PLOUHW ]H[LND COC ]HTL[CD HN[F RLC XJ[Q RHLN [CHDQ LSLC LFDU CO XJ[QF CTL[C
PHZQD RLFG CHG PLZTHWG HD]NH H[IE CO ]HTL[CD GN[F GF ODC RLUG ]LC[Q PHQ [HTC
[]HQ ]HTL[CD XJ[Q PLS]HS DH[G
OZGO D]N KYZ L ][H] [WTD ]HTL[CD COH PLOUHWO PGL]HF ]]O PLEGHS MHWG G[ZQDH
RHLN MC GI PHZQD M[FG RN L[G PLOUHW [NH FJ PLLZ G[HCNO WUCH L[NS TL[CO GS]LO
PGLQLD VC CQH GFJ G[IEH [HTLC FJO HSO RLC RN M[FG GLG CO [DFG OU H[IEN OIJ RQID
PL[THC HLG CO GIN FJC PHZQ GLG HOLC
RLUG ]LC[Q PHQH FJ O HQHLZD LHO] GSZ]G [FE [ZLU LN MWGO D]N HQ CJ LHOG KD ]HDH
[LU ]HFHC ZTW MNO PC]GDH PHZQG M[FD LHO] ONG COC XJ[QO GF RLD ZHOLJ PH RLC RN PC
[HTC PHL L[LN PL[NH COC ]HTL[CD GD PLFDHU RLC PL]DO GNHQTG GSLEG GLDH] EGSQ
]DD OUHW [NH H[DTL FJG LSWQ ]DD GD FHDUL ]HTL[CD L[NSO GSLEG [HTQO
OUHW CHG HOLCN GC[S RLUG ]LC[Q PHQ CFQ[ JHC [HTLCO PLZTHWG ]SZTQ ]HSODZD GF RLFQ RN JNHQ G[HCNOH
COG LN ]OHDZ RN CO []GO [HWQ GCYL ]HTL[C ]HJFO RLCH [HTC OUHWN GC[S RWHCD GFD VC L[G H[HDU
N [LNN GC[S PHQ [TCS NWUCH LOOH GYJQO COC HSLC TL[CQ []HL FLDUZ GLWSF C]UFC LCFH ]OHDZD
GC[S HGL[G UZ[ZG ][YH]Q OKHS RHLN []HL OZ TL[C ZOJO L TH]D P[G ][DT LWO MC [HTC [LNN GC[S TL[C
V]HN
DN VF
>]HKL GQNO FUHQG OHJ ]NCOQN@ RSD[FQ [HTLCD GONGD [HU LSWO [HTLC OU
[HU LSWO PHQ GLO ZHWL]
H OLUO RLHYQD U
HSLYQ RN
C]OQ LCOELC VHTO VLTNLC CD[O CSLD[ GLDL]LC HGO C[ CD[F GLQZO H]C
HL]H[IJ RLSUDH GI RLSU FHTD U H]C[HGD ZFY GOES VHTDOH VLTNCH HLOU HZGH GNOG G[HG C D [ OYC PLQUW GQN
DO RLHFZH EOZ DD ]UF VTHLD CDHQD CD[ O
LSCH ]DD MZOJ OHK PHNUO OC[L [QCL CO ]HW]HD GF HODLZ PLDNHN FDHUH OC[L
DLLJ HSLC L[NSG RWHCD PEH@ OLUHQ RLC ]DD GFHDUQ H[KHW H[LWD GS]L PC HOLWCH OHJD
H J Z O L[NSH OC[LD RLFG CHG H[QC TH]D ]CDHQ C]WTH]D L[G GFG OUD LWON FHDUO
XJ[Q RLFNH PT[HWQH UHFL GI [DF RLC RHLN >GFDUO GF H O D Z D CZHF HCOH ]HW]HD GF
KIUZ FHL LC RHIJ LWU MND HN[F RLCH [JCQ ]HTL[CD [HTC OLUOF
]D OOJO [QHQG LFHGL PU V]]QG ODC L[NSD COC HSLC GI []G []HQ GOLJ]Q HS]G PCH
]DD FDHU CHG LFL OU OC[LG ]NCOQQ GSGS L[G C[Q HS]G GI RWHCD VC HO [HTC
OHJG ]HQLQ [JC PHL ]D[QHG H[DJO CGL GY[]S
HFDO PHNUG ZTHU ]DDH OHJG ]HQLD FJLD PLZHTU PGLSD GQ[ JHC CQ[G D]N []GG RNH
