] LSU ]HSU XZ COH GID CO LN PL[QHCH
POHNQ VLFU
M[L OU GKLJG RCYDH [ZDD DHJ LSU O HSD[Z GQN GC[ PLSH[JC PL[WQ H[QC FHUH
HWHEDH JDIQ O HWHED GKLJ PHZQD CLG VHUD GZLOQG HOLCH LONDH [ID G[IUD JDIQG
C[ZLH ]HL[WG [WTD CDHQ RLNTD COH HS[WYD RGN O
G]YSD
j b H]C[Ql ]C [LTGH
]HOIEG RQ ONHCH FY ONQ ONHCH POHUG OND TKH J[HW GIG VHUG LCOLSJ [D CQHJS] [ [QC
MNO JDIQG LDEO D[ZL OC RLTQJH ]HOIE COQ GIG ZWIGH OLCHG GDZG [QC RLTQJG RQH
]HOIEG RQ CO FY ONQ ]ONHC GSLCH GOUD THDC OU GOFE GQGD ODC H]C[Q ]C [LTGH [QCS
GJDIQG [LKZGH ONG ]C RGNG DL[ZGH [QCS MNO GOHN GDL[ZQ CHG MNLWO RLTQJG RQ COH
FE GD[ C[ZLH
FL JHOO HQYUO []LG G[HL OC LSUG HOLWC HSFQOO LSU O HSD[ZD OIEG ]C G[H] G]SLE
H[DJ RHQQD
CO POHUQ [HWT RLCO ]HC[HQ H[DKYSH GD[G ]HWHU HDL[ZG HOLWC RFG PHZQ OC MLOGH
FZQD HLG PLTS G[UQ FJC GIH RQHZQD ROHN HUODSH FZG [D JL[TG
PHZQO H[IJ RN HSHZL] OU HLNU CD PLLUQDH ZWID HLG VHUG ONCQ LSLU[ED OIEG VC
GLG HO POHUG ON RHC[G PFC O H[WU [DKYS PQ JDIQG PHZQO POHU O H]L]Q
P ]HL[WG [WTD CDHQ PLSH[JC PLQNJ LWU OIE HLSWO GLG COH
OLFDL CO HLWSND H]C UTH
[LKZGH ][QC ]CH HLOU GYZ HWS PLWSN JL[ CHG JL[Q PC GIG KHLFGG RSJHL [ [QC
C[ZLH
LSU O HSD[ZD [FHGQ JDIQG CGL LFN COC GQO MN ONH "GJDIQG ONG ]C RGNG
GE GD[
HT VF
UQ "LO GQO OLFDL CO VHUG ]OHUO VHUG ]CKJ RLD DH]NG ZOJ HDL[ZGH DL]N LFNQ
L[G GOFDG GSHUK GOHUG HSUFL MNQ [QHO GSHHNG L[ H[WO OLFDGO ML[Y RLC GSLQ
PE GD RLC MC GOFDGD ]DLLJ GSLC ]CKJG UHQO L GIQ ]CKJGQ VHUG ]OHU ]C DH]NG ZHOLJQ
]H[ CLG CQ GOFDG ]DLLJ GOHUG RLSQ [HTLC GD GLG PC LN [HTLC
[O RLSQH OLFDGO [HTLC L ]CKJDH GDHJ COH ]H[ GOHUD GOFDGG LQS LNG RLC CQ RDHQ RLCH
CLIL LC RHIJH G[HC R[Z CZU[EG ZQKG HGQ] RN H]HUQQQ OLFDL CO C[ZQG CLYHGO [D [IUOC
CLHZG [QHJ KLZGO NQ ROGO UUH U [JC RWHCD H[W LH
L]LLG C[DTQ PHQ TH]D H[W
]HTNO ML[Y RLCF LQS LNG HSTNL COH DL]NF [HD LDE G]UQ COC
