[]HQ RL]LS]QF LSG DL[ZGO RN[F RLC HOCG ]H[HFD ODC [HNQO PL[HTC PL[DF HOC
]U OND G[I ][HKZO GJZHOO RL[QHN O R HN[F RLLFU GSHDOG RQ XHJ PHON MND RLCH PGO G[NHQO
CD[G RHO >[HTC@ GSG ]HQL ON HO [HNQO HOLWCH
PL[WTH PHNU O PLONH GSHDO PL[QHNO [HNQO [HTC MH[D [G PD DYJ GF FL TH]G HD]N DHLNH
DHLNH GOWL]O PLLHC[G
PLSHC[D CDHG LQOH[L GSHDO [HNQO []HQ CWH[OH
JHL[ M[HYO JLNHGO HD]N L RCNQ HO H[NHQH HUDYC ]C UKHZ HQYU LSWD CHG RQIDH
]HYHS ]KL[Q RHEN MQ]QH OHFE [UYQ USQGO L POHCH@ PLLJ LOUD [UY O HJO RLC LSHQQ
PLOUW D[ ]H CU EJ DZUL ]HD ]H LWU >]HL[INC PHQ [DFD L CQ[G D]N HQNH PLIHHCG
RHQQ JHL[ M[HYO HOLWCH PFC LSD OYC ODHZQ HSLC RWHCD [UYO [TC LZ DJD DZUL ]HDD UH C FHL CJ
E[DFOHE GLQJS RQOI [EG VLTHG DUD GSQG OU PLSWD U PFCO M[HY PHZQD PLLJ LOUD [UY GI RLFD
CKLO
LOUD [UY [HTLC PHQ GID RLC PL[DF [CO HC GCHW[O ML[YG [DF ON FLG UGCD CQ[G D]N
LWO HSLCH RZI []G OU HSF LHQSD U DWT QDD PLSHC[G ]ZHOJQD LHS [DFG GC[SH PLLJ
PHQ PC RDQ[ JDUY [HTLCO GJHF G[H]G FHDNF GU PHQ PC GQGDG ]ZL[WQ USQGO HFHDN
CQ[G L[DFNH R[ PFCG M[HYO []HG
[UYO H[L]G PUK ]]O HN[YHG MNQ RDQ[GN P]KL [CHDQ [QC GF CUD TH]G L[DFQ GC[SH
]YZ L PHZQD G[H]GQ [DF H[ZU PLQNJ PHNU O ZHD OC[L GSZ GQGDG ][LZUD JUD
RHQQ M[HYQ U[E CO PFCG O GHYQ M[HY COGH GI ONO HN[YHG UHFQ CQ[GH R[G ]KLOH PUK
GF CL OLUO TH]D UQQ RNH GHYQ M[HY PHZQD N JDUYF [HTLC RLC PFCO RHQQ M[HYD PCH
PLD[F FHDN H]CH OC[L ON FHDN CHG HFHDN PHQ MOQG THT [HZUO []HQ GQO PUK HD]N RL[ZHU
JUD [UYO LJFH
H[TC CO UHFQH FHUH UZ[Z EU GDLOJN JDUY PHQ ]HD L[HTLC GQN H[L]G MNQ ]HZGO RLCH
COH H[TC CO C[ZLUQ PLQNJ PUKG P LN ]HD [HTLC RLF PLLZO PFCG M[HY GI CGL DHH [DFG
G[H]G RQ [HTC CHG RHLN JDUY PHZQD PGL[DF HFLQUG
GQND GID HZOJS TH]G GC[GH [HTC M[HYO VC CL VFD TH]GQ JLNHG L FHL CSLS] GFHGLD UFHS ]DH]D PE U
RLSUO ][NISG C[DTG FYQ HSF TH]G GC[S GLG G[HCNO PLSHCEG L[DF COHOH [L]GO LC[GQ ]DH]Q CLDGH ]HQHZQ
HSZ] PLQNJ [JCO PEG G[H]G RQ [DF PL[ZHU CYQS [HZLU RZ]O PCHDD PLQNJG JDUY PHQ ]HD L[HTLC []G
GOLJ]NOQ PLQNJ RN HSZ]L GQO TH]O GZHG ODC [HQE M[HY DLJF OON JDUY [HTLC PFCG OU RLC
FL VF
GHHYQ HSLC LWO L[NSD CZHF PHNUO GF HK ROGO TH]U PL[QHC L RSLFZWQ CO LSWOF LSWOC
