zexrde zeaebz
zepey`xd lr xefgl – wqtd dl oi` ziyily dle`b
izprh .1ziyilyd dle`bl wqtd oi` ditl zxeqnl izqgiizd `"ryz oqip oeiliba
ly mixge`nd mialyl qgiae mieqn xywda dxn`p ,l"fg ixaca dxewny ,ef zxeqny
xewnk da yeniye ef zxeqn ueni`y ,cer izprh .miyxcna zx`ezn efy itk ,dle`bd
zepyxt deedn ,dle`bd ly xzei mincwen mialyl qgia xnelk ,epinia ikepige icenil
meyii da oi` la` ,oeghiad zcin ly iehia e` cizrl dlitz oirk xzei deedny ,dycg
.efd zixewnd zxeqnd ly
,zexg` mipt d`xn dfe gayl yxec df ,iixaca eltlt minkg icinlz dnke izikf
zeide ;iilk z` ynynle zepey`xd lr xefgl ize` exxer dl` zeaebz .dxez ly dkxck
:oldl) `"hily xalit awri axd icaekn ly ezaebz qetca dnqxtzd fenz oeilibae
.hexhexta eixacl qgiizdl dqp` ,2(t"ixd
:zexrd izy xir` ok iptl j`
miiwzde ,dpaed `l izpeeky daygn zexxern dpkeze daebzd ite`y ,oiiv` ziy`x
gikedl `a t"ixd ly ezaebz ixacn lecb wlg :"mixerya el ygike mihiga eprh" ia
dpxeb xinrk sqe` t"ixde ,mi`iapd e`aip dilr dle`bd ztewz `id epztewzy
m`d) ef dqitz lr miifkxnd miiywd cg` mr ccenzn ,l`xyi ilecbn zehhiv
zaiyae zeielb ueaiwa miny icqgn izenlrzd lr dnze ,(daeyza dielz dle`bd
ilecb oia zwelgna diepy recik `idy ,ef dcewpa wqr `l ixn`n j` .evx`l l`xyi
yxcn ziaa cenll izikf ip` mb .3epinil cre zepeivd zrted ziy`x onfn l`xyi
izprhl ik ef zxbqna da izwqr `l j` ,4`ibeqa zyaebne dxexa dtwyd ligpdy
ztewz'k dtewz zxcbd m`d :cala zg` dl`y izpga .oeicl zihpeelx dpi` `id
driawd mr gxkda dkexk ,ok mixaeqd itl ,'mi`iapd e`aip dilry ziyilyd dle`bd
dhytzdy il ixa .wqtd el oi`e ipeeikcg `ed ef dtewza `idy dcewp lka jildzdy
epi` epipia gekieed cwen j` ,t"ixd mb xeaq jke ,mitteg mipeicd ipy eli`k drcd
l`xyi ilecb i"r dzdefy dtewzy zexyt`d zl`ya `l` – dtewzd zxcbdl qgia
.liyad `ly jildzk carica xxazz 'dle`b'k
oqip) b ,`p oirnd ,"?mixen` mixac dna ± 'wqtd dl oi` ziyily dle`b'" ,lwpitxeb il`
.(ziyily dle`b ,lwpitxeb :oldl) 64-53 'nr ,(`"ryz
44-39 'nr ,(`"ryz fenz) c ,`p oirnd ,"ziyilyd l`xyi zle`b" ,xalit ield awri axd
.(l`xyi zle`b ,xalit axd :oldl)
ux`a o`k dxw mvra dn ef drc itl ,jnvr z` l`ey dz`" zipwqtd dprhd z` ,okl
l`xyi ilecbn dl`l zeptdl yi (42 'nr y`x ,my) "?zepexg`d mipyd d`na l`xyi
.(mler ilecb mr ea oecl ie`xd oepbqd edfy xeaq ipi`y s`) zxg` exaqy
.t"ixd ly yxcn zia eze`a
1
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dle`bd jildzy mxne`a l"fg zpeeky izprhl xewn oi`y orh t"ixd :zipy
yxetn xewn oi` ,ok` .5dle`ba xzei xge`n alyl zqgiizn lehiaxa epi` ziyilyd
miipyxtd zepexzid lre ,l"fg ixac z` jk yxtl zexyt`d lr izravd j` ,ef dprhl
miiywl dpey zeqgiizd rivdl ozip mpn` .zrpen `idy miiywde ef xaqd jxc ly
;elrpp `l zepyxt ixry j` ,l"fg ixacl mixg`e t"ixd ly myexit z` miiwle ,dl`
lit liirle wgcidl evl`p dgekny ,zipyxt ceqi zgpd jezn zraep mrvdy xeaq ip`
.ezrc z` yable mixac z` oegal onfen `xewd .hgn ly etewa
,aiydl yiy dna cwnzdl oeiqip jez ,'zeizcewp'd zeprhl qgiizdl ywa` ,dzr
.izazky dna oecle
,"clei xkfd oi`y myk" mixne`d miyxcnd oeyl z` izipiyy orh t"ixd .`
,irack dhxet `l yxcnd z` izpad jxcy xazqn .6"clei xkfdy" izazk mzxenze
ixn`na oiirnd .zkl zwigxn 7l"fg ixac z` izyaiyy dprhd j` ;`y` ip` ipeere
i"r dcill dcizrd dle`bd ly dienic" `ed miyxcnd zernyny wx izazk ik ,d`xi
itke ,"clei epi` xkfdy myk" miyxcnd ixac ly dheytd zernynd ef izrcl ;8"xkf
:azk yxcnd .oldl hxt`y
exary zereyz jk zclei dawpdy myk ,dawp my lr e`xwp exary zereyz lk
oi`y myk ,xkf my lr z`xwp `eal cizrl d`ad dreyz la` .ceary odixg` yi
dreyz jk ,(e ,l dinxi) 'ebe "xkf clei m` e`xe `p el`y" xn`py oiprk ,clei xkf
.ceary dixg` oi` `eal dcizrd
deeyn yxcndy ,d`xpk oiad t"ixd ."xkf my lr z`xwp" dreyzdy yxcna yxetn
,`id o`k yxcpd weqtd zernyn ,ef dpad itl .9xkfl e` dawpl dnvr dreyzd z`
xkfl dnec ziyilyd dle`bd – aey zcleid dawpl zenec zencewd zele`bdy ceray
dcild ,ditl :xexa ef zepyxta iyewd ,mpn` .oaxeg ly jildz dixg` oi`y jka
znerl ,izpadl !dle`b zpiivnk dcild ly dheytd zernynl cebipa ,oaxegk zyxtzn
dawp zclei ly dcildle`b oia deeyne ,dcill dreyzd z` deeyn yxcnd ,z`f
lr zxfeg dawp zcil :zecild oia lcadd z` ccgn yxcnd .xkf clei ly dcildle`bl
zcilk ziyilyd dle`bd xe`iz zernyn .dnvr lr zxfeg dpi` xkf zcil cera ,dnvr
.inrt cg mb jkitle ,i`lte iqip jildza xaecny `et` dxen xkf
t"ixd .10mlerd rah dpzyn mda miiqip mialy dle`ba mixicbn l"fgy izprh .a
.dxrda ,39 'nr ,l`xyi zle`b ,xalit axd
.42 'nr ,my
`gzix `nzqne ,ezaebza zenewn dnka dfk oepbql wwfp aibnd axd ?cifna ?bbeya
.ea dziid `ziixe`c
.56 'nr ,ziyily dle`b ,lwpitxeb
milyexi ,onhxd ryedi axd 'cdn ,gn wxt l`xyi gvp ,b`xtn l"xdn lynl oiad jk
.evyz-cvyz 'nr ,f"pyz
.59-58 'nr ,my
199 oeilb
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2
!11giynd zenia mlerd rahn xac lhazi `ly m"anxd ixaca yxetn ixdy ,dnz
,"rahd jxca dle`b" `id ziyilyd dle`bd ditl zllek dyibl mitxhvn mixacd
.12my zxzekd oeylk
zeni ly miite`e mzedn zpada mipey mipeeik miriten epizexewnay ,xirdl yi
xe`l dze` izpga ,ziyxcn dxnin gezipa izwqry oeeik .dle`bd ztewze giynd
,mlerd raha miizedn miiepiy zx`znd ,l"fga dle`bd ly zlaewnd dqitzd
