L[QEO OHKLD CHG GQHFNH C]HUKH C]HFDF RHOD FJC C[HQC L[DF OU ]HQHZQ GQND C[QED CYQS GQF [D]TQF
C]LCF CGH GF KO FJ JHC GQ ]H[EC MH]Q GI GC[HQCG [QC COQ []HL GI OLDD ZHOJO [JC RLF ]LD HONHL CO
CZ VF
PLQNJ HU CLG GIG LHKLDG ]HUQQ OON M[FD G[H] OQ []HL PGL[DFO ZHILJ HU PLQNJH
COC TH]H L[ H[W LWN MNO GSHHNG RLC RCN POHCH G[H]G RLFO HUQ []HL PGL[DFO ZHILJ
GOLOD ]HSLSC RLC G[H]GQ ]HSLSCG G]LQG PHLD GL[DFO ZHILJ G[H] G]UQ []HL ZHILJ HU
]HSLSC HL[JCO GOLOD L RSD[FQ CHG G[HDZG PHLD HOLCH >RSD[FQ COC@ G[H]GQ HL[JCO
RSD[FQ
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[HTCO G]LQG PHL C]L[HCF ]HSLSCD ZHILJ HU PN G[HDZG PHL ]HSLSCO ZHILJ HU GOLE[G
HOLO
PGO H[QCS GCQHKH GFHDU LOHTW RHEN GFHDUO ]HN[YSG ]HNOGG ON LCFH GW[S GCQHK LSWQ
RLC [HQC [FTD G[H]D HD]NS LW OU VCH PLSLFG UFLO PLNL[Y HLG L[G PLCHOLQG ][W PFHZ
DNEL C[G ]H G[H]D [JHCQH PFZHQ
TH]D HGQ] OZG [UQQ [QHJH OZ PHLD LCF GOLOD COC ]UQ CO CQ HO [QC
[WTD UH ]H[HFO C]LL[HCF GOLO ]HSLSC GFHGL [ ]KLO L[G [QHJH OZ H]HC PLLZ GOLOD PE COGH
JD FZQ ]CLD JQ [HC
GU ]HYQ PHQH ]HDYUH GF[LK PHQ GSLSU GOLO ]HSLSC RLSU [CDO Z GOUQO CDHQ GQ LWOH
]UQ CO CQ GQO R[GC HO [QC DHLQ GI LWO PLONHC PLNOQG M[FN GOHFEO GJQOF
HSQQ LSCD
b L]ONC COF HCO HD L PHLD CO ODC GJQOF GU ]HYQ COC P RLC GOLOD COC
KLZ LL ]LD
H]OHUWO ]TJLL]Q GSLC PHLG GOQG H[LW PHLG ]DHJ "PHLG LCQ GLQJS [O COC DU
PHLG ]CKJ PHLG ]CKJ ]C L]ONCH ]CKJO G[FEG ]QQ COC PHLG L]ONCH
KLL LSLQ [LG [[ H[W LWU FJ C[ ]CKJ [QHC GHG PHLG ]DHJO GCDG ]CKJ
HSCYQ GQHFQN MC ZLTWQ CHG CKWD ]QUKHQ ]CKJ ]DL] LN PLQUKG LWO UQQD RN RLC [LUG LJL [ILH FL[G
YSCD U PGO L PLQUKG LWUH U[NG PGO RLC H[QC ]HC[ZQG HQNH PLQUKGQ GC[SG LWO PLFEHSQG OI[FD PLH[LW
F[] QU PLQUK ]LFHQO]
b GSGH [QHO FHQO] HW[S R]O OHNL
KW [W]Q GID HW[S R]O COH V[S FJC V[8
CO@ GZL[IH GKLJ DH]NG K[W RHC[N HGCKJLH HGKJLH HKK PLCHOLQG [LU LDE DH]NG
PLCHOLQG ]CKJ PHQ >]HLUG ONO ]LSOOHN RHO KWQN GULH GOHUG LDE RNQ [JCO DH]NN
GSJQO XHJQ CD V[ R[GCO [C ]CKJG OEU RHC[G RD[ZG HOLCH C[QED RCN [CHDQN GONCS
JLZ
CZ VF t PLJDI
LHOG IL[ R[Q LHFJ
FDO GZL[IDH GKLJD COC RHC[N HL]HLU OND GLG CO L[G DH]ND [HWQN
]GU
[ [QC [IUOC [ [QCF [IUOC LD[N GO [DT GLO L[QCZ [LW "RGQU GLG TJSLW COGH