]HTNO ML[Y RLC [QHO DH]NG CD [QHO L MNOG G[GICO DH]NG M[YHG COH H]HTNO DLLJ [QHC
FN
HT VF t PLJDI
]HTNO ML[Y LCFHH HLQHO]D G[H] H]DLLJ L[G ]UFG OU GOHU [DFG RLC HY[]H
H]HTNO HC@ PHKCO ML[Y RLCH LHTLN HO ZLWTQ FQOO DH]NG CD [QHO L " HSTNL COH F C[Z LO GQO RN PC [QC] PCH
G]HJW G[LQD HO LFH H][LQD G[H]G GKULQ [HD TH]D UH GS ZDD HFQO GI [H]LQH >GQLKCN CHG GOHUQ LHTLND
HSLLGH LHTLN M L [ Y R L C PLHTQ RWHCD G[H] GKULQ HSTNL COH RCN GZQG ]JSG M[F OU CHG [FG [WCH@
>HGF ON LHTLN GTHNQN
PLCYHL HSCYQ MC RLZLIS P]TD CHG RN PSQCH G[LQ DHLJ UHQO L G[H] G[QC RLQHO] DHLJ PYUQ RCN [CHDQH
G[H] GDLLJ COH POHU O HEGSQ PG ]HOHUWH PL[DF L RNH POO DLLJ ZLIG PC ODC [HQOQ HGH[KW GIG OONG RQ
FHU RLLUH H ZD ]UF VTHLD CDHQD GID U PLD[G ]H[D MOLO H]QGD JLSGO RHEN POO DLLJ ZLIGN LN PC PUSQO
ZLIGO [HTLCG [HZQ RLSUD ]NTQG L[D P
RHO ]HUQQD COC [HDLJG HCHDH FL]U RHO L COH HI G[HY G[H]D CYQS CO LN GC[S GZLFDH GSLJD [JCO GSG
LC JZL CO RHEN PFHZ LHHLYO HC G[GICO ]HNLQTD FDOQ G[GICN HI RHO GULWHQ RLCH LFL]U DYQ [HC]N PL[DF [HWLT
XHJQ OC JIL COH RJG ]C HTN[LH HC H]FUNH J[ZN GLGL COH D[ZL CO RNH HLDC VSN GOEL COH HLDC ]C ]C
[QCS CHG G[GIC ][H]D HWHT OU JLNHQ ZHTWG ]OLJ] HOC OND PGLSJQ ]C HCQKL COH PHJO] GSJQO
DHLJQ GULSQN [W]Q COC G[GIC HD RLC VHUG ]CKJD [QCSG OLFDL COH DH]NG PE RHUQ [D [IUOC [ FQO RCNQH
GI PE PDQ[G ]UFO FDOQ [HTLC CHG ]HUF GD[GO UHTLG RLSUO [QCS GI MC OLFDL CO CLG CT[EG ]H[QED@
> OLFDL COH CHG GZLOQ OYC DH]NG ODC GOUQO [NISNH [HTLCN COH GULSQN [W]Q
HSLC ]QCD [QHO L RN PCH ]HTNO DLLJO H]HUQQ PLDH]NG RQ GLC[ RLC G[HCNO HSTNL COH Q COC HZG CO RNOH
COH Q X[]OH ]HZGO GLG OHNLH@ POO DLLJ MNQ CHG [HTLC [WO DH]NG RQ J[NHQ RCN PE X[L]H ]HTNO ML[Y
RNCH HOC ]HC[ZQQ G[LQ DHLJH ZLIQG RHQQD C[DE [HTLC UHQO L ]QCF CDLOCH MG HSLLGH ZLIG [H LDE HS[QL
>J[EG PD ZD L[ OCHQ ]N[D D D]N RN
]CKJDH ]H[ GOHUD CQ DHLJ GOHUDH ]H[ ]CKJD RLSQ L[W OU OLUO ][NIHQG PL[WQG ]GLQ] DLLO L GIDH