,l`eny `xen`k rixknd ,m"anxd zhiy .13miihtilwet` mirexi` zxey lr driavne
miaehe miax ewqr xake ,14ifkxnd oeeikd on dpey dxe`kl d`xpd oeeik z`han
oi`y `l` ,rahd iepiya xaecn ik mikqn l`eny mby miprehd yi :15mixacd aeyiia
mixg` ;16ocr oba `hgd mcew mc`d ly iziy`xad avnl daiy `l` iepiy e`xewl
oeeik ;17miirah `eal cizrl eidi miqipde zeipgexdy jkl `id ezpeeky mixiaqn
mialyl mcwzne rahd jxca ligznd ,bxecn jildzk dle`bd xe`iz `ed xg` laewn
mipexg`d zexeca oeiv zaiy z` ex`izy mibedd ,mixacd xe`l .18xzei miabyp
`l` ,lkd zefg dpid 'zirah'd dle`bdy llk jxca eprh `l 'dle`b' ly mibyena
,wlg wxtl m"anxd zncwd ;b ,`i my r"re ;` ,ai ,zenglne mikln 'ld ,dxez dpyn
.glw 'nr ,a"pyz milyexi ,zliy wgvi axd 'cdn ,dpynl m"anxd zencwd :jeza
.42 'nr ,l`xyi zle`b ,xalit axd
daxd cere ,p ,en ,dl-cl miwxt l`xyi gvp ,b`xtn (l"xdn) `eeil dcedi 'x :lynl e`x
zpyna mipeir :dpen` zxc` ,miidklw ifer axd :e`x ,l"xdn ly dle`bd zqitz lr)
oinipa ;295-273 'nr ,e"lyz milyexi ,l`xyi zpen` ly ceqi zeibeqa mipexg`e mipey`x
x"enc`d ;(c"lyz aia`Îlz ,b`xtn l"xdnd ly zigiynd eztwyd :l`xyi gvp ,qexb
ac :xwgnae ;`kx-hix 'nr ,a"g ,g"qyz milyexi ,dle`b ixry ,oeqxe`ipy lcpn mgpn
.f"qyz obÎznx ,miipiad inia zicedid zebda igiynd oeirxd ,uxeey
,dle`bd zeigvp z` eizeklda llk `iad `l m"anxdy al miyl yi ,eply xywda mb
wigxdl oi`e …ce`n dlecb dcnzd ezekln cinzze" azek `ed wlg wxt zncwdae
– uawzi xy`k dlernd ueawdy exn` xak minkgdy itl ,mipy itl` ezekln cinzzy
'nr ,a"pyz milyexi ,zliy axd 'cdn ,dpynl m"anxd zencwd) "cxti dxdna `l
crl zniiwd ze`ivnl dpeekd oi`y o`kn rnyny zliy axd ly exe`ia e`xe ,(hlw-glw
wqet `ed ,cbpn .(df mewn d`xn lr uiaewyxd igv axd icicil dcez ;btw-atw 'nr ,my)
.(` ,h daeyz ,dxez dpyn) zelb lelkl ieyr mi`hg lr yperdy – zexecl ,dlecbd dtewzd ,xyk lcpn mgpn axd) d ,ai my ,my m"anxd ixacn exird x`yd oia
.(397 'nr `"g ,`"qyz milyexi
.bizz-aizz 'nr a"g ,onhxd 'cdn ,p wxt l`xyi gvp
wew dcedi iav axd mixeriy inekiq :zl`ebd dxezd jezn ,uxey `edia` miig axd
.fv 'nr ,b"nyz milyexi ,`"g ,(d"ivxd)
yexita ;aqw-gpw 'nr ,b"qyz wxa ipa ,f egiyn zereyi ,l`paxa` wgvi 'x :lynl e`x
x"enc`d ;my lwpxt 'cdna e`aedy `"xbd ixacae ,my m"anxd ixac lr f"acxd
wecv iax ;cnx-hix 'nr ,my ,dle`b ixry :e`x ;dagxda `yepa oc lirl xkfedy uiaaeln
miig ezxezn uaiwy zexewna cer e`xe ;` xn`n ,zayd zyecw ,(oilaeln) uiaepiax
.c"pyz milyexi ,l"wevf oilaeln odkd wecv iax ly dle`bd zxez :il`eb ig ,yxid
3
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18
mya ,df aly mb ike ,dpiipaae ux`l daiya 'd icqgn mlrzdl oi`y jk lr eriavd
,oaenk .19l"fg ixaca x`eznd xzei deabd caexd z` elly `l j` – `xwi 'dle`b'
miirah migpena dle`bd z` ex`iz miipiad inia micedid miteqelitd on miax
izazky gezipd j` ,mipey mipte`a l"fg ixac z` mzqitz xe`l exiaqde ,mipey
.izrcl zlaewn xzeid dqitzl qgiizd
mialyl zqgiizn dle`bd 'zeigvp'y oerhl jxevl zeifkxnd zeaiqd zg` .b
ipgexd eavn oia zyxetn dwif zxveid ,"reny m` dide" zyxt `id ,xzei mixge`n
dpi` dle`bd ea alya ep`y driawd zernyn ,dxe`kl .ux`a zayl ezekfl mrd ly
20hhvn t"ixd .xzei swz epi` ,mei lka miinrt xn`pd ,df i`pzy `id ,lhazdl dleki
,miyxetn mixacd ,ok` ;21ip`W
¦ ¨ ziyilyd dle`ba ik miazekd l`paxa`e b"qx ixacn
d`xp mdixacn ,daxc` ?miipey`xd dle`bd ialyl xak mzpeeky epl oiipn j`
ixacy miprehd mr my qnltzn b"qx :xzei mcwzn alyl `weec `id dpeekdy
ixdy ,jk yxtl okzi `ly d`xne ,ipy zia inia xak eniiwzd dreyid lr mi`iapd
wxtd jynda .dlha ipy zia zle`b cera ,lhazz `ly dle`b lr e`aip mi`iapd
xicbdl ozip `ly jkn cnele ,ipy zia inia eniiwzd `ly zetqep zeghad b"qx dpen
oia .oey`x zia oaxeg ixg`e iptl mi`iapd eqgiizd dil` 'dle`b'k ipy zia ini z`
mitqep mipiipre ,jildzd seqa uextl dxen`y bebne beb zngln z` b"qx oiivn x`yd
`weec `id zlhazn dpi`y dle`bd ecicl s`y ,`et` xxazn .rahd iepiya mikexkd
.exkfedy mincwznd mialyd z` zllekd ef
ccgl aey ywa` ,`akek xa `ed giyndy `aiwr 'x ly eiedifl xywa izxrdl qgia
dyrn xg`ly dnkgay `l` ,drh `aiwr 'xy izprh `l :dpey`xa izazky z`
– 'd zgbyd aexl .22dliyad `ly zexyt`a xnelk ,cala 'uw'a did xaecny xxazd
,d"awd z` aiign epi` dlebnd uwd z` miiedify mnvra exikd eicinlze `aiwr 'x
.mi`ad zexecl dxezd z` eligpd md cxnd oelyk xg`l dpen` xayn mewnae
miny icqg cere cere ,el` lk m`d" ?"eid `lk dle`b zepy d`n" :dnz t"ixd .c
dn …?gxt `axer md el` lk m`d ,ze`ltpe miqipa epytp zecte epzle`b z` mieelnd
zqitz lr ;42-40 'nr ,a"qyz milyexi ,oeiv zyixc ,xyilw yxid iav axd :lynl e`x
'nr ,`"qyz aia`Îlz ,wew axd bega xayne xbz` ,uxeey ac :e`x ,d"ivxde wew axd
.my zexewnae 45-38
.43-42 'nr ,l`xyi zle`b ,xalit axd
wxt ,ipiny xn`n ,gt`w sqei axd mebxza ,zercae zepen`a xgapd ,oe`b dicrq epiax
xewn m`d ax wtq ,eixac okezl xyw ila ,izrc zeiprl .cpx-bpx 'nr ,l"yz milyexi ,f
jyndn :(oey`xd ixn`na ici lr hhev `l mb `ed jkitle) df oeica epze` ynyl leki df
cre m`d ipexwr oeic miiw ;ixvepÎihp` qenlet `ed xywddy ,d`xp (fpx 'nr) my eixac
,hay wgvi ix` axd lv` k"r e`x ;miiqenlet mihqwhn zepwqn wiqdl ozip dnk
.l"nk`e ,68-49 'nr ,(a"qyz) `i xdv