POHU ]SGN ]L[D HL[JC HU[IOH HO G]LGH DL]NF L[QIO HE[G FU TJSLW RGN]S CO CSLSJ
HU[IOH HO G]LGH PL[WQH PLCHOLQO LSLQD [DN RGN GLG TJSLW H[DT RHUQ LD[H GFHGL LD[H
RNH TJSLW O HU[IQ POHUO CG] GOHFEG GSHGNG OU GDZG HJLKDG POHU ]SGN ]L[D HL[JC
TJSLW O HU[I OYC GOHFEG GSHGNG G[CS ZHFYO >[Q]LCQ GLG@ []LDCQ GSHGNG [LDUGQ GLG
C[GQ LWU POHUO
ELDN UHGL U RGNG TJSLW UQLH [QCS PLKDG RLD PHO P FU [QC LC D[
RGNG RWHCD HFL[WQ CHGF TJSLW ]DL] OU CJWKD RGNG [IUOC RD TJSLW ]C DL]N H]NLOGDF
CKLO OYSDS C[EGQ RGNG TJSLW O ZHTW P DL]N H][IJDH [IUOCC Z[ LCZ
HOLCN RGNG TJSLW H[C] MNO H[LW HL[JC HU[I TJLO CHGG "RGNG TJSLW UQLH DL]N CG
UFLHGL RD C[G CHG LN HL[JC HU[I TJLL]L CHG RLFD RN OUH RGNG R[GC HQN GSHGNO C[G CHG
COF G[H]D L[ [LW LNGOH P L[ U DL GKHT GLQJS [N COF GLG OHFE RGN HSLD[ GQ
CKLO OYSDS C[EGQ P RDQ[G ]N[LW ]DHLQH GL]HHN
PLCHOLQO LSLQ PHL FU H]KLO [WCH@ GQ RGN]S CO H]KLO DZ RQZO GJ[Z RD UHGL [ L[DFD [CHDQ G[HCNO
GLQJS [ L[DFQH >XDUL[ LWU GSHGN RLFQ GI RLC PLCHOLQD GQ QL GQ MNOG PLSGND COH ]H[HNDD GFHDUG G]LG
WH GNHSJ OCHQQ P U LHOH RGN FJL PE ]HOUQG L] HD HLG [WC FHUH P L[WQ COC J[NG OS RLC GKHTD
J[Z
[QHC C[DTQ COC O H F E RGN GLG GJNHG RLC MC PLFZD ZOHJ GLG JNHQ CLDQ DH]NG RQ
P]HS OND OHNL GLGH H]OUQQ F[L CO [D]TQ FDO QQ GLG PLCHOLQG LQL ]UDD RHLN RN
G[HC R[Z LWU GOHFE GSHGNG R[GCO JLSG GSLND FL[KF PHQ COC GOHFE GSHGND QO [DFQD
XDUL[ ]HGEGD UUH
PLQUKH PLSLSU
L]JNH L]UQ [QC COC L]UQ CO [QHO GQ HD COH GFHG HLSLUD DKLLH GQ UQLH FLQ
PL[DFG RQ CO ]QCG OU GCFHGG LN PC PHOG HLOU HSLD[ GQO GI CHG JD GQ [HCD ML[Y
"HSLD[ GQ OYC JDO CLG ]SLLHYQ UHFQ PHZQ ONQ CLG PLOZG
GQ RN]L PC L[G L]UQ CO [QHO H]JN ]C PLOUGO ZFHY RHDJ GQO HO GLG ]QCD MC
HFL OU OC[LO G[TQS G[HTQG ON HJ [U[U]GO GOHOU G[HCNO HO [QCSG ]C JNH UQ HSLD[
L]JNH L]UQ [QCH ]QCG OU GFHG MC RHDJ PHD DJ]G CO HSLD[ GQ OHFEG JDG HGIH
KLZ
]UF VTHL
PG PLSN HOC PLOHZL PC UFHL LQ LN ]HSHDJ ]HUO RLC ZJ[] [Z [DFQ G[H] G[QC RHLN
LHSLNG HGIH H]JN ]C PLOUQ MND ]LLC GCSGH GULES O XQ PGD L CQ ]QCO PLUOHZH
COOH RHDJ COO GHKYS [C ONN GHUG GI COC FDU C[ZS RLC LFDU GQ HO GNI HSLD[ GQ
ULFHGO OC[L OHDE OND GQ JO LSLQ GD[ C[ZLH HSL]HD[ H[QC COC FHU COH@ OON ]HQNJ]G
>JNH UQ
FDU ]HLGO GNI []HL GQYU]S COC HI H]CFHG LFL OU ][HTQG G[U[U]S CO FDOD HI CO RNC