GULSQN OLFDL COH [WO []HL [D]TQ GD[FC [DC[ ]UFO C[ZF GLKW GI RLC [HQCGOH C[ZF GLKWN [HTLC
JNHQH FQOS [CN COC HIN RHOD [HTLC HSCYQ CO LN [HTLC CHG [QHO [CQ GOFDG ]DHJ VHUG ]OHUD [WOH CQOUD
[WQ JNHQ HDL[ZGH Q [F HL[DFQ HQYU [D [IUOC [ L[DFQ CHG LC D[ [QC GJNHGG [ZLUH@ HSLSU MH]Q
>RHOG ]HUQQQ CLG H[LWG PYUO GJNHGG MC PLZLOC RD [ [TQ HQN ]H[ OLFDL COH
VHUG ]CKJ LULD Z[W
RGD RLOUHQH GULODG ]LDD RLCQKQ RLC ROHN CWLT LS]ZFQ GZLOQD LSF CQLOLC DU
CWLTQ ]HZGO GSHHNG GC[S RLOUHQ RLC [QCG UHGL [N LCF UHGL LD[N COF CQLS
RWHCD L[GH ]CKJ PO ]CKJ GUQN GI OONDH GOHTW ROHN GUQN GKQO GCU GOHUD CWLTF
RLOUHQH RLCQKQ RLC ROHNH HSLS FYLNH RLOUHQ RLC [QC UHGL LD[ GI
]CKJ PO ]CKJ GUQN GOUQO GCU GOHUD ]QFHZG CDDGQ CLG CLHZG [WO RLC ODC
GEO LC RHIJ ]YDHZQ GKL LWU ROGO [CHDQN ]CKJO GOHUG MQL] GUQ LHSL DJS HSLC GI LN
]QC ]WH TH]UH FLIL
GN
]UF VTHL
CO [DLF CO UHGL [ GID L[GH GZLOQD LHSLD Z [ ][DFQ GSQG [QHOH CLHZG ]HJFO RLC [CDO CHIJG VLTHGH
GZLOQD COH PFG R]Q OU Z[ GSQD [DHFQ PC MFLCQ GOHUN HCU PFG R]Q RHLN ]CKJ GUQN PH]TO CS]O HO GLG
GLUG [ZLU HGI LN HL[DF P]T CQL] GI RLC
PFG LHSLD RLD GZLOQ LHSLD RLD GSHHNG GZLOQD CL[ H[QCH
PDQ[G L[DFQ GC[S RGD PLOUHQH ROHNH
GSLQ CZWSH@ PL[WHT L[DFQ COC C]L[HCFQ GOLUQ PGD RLC H]Q HC HOTWS PLFZG ON IE
>HC GOLUQ OG PDQ[U FDOD R[Z PHO] COC QHJ DHLJ COH RD[Z ]CDG RLC RSD[FQ GOLUQD
GCSG [HTLC PGD L PHZQ ONQ HOTWSH H]Q PLFZD GOLUQ RLF RLC LW OU VC RN]L POHCH
P[L]QG [DF PGD GLG COH P]OLJ]Q H[TCS LSWQ G[H]G RQ
QGHTW OG QJOD RNH GSQ VTND CGD UH EW GOLUQ
PLFZQ ]HSGO G[H] [HTLC L L[ GF KT ROGO TH]G L[DFQ HJLNHG RNH IS RLHFZD TH]H L[ ]ZHOJQ GID U
COG [DFD L [HTLC GILC TH]G FU HGQ] KT ROGO CWDH GO PLJTW [D UH GOLUQ PGD RLC VC OU H]Q
GOLUQ LFLQ HCYL H]Q PLFZ
J[EG PD ECN DJ PL[HU XDHZ DS CJ ZJYL [NI CEN PH ILZTH KZT JL ]H[HNDH EGO CQZ CHIJ UUH