Ÿ ,"l"fg iyxcn ly aiignd mtwez"
dtewzd ,xyk :r"r ;61 'nr ,ziyily dle`b ,lwpitxeb :l"pd ixn`na izazky dn e`x
,b"qyz milyexi ,yexit :m"anxl giyn zekld ,xpia` dnly axd ;386 'nr `"g ,dlecbd
.40 'nr
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4
aiyn `ed cg` cvn ?d"awd ly dfd jldna yi oeibd dfi` ,epnr dyr d"awd mvra
ep`y llba ux`dn epze` wlqn `ed seqale ,mi`heg ep`y zexnl ux`l epze`
dle`bdy my eixacl ztxhvn ef ezprh ?23"dfn lecb cxeqa` oi`d – mi`heg
.24daeyza dielz dpi` ziyilyd
,mi`hg miccen ji` mb rcei ipi` ;miny zepeayg oiadl xniizn ipi` ip` mle`
xzei e` zegt aeyg ux`d z` ayiine micqg lneb j` zay xney epi`y in m`de
rxi`y itk ,gztzz `ly okzi j` ,lvpl epilry zepncfd eplaiw .25"deexta wicv"n
lhen ,ok` .26`xep oeq` eteqe – zeinnewe zeglvd eziy`xy ,`akek xa cxn ztewza
'x bdpy itk ,oeiv zaiye ux`d oiipa jildz z` mcwle lertl ,gehal ,oin`dl epilr
didi `l mrtd ok`y dpen` mi`lnzn ep` ,df jildz mcwzny lkk .epnfa `aiwr
,mewn ly epeayg mircei eppi` ,z`f mr .mcwzie jiyni jildzde "iltp xa"a xaecn
dpi` ,mieqn lelqnl mlerd oeaix z` sekl zywand ,'jk wx' driawdy mixeaq ep`e
epbidpdl ywai mlerd oeaixy dxwna ynn ly zepkq daega zpneh s`e ,dpekp
minei` mr zeccenzdd ite`a iehia icil `eal zeieyr dl` zepkq .xg` lelqna
lelry lecbd xayde ,dpen`d xeyina mb j` ,l`xyi zpicn lr miipevige miinipt
.27dkfp `l m` e"g mra mxbidl
.epinia dxdna dnily dle`bl dkfpy oevx idie
lwpitxeb il`
ä
ä ä
zeevn miiwn epi`y xb oipra ztqep daebz
`iadl liie xfril` axd ipnn ywia 92 'nr (c ,`p) `"ryz fenz oeilba ezaebza
xeibd jxrn iy`xe ipaxy" (104 'nr [b ,`p] `"ryz oqip) eiptly oeilba iixacl oikeniz
ezrcly oeikn – "uegle dtyd on mzlaw lk mixiibznd ly lecbd maexy micirn envr
:izprhl zeyxetn zegked iz`vne izgxh okl .llk oekp epi` df
oekna xn`y mixac lelnzn ,mdey aeyiid ax ,eizq cec axd ixac jezn hehiv .`
.42 'nr ,l`xyi zle`b ,xalit axd
.41-40 'nr ,my
.101-97 'nr ,e"pyz l` zia ,dle`bd iaizpa ,xinh oxr axd :jeza lynl k"r e`x
zexecd ikildza 'd zbdpd ikxc z` zexg` zeax mikxca oiadl ozip ,lirl izxrd itk
.mipexg`d
;(44 'nr ,l`xyi zle`b ,xalit axd) "zepzqeaz" ef dqitz dpkn t"ixd recn izpad `l
zerha dle`bk mipexg`d zexecd irexi` zqitzy giken dfr lagn iepitdy izprh `l
jk lr dcnrdd mvr ,izrcl .zeihnbec zexin`a zepkqd lr izcnr `l` ,dceqi
.zxg` zeccenzd jxc zxvei ,lehia zxa dpid ,df alya ,dle`bdy
5
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jxrn y`x mr cia ci car eizq cec axd ;g"qyz oeiq a"ka dihxwencl il`xyid
dne ,xeibd jxrna dxewy dnl ahid rcen `ed i`ceea okae ,*onwexc miig axd xeibd
:eixac dke .xeibd mlera zniiwd ze`ivnl xy`a eiy`x zrc
zeevn ler zlaw ezernyny xeib miyxec mdy mipreh zinyx xeibl oicd iza lk"
zexiwgd zcine zepcygd zcina `ed icxgd mlerd oial mpia lcadd lke ,mlekl
zeipicnd z`f .mixwege miyxec epgp` oi` .mixiibzn mze` ixg` zeyixcde
…dfd oipra ofex axd ly exn`nae dfd oipra qa axd ly exn`na oiir ,zinyxd
d`ex dz`yk .zeevne dxez mixney mpi` mixiibznd aex – dira yi `wr `c
,80% e` 70% e` 60% df m` gekie yi dwihqihhqd ogana z`fd d`vezd z`
ip` ,cg` s`a rbet `l ip`y dewn ip` ,mii`avd mixeibae .dpyn jk lk `l df
."zeevne dxez mixney mpi`y 90% `l` 70% `le 60% `l dfy xndl oken
oeknd'e 'dyxen zia' c"ndia y`x epidy qcpxa dcedi x"c axd ixac mkiptl ixde .a
lel` ,`k 'zencw`' zrd azka riten exn`n .xeibd iptle` z` lirtnd 'zecdi icenill
:"dvixw ixeib" zxzekd zgz ,'dyxen zia' z`veda ,g"qyz
elld .mnvr mixiibznle xeibd iptle`a mixenl ahid zxken z`fd miipiad zyib"
md eli`k d`xzy jxca eizel`yl aiydl mdilr oicdÎzia iptl mcneray mircei
aexy gkenc `pcne`d on mlrzn oicdÎzia .zepivxa zeevn miiwl mipeekzn
gxe` itÎlr zeigle zizcd dxagl sxhvdl miczrzn mpi` elld mixbd ly maex
."`ln zeevn meiw ly miig
z`ved ,xen cxe z`n) zexiibzn ly orqn – "zexb zlibn" xtqn mihehiv o`k ixde .b
:zxagnd zazek "xac seq"a 168 'nra ;(r"yz milyexi ,qn oae`x
miqxhpi` jezn xeibd dyrp eae ,ea micen mixiibzndn miaxy ,ielbd avnd"
,zicedid zcl axwzdl ipey`xe ok oevx jezn `le ,miizeaxze miizxag ,miigxf`
dlert mitzyn mdy mircei md .dira miizkld miyp` ly mgztl cinrn i`ceea
zxzqde zepk xqeg ,zeihpqxhpi` ly miax miielib ea yiy iziira jild mr
,zizc dti`y jezn micedi zeidl miywand mieb o`k oi` ,aex it lr ,ixdy ,zn`
il`xyiÎicedid aihwlewa zegepa alzydl miywand mixbdnÎmiler `l`
."zipxcende zihxwencd l`xyi zpicnay
dl'bp` ,zexiibzn izy ly zeiecr ze`aen ,mipt zcnrd zxzekd zgz 126 'nrae
:dpil`e
elit` ile` ef .df z` jl cibdl gep dyibxn jk lk `l ip` ,jl cib` ip` dn"
epcnrd eplek …zeriav oend o`k yi .epybxd dkk la` …zxne` ip`y dtveg
mb dkynp miptd zcnrde ,eply mixend ipira og `evnl ick dzika mipt
miigl qh dz` …`vei dz`y rbxa …oicd ziaa mbe epgx`zd dlv`y dgtyna
,invr zeidl dleki `l ip`y izybxd qxewd ly z`fd dtewzd lk .jly milnxepd
eidy micinlz onfd lk eid qxewa …dpnn xxgzydl dvex dz`y dyw dybxd ef
ip` .mzq did lkd df ,miiaihw` mnvr z` ze`xdle ,zel`y ipin lk mil`ey
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`l df .bivdl dleki `l ip` ik ,onfd lk le`yl `le dpita zayl invrl izxga
md dn liaya mirceie o`kl e`ay dl` dyrnl …zeriav zade` `l ip` ,ip`