L[G LN HSH[E MH]Q ][DFQ GSLNH G ][H] LGL[G H][H] ON RN OU ]HSHDJ COO [HQE FDU G
DO] IN CO] CL OYI XLDOCHQ J[EO [THQ ]HJL LWU HD[O ONG GQHCQ HQYU OQ FDUO RLC
RLC HSFQOO COC ]QCG OU GFHG HSLD[ GQ O H]OUQD [WTO RCN GSHHNG RLC ][JC M[FD
LN [DFD LLD]GO OON M[HY RLC HD COH GSHHNG HIH [ZLU ON GHD RLSU ]QCG OU GCFHGD
[[G HSD PD RLKSLW Q[EO GQ [F LWU JHNOH ]HUKO OHOUH PFC Z[ CHG UFLO ML[Y PFCG
RHNSH GLOU PL]JH
L]ZL] GLG] CO LFN HSQQ L]OCS CO LQO [FGO LQYU L]ZJF RN OU GW[ EJ H]DH]D XD[G RHO HIH
HOH HJ PL[JC RHOZD FDN]GO GID L]TSNS CO LN ]HNI VNO LSHSLF] PN]OUQ OU RUS LO GOLOJ GI []LGO GCFHGN
CYL ]QCG OU GFHQG PNJGH GC[HGD RLUHK GOHFE L[FGSTH ]HUKO LHU PFC ON LN RHOZ RLC GID PE LN P]OZ]D
]QCG LQNJO GI R]LS CO LN H]SUKD FQHU PC COC HSLC GID RHOZ L PCH ]QCG OC [HIJO H]CFHG [ND H]HUK FTWG
HLSLUD DKLLH GQ UQLH HD COH GFHG GU[QH
H][ECD CHIJO HSLYQ GI RLSUNH
O UDK HGI L[JC FQHOG FHDN GGNQ HSLC ]HUK RWHCD ZHQU LON RHLUD IHJC CHG G[H]G LSLSUQ RLSU ON GSGH
CO PC GHYQ FYQ COC GID GQON RLC LN GID PONS LSLCH C[QED PUW C[DTD PUW FLQ] ]HLUK COQ LSCH GQNJG RLSZ
OONDH LSHQN PLSKZ PLSCO NNH PONGO PHZQ RLC UDKG FYQ ODC GNOGG ]C HJ DLJQ HSLC HOLCN CHG L[G PONL
IK LTHT GJ [DF DLQ ]HD UUH HS]QEQ H]]QC OCH RLSUG OC Z[H RHLFGD HQYU ]C LE[GO GFQG HGI CO
]HL[WG [WTQ V[S FJ C[ O RHC[ [LUD PLZHQU PLSLSU
GSDOG ]QLEW FLQ ]COQ]Q G]LG ONCS FJ C[ [LU GLG LOQOC OIL[CG PD DH]N
GQJG [HCN GSDOG [HC GD GUG GULEQ G]LGH
UFL ]H[HF LFZO GU LFZ RLD ZOJO GQ ]UF OU GOU CO MNLWO HFZG LFHGLG PDH
H]HHSUD R[GC POHC GUO Z[ CHG J[LG KHULQ ][WN FJ C[ [LU PE HI GOLNC LFL OU LN
]H[HF LFZ GI L[G HFLFOH GI RHZL] CHDL H]OLNCD H]UF OU GOUG CO GOHFEG
FJ C[ [LU LN GOHFE ]HZQU CYQS RLSUG GIDH HSHO GIH DH]N CYQS JHOLG LQ [WTDH
HONCO R[GC GY[ CO V[S RHC[G FJ C[ [LUH J[LG KHULQ OU G[WN ]CDGO IQH[
PLZHQU PL[DFGH XZ ]U FU [JC]Q RHZL]G CGL GQ RLDG GIQH
ON OU G[HQ J[LG KHULQ J[LG KHULQ OU G[WN OSG PL[DFG OU VLTHG DZUL ]LD [WTDH
LSQQ CHGLDCH DFSH [Q]H GFHGL O RLUN PLCKJ PFCG WSDH POHUD GFOH]D ]HSH[TJG
HCLDG GIG POHUDH XZ ]U FU P][WN VHTH PSHZL] [[DO GDZG RHY[ RLCH PLHDN HCYL
[HCH GSDOG KHULQ GC[S RLC GFYQ G[LCQG GL[OZWTCD ONG GQ ]FQH HNH LOU G[WN
[QCH GI RH[TJD PE PLSGNG ]OLNCD [WNO PHZQ L DJ RNOH FL]UON GQJG [HCN GSDOG