[HTC OC[LD ODC [JCO [HNQL LFN HO R]LO PLC[ RNO OHNQ R]] CO [HU LSWO F HCOD
LSWOF LSWO CO QQ LSWO RCN L[GH OHNQ R]] CO [HU LSWO F GI HCOD HOLNQ L[G
L[NSO [NHQ PC ODC LSWOF LSWO OU PLHHYQ RLC L[NSO GOZ]G P[E RCN CZHF FHU PL[QHC LH
HCLDG ECLZ FHL IKGH C[G LSWOF LSWO D VC PLHJ OC[LO [HNQL
DS
FL VF G[I GFHDU
LSWOF LSWOC PL[GIHQ RLC C[QEG P]T COG RN [QHO RLSQ GQ] GJSQ XQHZ D MHSLJ ]JSQ [WTDH
RNH IDLSHWQ RHCEG HD]N ILUNH D]N GQ LW OU L LL ]LD H[WTD CKLO [LW [EG D]N RLSUG [HCDD
RLHFZDH CKLO OYSDS C[EGQ H OLUO CDHQD UUH E CJ FHL GQ ]H[EC ]HD DHLNH [IULJC ]HD UJ[EG
PLQ LWON [HTLC D H[DJO PFC RLD HSLSUH GOZ] P[E [HTLC C GI [HTLCD L PLSLF LS DO
[QHO L MC GI [HTLC MLL C[QED [CHDQ PSQC L[NS LWON GSGH POHUD G[LDU GUL] P[HE
CO GHHYQ RN HQN IU FHDUO CO OC[LG GHHYQ PN PHZQO PFC RLD O RLSUG CZHF
>DN PLJTW DHZD NNH@ OC[LD COC [QCS CO OL GOZ]G ]QL[E RLSU ODC IU FHDUO LHEO PH[EL
]CI DLJGO RLC GI RWHCD LN ZHJ[ P[ED HJO RLC LHE OLNQD Z[ PL[H[D C[G L[DF G]UQH
P[EL] ON MNOG LSWOF LSWO F P[ED PE PLLZ RLZILSD CQ[E FYQ [HTLCG POHCH G[LDUF CG[ILDC
[HTC OC[LO GOZ]
JLSQG G[HCNOH MLJC HC OC[L LSD P DL]N RLC COGH HLSWO GOZ] ]JSGD PHNU KUQO RLSQ RHLU ML[Y C
ODC C]L[HCF [HTLC L LTLW OHNQ ]SL]SD PCG OOND ZW]TS JSQD PSQC@ GI HCOD [DHU LHE LSWO HKHWNOHNQ
>E FHL QECD ]HKWD KZS RNH HKHW LFLQ CYHL C[ZQG RLC LCFH HD]N PLSH[JC GQN
JSQG P GQ] [DNH FDOD OC[L LSDD G[TCS ]SEHG GSLC GYU ]SL]S DO[ MHSLJG [WTD RHOG ZHLFQ UQQ PEGH
RLC KHW [DFN P KZSH GU[ GYU LU HLG LHE ]HUKD ELZ ZDD PLUQGQ [HZQ GC[G E FHL QECDH H[HZQ OU
JSQD UH CHG COQ C[ZQ COG PHNU CLYHGO ROSQ L]HCLYQ OHNQD QQ MHSLJG L[DF ]C [LNIG COH SDD [HTLC
RLSU LWO [CDH SDD GI HCO [QCS ROSQ ]HKLWD OC IDT FHL CHIJDH LDY PNJ ]HQH O[GQQ CLDG GQD
ML[Y GC[S G[HCNO UYH P QECD NNH L[NSO OC[L RLD ZHOLJ RLC MNOG POHUD G[LDU ]QL[E PHQ CHG [HTLCG
]HWSF DHSE] CO RNH JY[] CO F HCO PL[QHC L RNH@ C]L[HCFQ [HTCO RSLKZSF LHEG OIE RLFNH ]HD[O COH KUQO C[Z
>QNCH G]LQ DHLJQ KUHQQ LN VC SD LWON [QCS
PG VC PLHHYQ LQE OHNQ G[HCNO MC PGLWON GI [HTLCD PLHHYQ HSC RLC [HU LSWO F [HTLC RLC PGO PEH ]HLG [WCH