."zerav`a mze` xetql xyt` …ynn dfl mipeekzne ,e`a
xary dne oxeib jildz lr "zexiibzn" 23 mr miiyi` zepei`x jezn azkp l"pd xtqd
dxega wx ,l"pd xtqa mixe`izd lk itl .eixg`e dyrn zrya ozpeeke ozybxde ,odilr
mr dxiibzd ,zizin` zexb myl dligzkln xeib qxewl dribdy ,dwie mya ,zg`
,[iwlg zeevn meiw] zeizxeqnk zeevn zeniiwn odn rax` .dnily zeevn zlaw
."zexb"d ixg` ,xge`n xzei alya daeyza exfg mizy .oicd zia z` enix heyt x`yde
.dxnd zcerz lawl wx `l` – xiibzdl dpeek lk dzid `l oaexly – lkn xengde
ezrc zeega ,ipaxd hetiyl ihtynd ureid ,iawri oerny axd c"er ly eixac el`e .c
:107 'nra "zeevnd zlawa zepk xqeg awr xeib lehia" u"bal dybedy
,2008 seql cre 1996 zligzn mipyd 13Îa :dlahd on zeipey`x zepwqn oldl"
328) mixb 1,313 eid mkeza .miype mixab 237,042 mdy ,zebef 118,521 eyxbzd
5.5 `eti` did miyxbznd llk jezn (miyp llek) mixbd xeriy .(miyp 985Îe mixab
mixbd ly 2.8% wx .zeevn exny `l mixbd jezn 97.2% ,oiyexibd zra .linext
.oiyexibd zra zeevn exny
oihib d`nk izkxr zepexg`d mipya :`"za c"a` `"hily op`y y"xbd cirn oke .d
`le "xbd" mdly hba epazk okle ,zeevne dxez xney did `l mdn cg` s`e ,mixbl
.(h"qyz 'l`xyi zgtyn gvp' qpka eixac) "epia` mdxa` oa"
e`l n"ixbd da mixag eidy 'dwica zcre' ziy`xd zepaxd dniwd b"nyz zpya .e
dkln n"xbde milyexi ly dax l"vf y`yn y"xbd da etzzyde ,`"z ly dax `"hily
zeevn llk mixney mpi` mixbdn 80%" :oldlck eid dcreed zepwqn .z"t ly dax l"vf
zeccea zeevn dfi` miniiwn maex xzide ,zay axra zexp miwilcn mpi` elit`e
lcbn' z"ey) "xzei rexb mavn xeibl micgeind oic izaa exiibzdy el`e …cala
b"xbde `"hily hqilaniv b"xbdl `"hily e`l n"ixbd ixac ,bi 'nr hl 'iq b"g 'mitev
.(`"hily cexlqw`
iy`xn ,oiihyphkil dyn axd ixac z` oiivl yi ,l"pd dnebrd ze`ivnl xywda .f
:1145 xywd sca "oeivr xd" zaiyi oelra dnqxtzdy ezgiya ,"oeivr xd" zaiyi
iaiqn xeibl oeiqpa xaecn m`y zirnynÎcgd driawd `id eppiprl xzei daeyg"
onwexc axdy zeipicnl dneca ,exiibzd xaky el` lr sqep ,xeaivd aex ly
epipir .zeevn zlaw daxwa likdl lkez `ly zexba xaecn ,mirivn eikneze
jezn eiig z` ig epi` minrd xagn dvx` ribdy xeaivd ly eaex aexy ze`exd
dxagd z` ztwyn ,zipelig ezqitz .izc miig gxe` ldpn e` ,zizc mler zqitz
un`iy zexiaqd .jk lr `ltzdl oi`e ,`a `ed dpnn zi`texi`de zihqipenewd
jezn xiibzdl `a `ed xy`k ,miizc dxkde repky jezn zizc mler zqitz rztl
.xzeia dyelw ,zipelig dnvr `id lecbd daexay zil`xyid dxagl xeagl oevx
avndy dtvpy recn ,miizc mpi` zevrend zixan elry micedid ly maex m`
exiibziy rbxae xzei izc rwxn mi`a md ike ?myn e`ay miebd lv` dpey didi
7
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zrepzy ,gxkdd on ?'oixcdnl lef' z` cewtl eligzie 'mrh aih'a zepwl ewiqti
mixacd z` xnel yi .zeevn zlaw `ll mixeib lr diepa didz ziaiqn xeib
`ll zexb `id zrvend zexbd aihy oiadle ,ze`ivnd l` han xiyidl ,ielba
."dnecn ze`ivnl qgiizdl `le ,zeevn zlaw
zlaw lbxl exeriya ,envr onwexc miig axd ixacl aihid aiywdl yi df lk xe`l .g
`yepa ezelirt lr ,`"ryz xii` `"i meia oli` xa zhiqxaipe`n ceak myl x"c x`ez
:xeibd
`l mc`y dprhd iabl .dkldd t"r dyrp xeib lk ,xeibl oicd izaay zrcl aeyg"
df oiiprl mby miwqeta drc yi ,zeevn xenyle xiibzdl dvex `edy jkl oeekzd
xn` `ed dn `l` ayg mc` dn dpyn `l okle ,mixac mpi` alay mixac
…"("odk zrc"a lynl riten)
dnebrd ze`ivnl ygkzn epi`y ,envr onwexc axd ly oic lra z`ced o`k yi ok`
azkpy ,bpw 'iq odk zrc z"eyn `iad ji` – izax ddinz eilr denzl yi j` .l"pd
cpw 'iq my daeyzd z` xikfd `l j` ,my cirdy enk mixtq xqegn oeftga r"xza
ezrc myy ,mixtq oexqgae oeftiga dazkpy da xkfp `le ,g"txz zpyn `xza `idy
dpw 'iqae y"iir ,dlg zexbd oi`y zevn xny `l k"g`e miny myl `ly xiibzpay
zeevn mixney mpi`yk e"we ,dnecke zeyi` myl mixeibd cbp zepeaxck mixac
inl ixy`e" :dpw 'iqa miiqe .jytp dnn xeir iptl xeqi` oiprae ,mzeieba ex`ypy
oiincl `xewl gip` ."aeh zkxa eilr `eaz ,l`xyi ly ozxdh lr xenyl uxta cnery
lr ,zizcd zepeivd ipax ly max ,l"vf wew axd iy`xd axd zn`d mlera xaeq dn
!milg mpi` ezrcly zexib iyrn lr l"pd ceak x"c x`ez zwprd
:zxaega df lr sq`p ax xneg j` ,ef zxbqna zeiecr ieaixa o`k jix`dl dyw
i"ldvd xeibd zekxrna ygxznd lr mixeng mi`vnn hwl – igxf`de i"ldvd xeibd"
.`"ryz oeiq milyexi ,"igxf`de
,(w 'iq a"g c"ei) wgvi zia z"ey lr mipryp xeibl oicd izay azky dnl xy`ae .a
mdly xzidd lk dpd .(ek 'iq b"g) xfrig` z"eye (lx 'iq w"ecdn) zrce mrh aeh z"ey
xzidk `le zeniieqn zeaiqpa wx df s`e] zeyi` myl `ed ripndy s` xiibl `ed
zeevn zlaw mr miny myl zeidl zexibd dkixvy mdixaca yxetn n"n j` – [sxeb
micinrne zeevn zlaw myl mzpeek oi` `aexc `aexay icdq op` o`k ixde ,mly ala
alay mixac dfa xn`p `le ,l"pd zeiecra onvr zexiibznd itn eprnyy enke ,mipt
lkn l`xyi ilecb dpene jledy ,l"pd iaewri axd ly zrc zeega 'ire .mixac mpi`
ilecbe .dpk zeevn zlaw ila xeib elqty – zizcd zepeivd ipax ilecb llek – mibegd
.el` miwtwetn mixeib cbp `ikexkk egeev epiptly zexecae epxeca xecd
z"eya l"vf bevxd ield wifii` wgvi axd l`xyil iy`xd axd azky dn mkl `d
:b ze` `k oniq `"g xfrd oa` wgvi lkid
il yi ,md mixb mlek caricay `ed l"f mi`pzd inin xak oicdy i"tr`y rce"