PG[DC U[I LO GC[SH GF IOCN PLKWQ GQNJ MQDH ILF CNCQ JQ [HC KS DIN DJ [IULJC RQLTG VHTD PH
UUH FLG CE DLD GOLUQ OG L[IU LDCD HOC PLSLSU [DTGD UUH FQ RLHFZ DZUL ]HOGZ DL CJ OHDI ]LD HOD
FN [LIS FTHLD CDHQD
PLQUKH PLSLSU
]CKJD GOFDG [HTLCH GOHUD GOFDG ]HYQ
[ZLH OI H[QC GSG LN VHUG ]CKJD GOFDGG ]OLOH VHUG ]OHUD GOFDGG RLSU [WO L
GQOH JHQD CLG GDJQD CHG [HG[GG COG ZFZFO LH DOG [HG[G OU GCD GOHU I
H D O ] bD J Q [YL ONH CHG MN C[ZQG RHOD PEH " DOG [HG[G PHZQ OND PLKZHS OI HSLQNJ
CHG [DF COG PHLG ON U[ Z[
GU OND HD ]HWOHJ RGH ONHL CO KZG GQG [ES PLN PFC ]HDJQ GSG LN GIQ GC[SH
OUH LHC[ HSLC GQ H]DJQ OU GOUL CO RFUD [HYUO PFCG FLD RLCH ]HEHWG RLCQ GUH
CGL CO [ZLUG COC HL]HL[D PU CLSH[KD CD GDZG RLC LN CKJ GID L [QHO MLL RLC RN
GD [G[GO HDO OC GDJQG PLQ PFCG
PNLSLU L[JCH PNDDO L[JC H[H]] COH H[LW GGOOYI [HQFC LDC ZNQ L]UQ HQNH
VNL] GSZOTL COC HI GDJQD WWLH OE[L CO [QHON X[CG [ H ] Q HDHLH RHOQ
G]LW JS RHC[G CKJD GLG RNH@ HLSLUD RJ [DFG CYQL CLDQ GI LN FNU GD DHJQ
DHK LN GCG C[]H DH]N HQN GLSLUD RJ PL[DFG HCYQH GDO OC PL[DFG GQH GHJ ]C
]HDJQD [HG[GG ]C ]HSNO FCQ ZFYL RN OUH >KZ ]HDH]N RHQFC L[DF ]C LSC GCH[ RHOQ
GDJQG CHD] [CN COC CKJ HD RLC RLLFU JHQG ]DJQD LN JHQG ]HDJQD COH DOG
D O G [ H G [ G OU GCD GOHU HGIH G[WN ML[Y IC GDJQG LOE[O [[HU]G DOGH DOG OC
J H Q G ] D J Q OU COH
HN
IT VF t PLJDI
G]OU HD C[G CGL ML[Y HSLLG VHUG ]OHUD RLOLFDQ IQ[G CD GIO GC[SH
CHG VHUG ]OHUD RLOLFDQF CG RN OUH GQGD ]OHUD PEH DOG HD VHEG RQ OFDS GDJQG
DOG MH]O [HFJ] CO GU[G GDJQG ML[Y IQ[G
JHQD GSNQ GULFL LOD HLG RLEEHG OU GCD ]CKJG OLFDQ HSLC VHUG ]CKJD ODC
OU ]HLGO ML[Y PFCG GUQ ON LN H]DJQQ RLF[WS HLG HLUQ ]QJQ G[WN ML[Y GIOH
ON RLSUG HGIH GEED CKJ HO PLCLYQQ ONG ]C[HG LOD HLUQ GHUGH ONG ]C[HG LW
HLSWO RQFIQ GLG CO ONG ]C[HG LWU FLQ] HLUQ HLG LOQOC G[WN PLNL[Y PLEEHG
GKLJG RLC GQGD ]CKJD CZHFH VHUG ]CKJD RLOLFDQ RLC RN OU HD CKJL [C CKJ