]SL]S RN CO PGLWON PL[GIHQ HSC VC GIN OHNQD PE [WC NCH ]LSLFQG GEGSGGH PG PLSLF OONDF PL[JCO FLQUGOQ
]SEHG GSLC GYU
PLLHHLYH ]H[GICD ][DFQ G[WG DH[ CHG HSLSUQ FQOG [DF OC[L LWON Z[ [QCS HCOG ]HKLWD HKZS OL FHU
]HHYQDH G[H]D MU[ HSLC LQD RLLUO L ILWOH MU[ H MQU LSD O
RLFQ PE DLLJ COG OC[LD ODC [HU LSWO F [HTLCQ KUHQQ LSWOF LSWO PSQC [JC RWHCD C[G ]SHHN [WO L LOHCH
RHLNH CKJL CO H[DJO D[U COC OHNQG ]SL]S GUQ PYU PHQ COH HL[WGO GHHYQ VCH H[DJ CKJL CO ]HD[U
GJHQ HSLCH H[DJD ]HJQO HO L ONQ U[E COH H[DJO RHHU P[HE CHG VHT VHT LN HUSHQO DLHJQ LSWOF LSWO D PE RN
ZHJ[ HOLWCH CQ[EF GUQD N [DHU GULSQD VC L[G C]L[HCF [HTLCD [DHU
]HCOO GF HK ROGO L[LW GQ DLO L PL[NSD NCQ ZHJ[ P[ED PE PLHJ OC[LD OSG C[DTG LWO D
POLNQ PHQ []HL KHW RWHCD [LW CO UHFQH OC[L PGD HZLIL CQ PL[NSO RLLI LON PL[NHQ RLC H[QC GQD
COC FWD FHJ HSLC L]HN FJC C]LL[D G]HCD HSLS LWO MC P DZULO ]QCD [LUG RN RLFN CO PLQF ]HNLWD
OC[LO ZIS P[E OOED Z[ PLHJ MNOG LSWOF LSWO COC GI RLC L[G P H[QC HQN L[NSO [HNQO OHOU PHQ
PLUEHW LWO [HTC NLWUCH RLF PGLSLF JS RDO PGLSLFD PLSFG ]HSHKOO HOLWC P [HTLCG [WO L LNG HCODH
OC[LD
GUQ [WTD U
LSWOF LSWO D VC PL[GIHQ GNOGO HI GNOG KLQG PDQ[G ]KLO HD]N L
DK DJ OHDI ]LD ]HDH K IU JZH[
R]HSN ODC [E]G ][LNQ ]C RLQIG Z[ GD[ZGG ]C RLQIG CO L[G [E]O [NHQN GI RWHCD CZHF
ES
]UF VTHL
[DFG [HTCH GHU CQOUD VHZ GUQ JLOG HQYU HO KLHQN GI L[G LHEO CHG [HNQL JLOO
LSWO N GI L[G JLO LFL OU LHEO FJH ]SL]S CCSZ FHL GDH] LJ]WD D]N HQN COF GIH@
>JS RD CHG RLFOUDGN@ HKWHO FJH R]LO LFN JS RDO ]HHOGO HOLWC GC[S FHUH > LSWOF
FJHG ]ODZ ]C RLQIG L[G [HU LSWO PHQ [HTC
[HNQL ]HCFHD PLUFHL PC TH]G ]UFD DOKOZ C[EGD U PLZTHW GQN HD]N GQ LWO LNG HCOD VCH
FLDT FHL LC RHIJ LWU LSWOF LSWO PHQ JLO LU [L]GO OON MLL RLC HO [HNQO [HTC PHNUO
PT[TO HFDUOH HJHOO P[TQL LHEO PLOHES[] [NHQG ]HFHC KY[ RFG ]QH[] UU
[]HQ GIH GI [QC PC ODC RDO GI OHES[] [QC RQID L]QLC GFHGL [ [QC LNG LQS CLS]
LD[ HS]SQQ PLCH[ RCN [WO COC ZHOJO CD CO L]QLC GFHGL [ [QHCN LW OU VC
MN CHG H]KL H[LW COC PLQNJ L[DFO TJL]GO L]QLC D H]SHHN RLC LCFH PLQNJ OU ZOJS GFHGL
OHES[] [QC RQID >PL[HJ RLD RDO HOLWC@ PNL[DFN [HTC CHG L]QLC PLQNJO GFHGL [ PGO [QC