k"re ,enra scxpe dfap oiixard did l`xyia miptly itl ,f"dfa ipivx yyg
,zeyi` dzid jkl ezripdy dpey`xd daiqdy i"tr` ,zecdi ieb eilr laiwyk
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yelz `di ziiebd dxagdne) zicedid dxaga c`n rx eavn `diy rci ixd
wx `le ,miyteg yi daxd k"ky epinia k"`yn ,dxezk bdpzi `l m` (xwrpe
yi k"re ,zeldwde dne`d y`xa cer micnery `l` df llba miywzn mpi`y
`ed daiqd meyny `l` ,zeevnd z` xenyl eilr lawn zn`a eppi`y yegl
l"i epiniae ,laiwe xnb eqpe` ab`y xne` `"ahixde .enr la eal la` eita xne`
,l"ce zn`a xenyl ezrca xenbl el dnl la` xne`y dn xne` `ed eqpe` ab`y
ezrc ayizzy cr dxwn lka opeazdl axd lr xzeia zlhen zeixg`d meid k"re
."epycw zc z` exnyi zn`ay xazqn elld mc` ipay eilr
mixb md mizekdy xne`d ixack dkld d"c a"r ck sc zenaia `"ahixd zrc dpde
e`l `d – [zeevn ler] mdilr elaiwe exnb ediiqpe` ab`y oeikn [md zn` ixb c"nl]
z` mdilr elaiw ediiqpe` ab` ly z`fd `xaqd lk j` .y"iir mixb eed `l ikd
:gk 'iq b"g mdxa` xaca dilr azk ,zevnd
dy` mby eiykr k"`yn ,ixc ixeyk`c mcwn minia mdipnfa wx jiiy did dfe"
qep` `di `l zexibd xg` mbe ,zecdia mibdep mpi` daiaqdn lecb wlg mbe ef
oeik lawne xnb diqpe` ab` xnel jiiy `l ,dxezd zevn miiwl cv meyn llk
eala ayegy dn mr oipr epl oi`c eazky yiy dn c"re …eie`n biyi ikd e`lac
dlyp ji` eiykr la` ,mcwn minia wx jiiy did df ,mixac ied `l alay mixacc
z` k"g` eniiwi `ly gkenc `pcne`a mixwnd aexa mircei ep`yk epnvr z`
eed alay mixac s` gkenc `pcne` `ki`cae ,dfl llk mal oi`e ,zeevnd
."mixac
zxdvd didz gxkda ,iqt` `ed miny myl mixiibznd feg`y ,ux`a o`k epiniae
,micedi mr ozgzdl mileki oi` xiibzdl ila ik .uegle dtyd on oicd zia iptl xiibznd
ab`c gkenc `pcne` oi`y wx `l ,ok m`e .dxaga alzydl ick mixiibzn mbe
lky mzligz lr giken – zeevn miniiwn oi`y – mteq ,`axc` `l` ,ilawn ediiqpe`
.[mazki xrp ,xtqn iznn ueg] uegle dtyd on dzid mzexib
ixeibl sxebd xykd lr l`xyi ilecb ly "dlecb d`gn"d ixac jezn hehiva miiq`e
:`"ryz exzi 't w"yvenn l"dv
xwir mey mnvr lr lawl elld miebd zpeeka did `ly mircei lkd ,ocic oecipe"
leki hrnke rcei cg` lke ,dgtynd zxdh `le zexyk `le zay `l ,zcd ixwirn
b"g) xfrig`d azk xake ,zecdi lawl mzpeek oi` el` miieby utg zhiwpa xnel
lelig ,dxez ixeqi` lr ok ixg` xeari i`ceay xacd xexay `kid" (c ze` ek 'iq
eale miptl wx xiibzn epi`y ezpeek xexiaa mircei ep`e zetixh zlik`e zay
."`ed melk e`l zeevnd eilr lawny xne`y dny gkenc `pcne` ixd ,enr la
xpf`ee y"xbd ,aiyil` y"ixbd epinia miwqetd ilecb my`xae ,l`xyi ilecb ixd
,xfrig`d t"r ,dxexa dxeva miraewe ,mebrd avnd lr miriavn md s` ,uilxw p"xbde
.eit lr elld mixeib xiykdl dpryne oryn oi`e ,mitwz mpi` elld mixeiby
,dxezd zkxaa
a"a , i w g v i c i e c
9
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ä
ä ä
envr xeibd jxrn iy`xe ipaxy" ezprh qeqial `iadl iwgvi axd gxhy zegkedd
eprh" zpigaa od "uegle dtyd on mzlaw lk mixiibznd ly lecbd maexy micirn
:"mixerya el aiyde mihig
exn`p (`"hily onwexc axd ixacl hxt) iwgvi axd `iady mihehivd lk .`
.eiy`xn mpi`y i`ceeae ,xeibd jxrnl mixeyw mpi`y el`k ly mditn
mpi` mixiibzndn miaxy drecid dcaerl miqgiizn iwgvi axd ly eihehiv lk .a
iixaca !wleg oi` ef zxrvn dcaer lr mle` ;mxeib xg` ie`xk zeevn mixney
ixn`na hxetnk) "uegle dtyd on `id mzlaw"y gxkda xne` df oi`y izprh
axd ixac mbe ,("zeevn miiwn epi`y xb" jli`e 54 'nr [` ,p] r"yz ixyz 'oirnd'a
mixiibznd aex ly zeevnd zlaw zeid lr zecr millek mpi` mihhevnd onwexc
axd zprhl oikeniz ok` yi eixacny cigid `ed qiicpxa axd .uegle dtyd on
jxrn iy`x zcnr z` mibviin mpi`e bviil exniizd `l eixac ote` lkae ,iwgvi
zkxrnd j` ,eixacl daebz 'zencw`' zkxrnl izgly s` epnfa) eipaxe xeibd
.(mnqxtl `ly dilewiyn dticrd
,dxezd zkxaa
liie xfril`
ä
ä ä
dkldd wqta mxebk wqetd ly eal ziihp oipra
dnk iabl l"f wp`xt t"vxbd ly eixac e`aed 93 'nr [c ,`p] `"ryz fenz 'oirnd'a
did ef dklda oiirl mzyib zligzy jezn'y ,dfd onfa ziriay oipra exingdy miwqet
seq fiw zenai) l"f mxn`n mdilr ip` `xew ,`weec mixingndn zeidl mpevx zgz
,aizk dxez ixaca `edd – mc`l mc`d al ok miptl miptd mink weqtd lr (`"r
.'eke '`qxib jl cinrdl cner jal dxezl ozep dz`y ale mipt itl i"yx yxite
`i sc ,d`lde q"yz mlyexi zxecdn) c"eig q"zg z"ey zncwda k"ynn xirdl yie
lecbd epiaxn izrny dpd :l"fe (utg dpde d"c ep oniq) a"g cec oxeb z"ey mya (`"r
rcei z"ide ,eaal xikn d"awdy eaala envra rcil jixv mc`dy ,r"if xteq mzg lra
dfi` el `ayk ,[q"zgd oxn] envr lr xn`e .`xead oevx zeyrl wx eaala el oi`y
`l rixkdl ezpeek oi`y jkl ezrc oieekl `ed jixv oiiri mxh dl`yd e`xewa ,z"ey
aiydl dvexy ezrc oeekzny wx ,xehtl e` aiigl df oipra xziddl `le xeqi`dl
– aiydl ezrca dlery dn df ixg`e ;dxezd ozep iptl zn` `edy – zn`d eiyxecl
xkfp did m`y ,miwqetn e` 'nbn el dywie l`eyd aiyi aeyy t"r`e .zn`l qtez df
cinrdl gxeh did `le ez`xedn xfege xkfp did wqetn e` df q"yn daizkd zrya
ytgn didy envra rcei `ede ,oey`x mrta d"awd milrdy xg`n j` ,epice ezxaq
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.oeird wnera mcinrdl mwcvl mipey`xd eixac livdl al ozep ,zn`d xg` eipira
.k"r