GSGS CHG L[G LFHGLD [HQC HSLC GI []G HQYU ]UF OU GHU PHNUGF [NG ZHOJO []HQ
OC[L O ]D ]NCOQQ
CW
]UF VTHL
ODC FDOD OHJG ]HQLO COC PLW]H PSLC PLQLNTQ C[Q RWHCD COC [L]GO ]H[WC RLC RN OUH
]H[LN RHEN ]HLOONG ]HCYHGGH@ FTWGO COH [NO CO OON HO MLL HSLC PLDHK PLQLH ]H]D LQL
C[Q L[G ]HCYHG R]HCQ ]LULD HO ]HNSOH PLQLG RHDJ LWO RDLJGO PLOHNL GQHFNH PHZQG
OGSO OHNL ]D [QH HSLC V]HGN COC []HQ HSLC GI PEH >PLQL GO COC HQU V]]S CO
HQU H]HW]]GD CYQS OGSO ONHL CO HLFUOD PC ODC PL[JC PLW]H HO L HC HQYUD ZTUG
CY CJ JHC GQ ]H[EC LWU [HTCH ]D OOJO HW]HO P[HE CHG
[W FDC[G [HTC RHDJO HCD PCH
COC GSLC GSHC[G P]CS]G HJLNHG RHDJO HCDN GOLJ]Q HS]G PC HOLWC [HTC P IK
OU RCNQ HZLLF FYLN CLEHTG MQGQ GI H[LWO HZ]S PLSHC[GH@ CQOUD LOLQ LQHKWH GQ[UG
>CDKL[H R[ TH]U CQ]T
U PDQ[GH TH]H L[N COFH DZT GQ[ PG[DC REQD CDHGH
C[ZLUQ HS]G CO HOLWC []HQ GO[UD L[ [W GLULLT LUHLTO "CD[O CSLD[ LD]HC CGH
L[NSG GO[UG ]H[LW FESN ]H[LW ]OLNCD GSGS OC[LG PHQ PCH OON G[HTC GSLC GFHDUG L[G
H]FHDU VOJ ONHC OC[LG L[GH ONHCG CHG GD FDHU GS KWQG MN CHG GSGS HCO ONHC
GO[UG ]H[LWQ GSGS HSLCH
]HJLO PHQ [HTLC RLC PHZQ OND L[G []HQ C[ZLUQ HS]GD MNQ CHG ]DF C]LL[DGQ UHLTGH
[]HQ JLH[QH GI PNTGQ GSGS OC[LG WUC PHNUG
PCH MN OU GLC[D M[HY RLCH G[HTC GSLC LCFH GO[U ]NCOQ COG PQ L GJNHG GQ R[G GQ]H
FDHU GQ ][HQ] ONHC RHLN GSGS DJS HSLC C[DTG FYQ KHW PC MWS GQ H]OLNC PHQ
]DQ GJNHG ON GLOU RLC GJNHGO ]N[YSH GKHW GSLC HI C[DT PCH GLC[D M[HY RLC
GFL OU GCS]GG ]UD ]DG ]FHDUD HO JHS PEG P PN CLG ]DQ GLC[G [WO LH
CHG []HQ GFHDUD C]HJLSH ]OUH] PH HO RLC FDHU LHEG GUD RHLN QQ [JC PHL JLH[Q CHG
L[NSG GLG CO PLJQHY HLG COHOLC GO[UG LOHFLEQ GCSG HO L [DF O HWHTD WUC RCN RLFG
PC OON HO ]WNC CO DH GS]G [JCO L[G HQHLZD GYH[ DJS GI RLC NWUC GI PNTGD XWJ
GYH[ ZHTLWG ]OLJ]D Z[ COC >]HL[JC COO HQU GS]Q L[G@ HCO PC GO[UG ]HSD ]H[LW HUL
FHL CHIJG [CD RN ]H[LWG RQ GSGSN DJS HSLC GI ]H[LWG ]JLQY ] H [ W C D UDKG PHLZD
L[ ]KL KIUZ
LNG HCOD ODC GOLJ]Q HS]GD COC []HQ RLC ]DD HQN GO[UD PE CLG PDQ[G ]KL POHCH
PQHLZD GYH[ GO[UG ]H[LWQ GSGS DJS
HS]GN COC [L]G CO CD[ LCFH MN H]KLO ][W]Q CD[O CSLD[ GLD]HC CGH C[QEG ]OCH
CD[ PC CQODF@ CSLD[ HO GZG GQ RN PCH GO[U ]H[LWQ GSGS COG GCS]G COD LN C[ZLUQ