FL[H] RWHC OND PL[THC P]C PNL[DFN COH []HQ GIH GI [QC ODC RDO
RLHYQDH P PLSHC[DH JQ ]HUHD TH]D U [WO GFHGL LD[F L]QLC F OONG [QCS CO ]H]LL[DD PL[QHC L C
DOZ DD ]UF VTHLD
RLD CYQSN RLOHES[]G RLD RDO OHES[] HO [HNQO []HQ GFHGL [ ]SHHN >L[N COF@ FL[G [W CSLS] C[HFGQD D
[]HQ GIH GI [QC C]LL[DG ]SHHN HIH PHFCH [HJ RDO C[ZLUQ [QC PC HFDO H]HC HO [HNQO []HQ PLOHES[] [C
HFDO RDOG ]C HOLWC [HNQO
PHFCH [HJ RDO OHES[] RLDH GSHL [ L[DFN RDO HO [HNQO []HQ LQO OHES[] RLD ZHOLJ L CQZ CS]O GI LWOH
IL[NQN NCQ PLN[Y [CO VTHSD FHUH IUO RDO FJC PLOHES[] GQN GYH[ LN GID [HTCO PUKG RN]LH [HTC
Z]O OL PE HC PLDNHN ]FHDUO HJZHO HSLC RQLT RDO OU FLWZQ HSLC MNQH FJCD COC XWJ HSLC LQO OHES[]
ZJHF GIH GFHGL [N ZTW GSHL [H LQO OHES[] D PE [HTC
"UZ[ZO [DHJQD PGO RL[NHQ RLC RS]GH RSLSDIQ LD OZF CG RSLSDIQ COF CHG DK OZF DU
PHNUG HO R]S RHEN FLQUGO GLG OHNL G[HCNO DK OZF ]H[LW DK OZF LCQ GLO [QC
JLNHGO HD]N L ]H[LWO GSHHNG [WO ZJFSH RN FLQUG CO MNQ HI UZ[Z ][HQ] ][JC UZ[Z
]HUZ[Z ]WOJGD PE [HQC PSJ] CO [HTLC
[QHO HO GLG IC LN GWOJG OU [DHFQ UQQD RLC [ H N Q O [HTC RHOQ GLC[G PLJHF LH
C EJ PL[LQ DDHF ]HD GID U GWOJGN [W]GO GOHNL P]T G[LNQ PC HSF [DNH VLOJGO
JK OND COC HO RLC HC X[CD UZ[Z [DN PHNUO L RLD GI [HTLCD ZHOLJ RLC RCNQ [CHDQ RNH
CGT FHL LC RHIJ LWU FJC OZF ][LNQD HOLWCH GU] CO D [DHU HO R]HS VTHS
XLYUD GULKSD HFLQUG CO UHFQ DHZS XLYU OU HSHLFD Q LTHT GQO ]JSQ [WTD UUH
OU RLFHJ LSWQ PHNU O ]HCZFSHWD GQGD RLFLQUQ RLC LGSLQ[H CNLO C[HTLCF C[QLQO
CDKL[ GIG RQID RHEN PLFHJ PSLC MO UFHL FU MN OU PLFHJ PHNU P]T L[G GULD[G
RLC MC PLFHJ PSLC G]U PHQ HD]N COH PGQU HSL]HQGD FJLLO PHLN PLNQHT GQ OU HSF RLC GF DN ROGO TH]D
PEH GSZ]G GOKD CO PUKG OKD HOLWC CLG P][DT [QHO L COC HCO PC PLFHJ PC CDKL[G OU PLZOHJ GLC[
[JC PUK CHYQO HN[YHG MNO ]FQHU GSLUD G[LIEG MNOG HOHZOZO [DFG [HIJL CQ HC PLFHJ ]HQHZQ RLLFU L CQ
U EGSQG DHLO
FS
HK VF G[I GFHDU
G[]L GZJ[G [DFG RLZLJ[Q GD[FC GI [DFD RLFHJ RSLC HOOG ]HQHZQD PLHE RHEN D]N HLHFJDH DN R[G POHCH
GSQ FLEQG D]N RNH GSHL HSD[ LFLQO] NNH [DFO FJ L PCD Z[ ]LS]HQ HI G[LIE L[G []HQ GLOU RLSHUH RLNQH