zexewna oeird mcewy il xn` (cere ciec ozp q"gn) l"f dicaer cec iax ixen mle`
yie .l"kr .daeyzd aezkle zexewnd ytgl yi aeye ,dkldd dn hilgdl yi dkldd
f sc) l"pd q"zg z"ey zncwda y"ntr (t"vxbd xikfdy miwqetd ixace) eixac x`al
daeyz zexedly ,l"f q"zg axd mya (dncwda) daeyz zexxerzd z"ey mya (`"r
`i sc my) q"zg z"ey zncwda r"re .diriiq dixnc `xab zeidl jixv dyrnl dkld
,eiwenip z` iteya x`al lki `lyk s` l"f q"zg axd ea xfg `l okle .(k ze` `"r
k"yn (n 'nr) a"ge (`pw 'nr) `"g l`xyi ly mdia` xtqa r"re .my dncwda xkfpke
cr dxeza lnry mc`y ,oiwifp lr ixfr ia` xtql ezncwda l"f jy n"`xbdl 'ire .dfa
dxez zrc `id elkye ezrc f`e ,hyten lky `ed elky if` ribdl elkya yiy dnk
ea yi `ed s` oey`xd lkyendy dizriqe l"f dicaer c"xdnl l"q okle .y"iir .ynn
.zn`d l` ea oiekl e`xea edxfrie ,`inyc `zriiq
,dxezd zkxaa
uxt dyn
ä
ä ä
? 'migzez xya'
,(`"ryz `"pn) cecy`a milihd ztwznn wxa ipaa yetpl eribdy cecy`n mikxa`
xefgl oi`"y dziid ezaeyz ?cecy`l xefgl m`d `"hily iwqaipw miig iax z` el`y
`aeny dn z` zxzeq ef daeyz dxe`kl .zicxgd zxeywza mqxet jk ."dpkq mewnl
xtq iaeyi eyhpii jk eyri mlek m`" ik ,dpkq mewnn xewrl oi`y 28`"efgd mya
?"d`ld dne ,wxa ipal wzrei leabde ,epvx`a mixf eayiizi f`e miniiwd
'iq g"e` jexr ogley) mixg` zenewnl xtq xir oia lcad miiwy ce`n okzi mle`
ik ,llkd ornl ziyi`d ezaeh z` gipdl mc`d yxcp xtq xira `weec .(e 'rq hky
"yakidl dgep `dz myn"y elek aeyiid ly oekiq oitiwra deedn xtq xir zaifr
devn znglnn wlg `id xira zex`yidd `linne ,(xtql d"c ` ,dn oiaexir i"yx)
xir dpi` xy` xira mle` .ddeab oekiq znx envr lr zgwl mc`d jixve xzen day
oiick ynyl izikf on`pd jcar ip`y ,dl` xeibl oicd iza…" :eixaca my yxit xy`k
onwexc axd ly miteifd `xwpy dn ixetiqn mvra wlg ,dl`d miakxddn wlga
mikixv eid f`e ,oiic akxd lka zayl aiigy e`l axd ly dpwz dzid ixdy ,ia mixeyw
,iznzg cinz ip` gxkda `l la` ,mipeica izayi ip` f` ,zayl iz`a ip` f` – ize`
."onwexc axd ici lr jk xg` enzged – miwizdn lecb wlg – miwizdn wlg f`e
"zfbten xira mixebn" bxaqif awri axd ly exn`n jeza (a ,`p) `"ryz zah 'oirnd'
.57 'nr
11
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*
28
oi`y okzi ,jex` onf jyna milih ly zepype zexfeg zetwzdn zlaeq `ide ,xtq
"dqip dlitp zligz" l"fg zkxcdy xnel xyt` .mnewna x`yidl mieEvn
¦
miayezd
`id xtqd on wegx mewn ly zipend daifr ly dribtdy cera ,zifgd iabl wx swz
axd `iady zexewnd c"prl .dngln ly devn da zex`yida oi`e ,zil`xen dxwira
mda oi` mle` ,ghyl aie` ly dqipk xexbz daifrd eay avnl miqgiizn 29bxaqif
.cala zil`xen dlitp ly dpkql daeyz
,milagnd z` sweze lret oehlyd eay avn oia wlgl ozip m` dl`ya oecl xzep
un`nn wlgk ile` lewy axwa
§ miliigl xird iyp` mipzepy il`xend wefigd f`y
dribtn oir milrne ,mcl mc oia dltn oehlyd ea xy` mebr avn oial ,dnglnd
miayezdy sicr df avnay okzi icxeqa` ote`a .ux`d fkxna dpi`y xird iayeza
xyak mze` xizedl mewna dtwzn mefile zyrzdl oehlyd lr evgli md jkae ,eafri
…migzez
il`Îxa l`ix`
ä
ä ä
dkxad oipra s"ixd zqxib
* oaeyiia l`xyi iza zii`x lr
,zqpk iza opi`y miza zii`x lr 'dpnl` leab aivn' zkxa zripn lr oc il`xa axd
(a ,gp zekxa) l"aix xn`n z` yxit s"ixdy oiady (g"aa `aend) l"yxdnd t"r
mya sqei ziaa mb zxkfen ef drc .l`xyi ly zeiqpk izaa `weec "l`xyi iza d`exd"
."azk s"ixde"
miqtcend s"ixd ixtqa wx miriten "l`xyi ly zeiqpk iza" milindy `l`
!epwcay dfipbd irhwe cid iazk lka el` zeaiz ep`vn `l .(jli`e h"qx `hyew)
ealkae ilirnd axl zexe`nd xtqa ,ixi`na mb ixd ?ef `qxib drited okidn
!mpeyl mzqa aezk jk (3 'rd my mipiievnd)
iabl j` .`"avd zxecdna leky`d xtq gqep z` mb dxrd dze`a `iad azekd
o`k `vnpy ,cg` i"zk wx miiw – s"ixd ly xzeia on`pd gqepd cr – leky`d
eae ohw geex `vnp "l`xyi"e "iza" zeaizd oia eae ,1159 extqne zine`ld diixtqa
."ly zeiqpk" milind izyl dfd geexa mewn oi` mewn lkn j` ;dwegn daiz ly cixy
aexw xen`k j` ,qtcend s"ixd gqepl ribd dfd gqepd okidn mircei eppi` ,mekiqa
`qxibd dpi` mb efy gipdl xiaq `linne ,zixewnd s"ixd zqxib dpi` efy i`ceel
.(dbend i"zkd llek ,gqepd icr lka `ed jke) m"anxa
hay `xfr
.jli`e 53 'nr my
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12
ä
ä ä
deprd zcina m"anxd zhiy lr zexrd izy
:deprd zcin ly dizeleab lr (` ,d dheq) mi`xen` ewlgp .`
`ped x"` .zipinya dpenyn cg` ea `diy jixv g"z :ax xn` iy` xa `iig x"`
,dia zi`c `znya :`ax xn` .`zleayl `q`q ik dil `xhrne :ryedi axc dixa
dia aizkc xhef in ,dzvwn `le dpin `l :wgvi xa ongp x"` .dia zilc `znyae
?al dab lk 'd zarez
didiy jixv `l` ,depra oexg`d dvwd cr ribdl g"zl el oi` mi`xen`d aex zrcl
.lke lkn de`bd z` lleyy i"apx mdilr wleg .de`bdn (zipinyay zipiny) hrn ea
yi oda zecind llkn (qrkd z` oke) de`bd z` `ivede ,m"anxd wqt oexg`d dfk
:(b ,a zerc) znqxetnd rvn`d jxca zkll
,xg`d dvwd cr wgxzi `l` zipepiaA© oda bedpl mc`l el xeq`y zerc yie
gex lty didiy `l` cala eipr mc` didiy daehd jxc oi`y ,al daeb `ede
epr xn`p `le ce`n epr epiax dyna xn`p jkitle ,ce`nl dkenp egex didze
eal diabnd lky exn` cere ,gex lty ied ce`n ce`n minkg eeiv jkitle ,cala
zi`c – `znya exn` cere ,jiwel` 'd z` zgkye jaal mxe xn`py xwira xtk