NZ
DZ VF t PLJDI
RH[TJ ][WND HSLLG ]H[HF LFZD ]UQ CO CQ J[LG KHULQ GC[S RN HFYQ R[GC HO
FL]UO FU GI LHOLEH RHZL]D M[D]L HSHY[ RLC ]HSLSCD HS]OLNCD [WN]L J[LG KHULQ
]OLNCD G[WNO GNI CO FU HD ]HZDFGH CKJG PYHU OU G[HQ RD[ZD OWHS CYHL OHTW
CLG RLC COC ZQHUG FYQ G[HQE G[WN OU MWLGO G[HQ PLSWO GQF TSNS OHTWH PLSGNG
GTSNS CO HI ]CKJ L[G GQ RUKH ]W[S CLG VC XHJ LWONH PLSWOH LSWO COC ONO GLHOE
RLLFU LDOH GOCN L]HC G[Z GI RHY[ PHLD PC R[GC DLG "G]OLNCD G[WNG P]LOLE CO GQOH
RH[TJG J[LG KHULQ ][WN LHOLED GYH[ GDZG RLC CHG ]HC ]HQOD TLLHWQ HSLC
GOHEQ G[WNG RLC PLSWOH LSWO GQF TSNS ]CKJN CLG L[GH XZ ]U FU [HD
OHZOLZG [H PFCG GO]L CO GI RLSU ]HOEO V[L RHC[G [LUD GDZG DDLTH
HNH LSCU RQHCO MO [QCLH GO ONG [HTQL COC HWS ]HUL[ED GFHL ODH HQYUD GFOH]D
L]OOHJ RHHUD RG CS PLOG] FHF [QC RLSUN
DZ VF
LNGOH HLSDOH R[GC RLF LH RGN RLF LF [CHDQ G[WD RLDH]N HLSDH R[GCF PLUES ]HC[Q LSC
CKLO OYSDS C[EGQ R[GC [JC VC CL GN [DFQD TJSLW TJLL]Q
GLO [QC COH VC L[JD GU[W PUQ GQ CYLH DL]NGH PH[ HD [QCS G[H]D VC RH[J ONH
PH[ HD [ Q C S G[H]D VC RH[J ON H[QC COG ]YZ ZFZFO L CYLH H[KT LZO L[ [QC "LFLQ COH
RH[J HSLYQ QQF DHLQ HSLC RLLFUH DH]NG PT[W CO ]HNOQ FHDN PHQ [WC D]N OI C[GQH@ "[QCS CO L[G RCNH
">PH[ HD [QCS CO VC
GU[W O HWC ]HQQJ]G RHO G[J HLJO OU GQ HO [KT LFL OU VC L[JD GU[W PUQ [F LZO L[ LOHCH
HQYU GI LHKLDD [QCS PH[G L[G
[HDLFD HOLWC FHDN HO ZOJ FQUQ H]HCD L[G HKHWN H[KT [WO [WC LC D]N UFLHGL RD H[WTD PLLJ VTHL LD[H
C[KLT@ HFFY H[KT HGIH HDE HO GSWGH H]CLYLD HSQQ HLSW MWG GSHHNG COC HGNL FYLNH MLFDU ON HF[LH HO [QC
O[GQ [W GID CYHLNH HOHQQ GU[W PU FYGQ HQYU MWGH GSW GU[W PUQ RWLH DL]NFQ [FH >FY O PHE[]
]HL[WG [WT OCHQQ P UUH D[J ]H[ZFQN GKHD L RLSUNH HFESN ]HZ [DLF COC QQ H[KT CO EC[WQ
CD
RLSUD PLZHQU PL[DF JYZ QU ]QCG DL]S O[GQO POHU ]HDL]S [WTD U
HU[IOH HO ]HNOQ GQ ZLD
DQDL FHL [IS LSDC UUH R[GC LSDN H]OUQO HNI CO GQ LSWQ GQ LSD
DL]N CO CG CQK
PHZQD GLEG ZQKD CQK
CQK PHQ LC C[ZLUQ [QCZFN POHUO
GLLD[ CSQJ[ PHQ OUD PHQ LCH
DU
G[HCNO COGH GFHDUO LHC[ GSQG GKZS UHFQ PHZQ ONQH
KY OLUO NQ U PLZOHJ PSLC PLONHC PSLC ONH >RKZ FDOQ@ PLZOHJ PLONHCG ON L[G GOLNCD []HL LHO] GC[S
[HNDD LJN GWL PHZQ OC[L ]CKJQ ML]LJF LLFDUH LLS OYC ]CKJD LJN U[HG PHZQD GQH
CNZ