L[LCQG NNH CD[G PD GDN DHTLC
PLSEQ PG [GYHQDH LQ[ RWHCD WUC PL[DHT RN]L HC OSNH G[IEG GOKD CO PL[DHTH PLZOHJ TH]G [WCH
GC DN H[QC L[G [DFD PLLLD]Q HLG ]YZ UQQ C[QEG RQID VC GUSYD MN OU PLFHJ GULD[ OU PLLSUQH
[DFG GOE]L NLU CQ ]HJ L[Q UQQH GL[JC M[TLL CQ GQGDO ZZIGO GC[L
RLLHG LZ[LW GCQ F HSLDC PG[DCF PLDNHN ]FHDUF L[LQE
MLC [LCQ Z[ U[ ONQ ZOHTQ CHG ]LG FYQ PLQG RQ CLG D]ND G[H] MNOH
HQNH@ U[H DHKD PLUFHLH U[ DO [YL LOUD PG PFC LSD ]HDOQ GWOUD G[H]H DLKLGO
CHG [DF GILC [[DOH GLGL CO RLSU JYJYO PLUFHL PG > HNH PNLSLD L GCSZ C]LC
]LG RHY[ ]OHI RHY[H GZH]O ]HFDU]G
C]LC M[FNH@ H]HZSOH U[G RLSU [[DO UFL LFN U[ [HQ PL[E RD GLG CDLZU LD[ MNOH
GLGH OI[ L[DFN CQKQ [HGK CHG LN LZ[LW ]HCQ UD[C GU HSLDC PG[DC O IU ]NTQ
ZLFYO UH[I [HC MH]Q >MN ON UFLO PLOHNL HSC RLC GQ GLGL CO D FCQ GD[G PLZ[W UFHL
QU ZFY [DHF UUH QU H
HK VF
GQNH [HTLC [DFD HEGS ]HQHZQ HLG RN LW OU VCH [HNQO []HQ FJLLO H[TC PHZQD VC
FLQUGO HCHDL CO LFN GZJ[G PHQ G[LNQD H[LQJG [W R[G GI EGSQO HS]LS PLQUK
OU TJ PHNU GZIJG OU MHQTO CO H[LQJG ]HQHZQ P]HCD D]N CDKL[GH PGL]HCZFSHWD
HO GQGDD VC GUD[GO HJH [ZU] CO H]QGD
RD[Z PGQ ]HSZO PLHJ RLC UHFQ [HNQO CO HEGS PHZQD HSF LGSLQ[H GF DN ROGO TH]G L[DFQ GI PUK QNH
ZOJO CO LFN HC GFQUG HKC [HTLC HEGS GOLJ]NO G[LNQ RLSUO Z[ LN GZ CO PL[JCG PLQUKG LWOH UD[S CQ
[D UH GTEO GZF RLD
PNH GTE ][LNQD OZGO HCHDL CQ GZFD PQYU OU H[LQJG DU[G NNH ES PLJTWD D]N L[H
MN P]SZ]D PLQNJ HZOLJ CO PL[HD RLD PLQO RLD PLJLTDH PLOEUD VC H[LQJG CQZ CS]O
GQGDO GQGD RLD ZOJO CO GZFD PQYU OU H[LQJG ]HQHZQ P]HCD
RN PCH LSHLTSH GOC PHQ G[IE PUKQ COC [HTLC RLC GTE GQGDD COG GQ] KZT CSZ FHL MG@
COC HSLC RHLN D]N FN CJ ZJYL L[W ]HDH CLG G[IEO G[IE COGH GZFD [HTCO L PUK GQ
R]QH CQ GN LTD FHU P RLLUH G[IEO G[IE RLUND PQYU OU H[LQJG MND GQ [HTLC COH C[QHJ EGSQ
>CLEHTG MQG [HCDD
CQ PHNUO [HNQO FHJG OC[LOH L]HNO GTE GQGD [HNQO [HTC ROGO H[QC PN VTHS PUKO PHZQ L G[HCNO
PGL]HCZFSHWD GSHZG GI GSFLQULN RHEN GSUD[L [JC LHE CQ PLHJ GZF GQGDD MN PGO GS[NQL
FL TH]D UYH PL[JC ]ULD[O PLHJ ROGOF PL]HN RHEN GULD[G OU FHJ HSLC LQO [NHQ PC HOLWC GSLQ CZWSH
[QC GF
GS