mc`l ie`xe ,ce`nl cr `id drx drc qrkd oke .dzvwn elit`e gexd zeqb dia
…xg`d dvwd cr dpnn wgxziy
iwxta qhiel iax zpynn zraep miax cbp cigik m"anxd ly ef ezrxkdy d`xpe
.dnx yep` zeewzy ,gex lty ied ce`n ce`n xne` dpai yi` qhiel iax :(c ,c) zea`
,rvn`d jxc xg` ef dcina zkll oi`y xiaqdl m"anxd jix`d ef dpynl eyexita
,minec` dlrn ,zliy i"x 'cdn i"tr) l"fe .mi`xen`d zwelgn z` `iad yexitd seqae
:(ily zeybcdd .g"pyz
xnel epevx ,"dia zilc `znyae dia zi`c `znya `ax xn`" :exn`y dn seqe
exriye ,zelrnd on dpi`e li`ed ,ixnbl gexd zeltya xvazdl ok mb ie`x oi`y
dvwa de`bd miyp m` :xnelk ,drax`e miyiyn cg` wlg lynd jxc lr df
mc`d `di – miwlg drax`e miyiy agex mdipia didie ,dvwa gexd zeltye
on gexal ,cegl dcind z`fa revind xaq `le .dyelye miyiyd wlga cner
zrc dzid ef .`znyd zgz qpkp ixd xzei de`bd l` axwe wlg xqg m`y ,de`bd
mc`d lv` didiy mipt meya ie`x oi`y xn`e wqt ongp ax la` .depra `ax
:hrn dpeer oi`y iptn ,lecb `le ohw wlg `l – de`bd on xnel ipevx – dpnn
:oiprd dfa xn` ?dil` aexwl xyt` ji` ,'d zarez mc`d z` dyrzy dcin
lk 'd zarez aizkc i`n xhef in ,dzvwn `le dpin `l wgvi xa ongp ax xn`"
."?al dab
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mb riten ,(iaxrd xewnl m`zda) df rhwa minrt yng xfegy w"lg yxeyd dpde
eze`ye ,dvwd cr de`bd on wgxzdl yiy xiaqdy xg`l .ef dpynl eyexit zligza
azk (gexd zeltyl de`bd oia znwenny deprl cebipa) gexd zelty `xwp dvw
:m"anxd
,'gex lty ied ce`n ce`n' :xn`e ,gexd zelty l` axwzdl df deiv jkitle
li`ed de`bd on wlg elv` didi `ny – cal depra mc`d x`yi m`y eyygn
.epxkfy enk ,zrvenn deprdy ,dil` aexw `ede
ly dlilyk 'gex lty ied ce`n ce`n' qhiel iax ixac z` oian m"anxd ,xnelk
seqa m"anxd dxiaqdy itk i"apx zhiyl liawn df ixde ,de`bd ly ohw xzeid wlgd
m"anxd rixkd i"apx ly ezhiyl zriiqn dpyny oeeiky ,xnel ok m` xazqn .eixac
.30edenk
dpei epiax ly eyexita zexvw milina mixacd miyxetn dfd oeifgd lkk ,dpde
dvwd cr' gexd zeqbn wgxzdl yiy m"anxd zhiy z` `iady xg`l .ef dpynl
z` `iad ,'da zeielz dxezay zexard aexe ,dpnn dyw dcin jl oi`y ,oexg`d
:azke ,'cenlzd inkg' zwelgn
wgxzdl jixvy drx dcin `id jk lky ,llk da zi`c `znya xn` `pixg`e
.epazky mrhd one qhiel 'x zrck ,xwir lk dpnn ea didi `le xenb wgxd dpnn
.dkld oke
d"qyn cg`k de`bd z` zepnl yiy b"nqd ly zycegnd ezhiy znqxetn .a
oekn – one` dnly oekn z`veda mlyd b"nqd 'cdn t"r) cq z"l yixa azk jke .oie`l
:(aw 'nr ,b"pyz ` jxk ,milyexi
l`xyi ipa e`bzi `ly dxdf` ,(`i ,g mixac) jiwel` 'd z` gkyz ot jl xnyd
lk egiexd mlnre mdly geixay exn`ie daeh mdl rityn `ed jexa yecwdyk
`xwnd df dper df lry ,mzee`b zngn `ed jexa yecwdl daeh ewifgi `le df
xnebe z`ln `l xy` aeh lk mi`ln miaeh mizae (`i ,e mixac) opgz`e zyxta
.xnebe gkyz ot jl xnyd zraye zlk`e
xtqn (ci 'nr my xtql ezncwda jkl dnecae ,cw 'nr my) devn dze` seqae
:df yecigl e`iady ielibd lr b"nqd
did `l e`ld df zepnle df e`l lr dxagl la` ,miaxl jk izyxc deprd zgkez
o`k cr izrbdyke ,oie`ld oeayga exikfd `le exaig `l dyn epiax mb ,izrc
oirnd ,il`xa xi`n axd z`n miryx iza lr dpnl` leab aivn zkxa' xn`nl daebz
.jli`e 39 'nr [` ,`p] `"ryz ixyz
,mixg`d mi`xen`d zhiy z` irnyn cg ote`a mixzeq dpynd ixac oi` ik m`e
ly ezaehl zcner dpynd ly dzehyt oiicr ,ef dpynn `xnbd mdilr dzywd `l okle
.i"apx
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14
xnyd ,xwird z` zgky dpd ,dlild ze`xna 31melga o`xw` oie`ld milydl
lecb ceqi dpde ,xwaa eilr izppeazde .(`i ,g mixac) jiwel` 'd z` gkyz ot jl
dnk ok ixg` dpde .oinikgl `znkg aidi xfra exagl izl`ede ,myd z`xia `ed
gexd iqbl dxdf` `icda my opiqxbe (` ,d) dheqc `nw wxta xtqa izpiir mini
(`i ,g mixac) aizke zgkye jaal mxe `kdn xn` wgvi iaxa ongp ax oiipn
xn`py mewn lk xn`c ,`rl` iax xn` oia` iaxcke ,'d z` gkyz ot jl xnyd
.dyrz `l `l` epi` l`e ot xnyd
ipen mze` lk lr `iyew o`kne ,zgvip di`x `id dheqa `ibeqdn ezii`x dxe`kle
lra qip`fex i"xl) zeevnd xtq lr jizeevn jxc xtqa dpde .df e`l epn `ly zeevn
oiae ,b"nqde m"anxd ly zeevnd oipn oia milcadd z` dpn ,ipy wlg ,(jlnl dpyn
d"c ,bkz 'nr lwpxt 'cdn zeevnd xtq) xikfd dpn `l m"anxde dpn b"nqdy oie`ld
`edy meyn ef dxdf` xikfd `l m"xde' :azke ,de`bd e`l z` (zixiyrd dxdf`de
ie`x oi` millekd miieeivdy iriaxd yxeya yixyd xake ,millekd miieeivdn
.'mzepnl
,llek ieeiv ok` ea yi 'd z` gekyl `l ieeivd eheyta mpn`y ,zeywdl zvw yi j`
zgkyl znxeb de`bd ik ze`bzdl `ly miieqn e`l o`k yi `xnbd zyxc xe`l j`
!dxeq` zitivtq dbdpd ea yi ixdy ,ezepnl ie`x did okle ,'d
oi`y' ipyd yxeyd xe`l df e`l dpn `l m"anxdy ,xnel d`xp did eixac ilele
,'ieaixn e` oda zyxcp dxezdy zecn dxyr yelyn zg`a micnly dn lk zepnl ie`x
ezepnl ie`x oi` `xwn ly eheyt z` m`ez `ly dn lky dler my eixac jyndne
`l `id xeqi`d zernyn `xwn ly eheyt it lr dpde .(y"iir ,mibixg dnk caln)
:ai weqta yxetny enk ,(i ,e o"anx) dpnn epze` dct 'dy mixvna zecard z` gekyl
my aezk df oirke ,'micar zian mixvn ux`n j`ived xy` 'd z` gkyz ot jl xnyd'
z` gekyl `l yxity ci ,g r"a`xa d`xe) my `i weqt z` yxtl yi mb jke ,ci ,g
.(jlklk 'dyk xacna jl didy zeltyde iepird