C]HLJ ZLWQF VHU ODC C]HLJ ZLWQ GLG CO LNG HCO LCF OLFDGO J[NHQ FJC RQLTD G[N
]C[HG LW OU EGS]L DOG ML[Y ]H[HGO RLOLFDQ RLC DH GZLOQG G[NSH FJC RQLTD
ONG
DWDN GEEDN RHFIG OU RLCLDQ ]HFUG ]UHD PE CYQS VHUG ]CKJ PLCLDQG RLD VCH
[D [IULOC [ O HQUK GI [WCH POUSH PGD DH]N RCN PLLHSQG ON PHZQ ONQ ]H]L[NF
PHQ OLFDGO ML[Y RLC OLFDL CO LCQH VHUG ]CKJD RLOLFDQ L]UQ [QC RHUQ
LHHLY COC [QCS CO H]KLOH HOHN OONG OU FQOO CD [DHTH ]HFUG ]UHDQ RN ZLLFQ
GU[] C[ZLH OCHQQ P GOHUD OLFDGO
IT VF
HD RLC PFCO []HQ HSLCH JDIQO ULEQG ]CKJG PF PEH
[]LG HOHN [DFO GQ ]C GSL GOHUD [QC]
HQ OLUOFN GOLUQ RLFQ HGHKULQ PLFZG PF [CN GOLUQ
GDGC [D CFC D[ [QCF UHGL [F GLQUKO [IULOC [ ]LJS GSLQ UQ LNG GLO [QCZ COFQ
GOHN GSQ O GUYG CLG MN VHUG ]CKJ ]LUSH ]NQS VHUG ]OHU UHGL [ GLG [QHC
GUYG CLG MN FJC RWHC PLSWHC LSD [W]GO PLOHNL GDGC [D CFC D[ L[DF UQQ G[HCNO [QC LC D[
PO ]CKJ RLDH ]CKJ PO GOHU RLD HLOU DJ GQO HNHQ GDJQDH PHZQDH GUQD GSL ON GOHN GSQ O
FJC RQLTD ]CKJ ]FHDU GQO GOHU ]FHDU GQO P[K ]CKJ PO GOHUD CZHF LC D[ [W LS RWHC GOHU
Z]USH MQS UHGL [ [QC FDOD GID L[WN
LC D[ H[LWO CLUDLQ CO PLOUD LHSLD HCU PCQ [IULOC LD[ GZG CO UHFQ RDHQ HOOG PLSWHCG LS LWOH
GUQ ]C GSL [CN COC MHQO MLL RLC RHC[G H[LWO VC COC ]CKJN GCU VHUG ]OHUD COC MHQO MLL RLC
PSQC PLOUD LHSLD HKJ PC ODC GOUQOH GOHU GUQN GOHU PO ]CKJ RHEN MQS CHG HLOC RD[Z H]HCO RD[ZG
HLOC HNHQ HSLC MNOG PLQOD [NG LHSL GI RLC MC GUQ LHSL HD GU
]YZ UQQ L[Q POHCH LC D[ ]SZTQN [WO PLDLLJQ PSLC L[F GLQUKO C[ ]LJS CD[ L[DF GI LWO [CHDQH
FESN RN [WO HJL[NG GQ [HCD ML[YH PLOUD LHSLQ C[ GZG CO UHFQ [WO LFN LC D[ L[DFO PLN[YS HSC
G[HCNO GKHWG ]HUQQG
MQLL [QCS PC PE L[G PLQOO HNHQG GUQ LHSL GI L[G PLQO [FS PFC PO PCO HCU PC [QHO RLCH@
HSC GQD [N]Q CHG LHSL RCN RLCH LSG PLQO LOUDO GI PLQO LOUDQ PLOUD LHSLF OHTWG [CL COG PLQOO
>HLOC PLNHQ
IN