l"fg ly mzyxcy ixd ,`xwn ly eheyt z` m"anxd yxit ok` jky gipp m`
ly dnewn ;zeevn b"ixza cxtp e`lk zepnidl dleki dpi` de`bd zcin lr dheqa
:(g dyr) 'eikxca zklde' zevna zecind x`y mr de`bd
zklde exne` `ede ,epzleki itl dlrzi ea zencidl epeeivy `id zipinyd devnde
d"awd dn df yexita `ae ,eikxc lka zkll xn`e df ieeiv ltk xake ,eikxca
mifnxa oke ,127 dxrdae w"ecdna ci-bi 'nr ezncwda oke ,32 dxrdae w"ecdna my d`x
`l` melg dlind drited `l w"ecdna elld zenewnd lkay `vnze ,w"ecdna gi 'nr
z` siqed e`) melgl d`xnn a"ecdna b"nqd dpiy (!) minrt rax`n zegt `le ,d`xn
b"nqd ly ezepzeepry jk lr 127 dxrd bi 'nra mixicdnd exird dtie .(melg dlind
seqn gkeny itke ,iwel` d`xna x`tzn d`xii `ly ick ,df iepiyl daiqd `id
ezexidfa b"nqd biltd deprd lr exaca `weecy xacd mi`zn dnk cre ;ezncwd
.de`bdn
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dn oepg did dz` s` oepg `xwp d"awd dn megx did dz` s` megx `xwp
…ciqg did dz` s` ciqg `xwp d"awd dn wicv did dz` s` wicv `xwp d"awd
uiytil mdxa`
ä
ä ä
heitl xewn oEiv
z"eyd hwiiext :dcb`ae dklda zexewn `evnl dvexy inl milk daxd miniiw meid
Hebrew Books xb`n ,dnkgd xve` xb`n ,DBS zpkez ,oli` xa zhiqxaipe` ly
ote`a ,ekeza ytgle ax xneg biydl xyt` aygnd jxc .32mipey mixz`n mixz`e
in meid – zeaiegn ezi` `ian miycgd milkd rty .mlern zetvl
© § did xyt` i`y
elit` mle`e .olyx `edy miaxa mqxtn qitcn `edy xeaigd zexewn z` oiivn epi`y
`idy `ceel ick ahid da oiirl mikixv oiicr zg` d`vezl wx `ian yetigdyk
.dfa milyxzn miaxe ;xagnd oieekzd eil`y xewnd
weqt' d"c ` ,q sc oilegae 'exn` mlerd xy df weqt' d"c a ,fh sc zenaia zetqezd
`vnp zenewnd ipya .oexhhn z` mix`znd miheit ipy mi`ian 'exn` mlerd xy df
`ed oeivd zenaia 'qeza :mdipia dxizq zniiw la` ,33miraexn miixbeqa oeiv oeilba
oilega 'qeza la` ,dxez zgnyl xveia `edy '`xwp xrp zxynd xyd' heitd zelin lr
'xyan
¨ ¨ ¦ y`l jtdpy [xy] oexhhn siwz' milind lr `l` ,melk el` milin lr oiiv `l
yid .melk el` milin lr oiiv `l zenaia 'qeza xy`k ,dxez zgnyl xveia `edy oiiv
?df z` df minilyn mipeivdy e` – mipeiva dxizq o`k
,mipta miheitd z` ze`xl izivx el`d zeibeqd z` izcnlyk dpy mixyrk iptl
yelyl mixefgn xicddy i"p lwpxt dpei 'textl azkna izipt .mytgl okid izrci `le
dpr lwpxt 'text .mnewn el reci m`d eze` izl`ye ,ci iazk t"r miheitd mr 34milbx
lk ly upev mkgd oikdy dxvw dniyx wizrd eae ,azkna xvw onf jeza eaeha il
xve`'a ytgl il uilnde ,mdly dpey`xd dxeyd itl oexhhn z` mi`iand miheitd
miheitdn cg`e cg` lk qtcp okid aezk `vn` mye ,35oefciec ly 'heitde dxiyd
.dniyxay
invrl iznyxe ,36oefciec ly xtqd z` iz`vne zine`ld dixtql izrqp .iziyr jk
ick witqn mze` xikn ippi` la` ,miheit xg` yetigl miycg milk cer meid miniiw
.mdilr uilndl
recid) frea ryedi axdl 'cenlzd zxeqn'n `le ,oilxa wit diryi x"d z`n `edy ricedl
.('q"yd zxeqn' xfpevnd mya meid
.zereay lr exefgn z` xe`l `ived `l oiicr onfd eze`a
.dpey`xd dxeyd itl `ed mb ,miheitl gztn
.(ohw l`ei .'dnkgd xve`' xb`na `vnp `ed mb meid)
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didy cigid xewnde ,il mixken `l mixefgna eid maex .izytigy miheitd eqtcp okid
miheitd qxhpew `vnp e"gn seqay oiiv oefciec .37ixhie xefgn xtqd did il xken
ipy z` iz`vn my .eze`ivnl llk al izny `l f` cry ,ic`xa miig mkgd dyry
,mipte` mdipy mzxev itl .(20 'nr) `l 'iqae (18 'nr) hk 'iqa ,'qeza e`iady miheitd
la` ,xvei heitd z` dpik wit i"x) 'ze`a-v 'd yecw yecw yecw' azkp zia lk seqa ik
.(xe` xvei zkxal mikiiy el`d heitd ibeq ipyy iptn ote`l xvei oia wlig `l d`xpk
ligznd dxez zgnyl ote` ,`l 'iqn 'xyal y`n jtdpd / xy oexhhn siwz' hehivd
izn` (mizad iy`x itl) exagne ,oilega oekpl oiievy enk 38'miwgy iapy`' zeaiza
hehivd .mi`znd mewnl ziakekd z` xiardle owzl heyt jixv zenaiae ,[dihty oa]
ipte`' ligznd ote`d ,hk 'iqn '`xepde cakpd oexhhn `ed / `xwp xrp zxynd xyd'
cren dfi`l rcei ippi`e ,('qeze e"gnn ueg) xg` mewna eze` `vn `l oefciec ;'ced
.exagn in `le owzip
.mi`vnp el`d miheitd dti` el izrcede ,dxfrd lr el izicede lwpxt 'textl izazk
mdy el`d miheitd ipya oiiv (70 'nr) my miheitd qxhpewl zexrda ic`xa ok`
oiivy in izi`x `l eiykr cr la` ,l"pd oilege zenaia zetqezd e`iady miheitd
ixd ;dniz dfe .envra mda oiirl lkei oiirndy ick ,zwiecn dxeva `xnbd sc lr mze`
ie`xe ,39mdl eqgii mdy zeaiygd llba miheit zenewn dnka e`iad zetqezd ilra
`l ,miheita milkzqn `le mixvwne mixdnn meid !mda hiai zegtl oiirndy ok m`
.df oipr owezie ozi in ;eply elek cqtdde ,micnel xy`k `le – milltznyk
o`nvk diaeh axd
x"a dgny 'x xaigy ixhie xefgn epi` zn`a ixhie xefgn myd zgz qtcpd xtqd
x"a wgvi 'x i"r dyrpy dpy d`na xge`n ceair `l` ,i"yx cinlz ixhien l`eny
'nr gtqp ,f"lxz 'fcixaniiw ,'mlerd zea` ixac'a xelih 'k azk xaky enk) elaxec
,hcinycleb dix` axd jxry ixhie xefgn ly dycgd dxecdnl `eana 'ire] 12-24
.xelih ly migekpd eixac z` d`x `ly d`xpe ,c"qyz milyexi ,miwqetd xve` z`ved
.([ohw l`ei
'texte hinycleb l`ipc ly zekeql xefgna ,333 'nr fpky` gqep zekeql dax xefgna
.oilet bdpn mya 362-364 'nr lwpxt
!mdilr miqqean miheitdy miyxcnd z` `iadl mileki eid ixd
17
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