PEG PHNUO G[LQC PHQ [DFD RLC [DTH C]LL[DGQ GLO ULQ CO [WC ]D RLSUO [L]G
VLTNG COH []HQ HS]GD GLULLT LUHLTO H[QCH >LCFH CHG GCSG [HTLC COG GO[U ODC GSGS
[ZLUO HI GKL KZSH R[G [W RN POHUQ
CQ]TD [HTCO GNOGO KZS PDQ[G GLSLQ UQQO CNLO CGQ COC
COC HSLC ZWTG [CDH COHZO ]NOO L RSD[FDH CLG CKWC COF CZLWT COG R[G GZGH COHZO
LWO ODC GO[U RLSUO COC ]D RLSUO GLG CO CD[F GUQ [QC OL]N LDQ GGLDE D[ ]UF LWO
KZS C[GH DGQ[ JHCD GNH
DW
DN VF G[I GFHDU
[L]G CD[ OU GZG CSLD[ L[G [HTC [DFG C[QED KHW C[QEF CQ]T CLG CQZ CSO
GKZS C[QEG UQQ COC [L]G MNOH CQ]TD GLG CD[ LSWO CD GUQG GC[S COG CLHZ LCQH
[HTC P]TD ]HKWD
[DN PSQCH CHG RSD[F [HTLC COG RHLOEG OU GLEQG GQ] [DNH CHG C]L[HCF C[HTLCF [LQJGO D]N RN PE OCSSJ HSD[H
KD ]HD U RSD[F PLSLF PG PEG ]D LSLFD ]HZWTD [LQJGO FHUH JO ]D ]HQHZQ GQND J[ ]KL HC[G
>DHLNH [LQJGO L ]HL[U ][QHJ PHQ RSD[F FHJL ZWT RLSUO CC[ GJD HO GC[H@ FDT[ KJH JT HJH GQ CJ LHOG
RSD[F ZWTD C[QHJO HKZS PLZTHWD ]HQHZQ GQNO RLLYO LH
RSD[F COC HSLC GC[S GQ[UG [HTLC PEG C[QHJO P]SHHN RLDG S OCS]S RD[ZDH GT ]D C[H VL[ UU
>FL [JCON GCYHGH GQ[UG RSD[F L[] PHQ OZG OL MC@ OZGO D]N P CDKL[DH
FN ]HQDLD LHQS FL[ CDKL[ CD[
F RKZ FUHQ CDKL[
F P TH]G NHQN RSD[F H[ZLU PEG GYZHQ ZWT RLSUO C[GQH E GYLD PLSL TH]
]HFDO HSO RLC MNOG C[QHJO RSD[F ]HZWT GD[G HSLYQ LKT VTNG ]HFHZSDH CZWT ZWT LOON VHTD MG D]N [DNH
HSQYUQ RSD[F CZWT
ZJYL L[W FOZ THT JHC CHIJ UYH N P RHLYG [UDH IOZ] T[ GNOG [HCD K PLJTW UHGL LSW ]HWTHS ]HCQEHF
DDF EWT [JG ]OLC DFY EJ JHC GQ ]H[EC L FL CJ
KL CJ JHC GQ ]H[EC P [H R[DH KL PL[FS U C[QHJO RSD[F CZWT ]H[DHTG ]HUF RSL FHU RLHYL@
RLFLQUQ RLC LS Z[W
]LOK [HNQO [HTC HSLYQ [DFD CYHLN PLQF ]HNLW OU RLFHJ LSWQ RGQU PFC FJLL]L COH
LSWQ HSE[GLH OC[L OC GHO]LH LFHGLN GIJ]L CQ CHG GI RLFO PLQUKG FJCH L[NSO ]YLLHYQ
N JHC UH U PLQF ]HNLW OU PLFHJ
VN [WTD POHCH HSE[GLH GHO]L CQ PLHJ RLC GIG RQID D]N P DSQD CDHQH PFC LLJ [WTD
GQNH GQN HSUQ CGF >IGID PE PLQF ]HNLW J@ C]LCH C]LCF GC[S LOH D]NH ZOJ DLZT P PLLJG
PQHZQQ PLII PSLC OI[ L[DFH ROYLO CSQJ[ ]HUO HZD PEH HU PLQUW
FL OLUO CDHQD UU PLSHC[G ]ZHOJQ C[QEG [JCO RQID GUD[G J RLSUOH
]HUO RLC CQOUD PL]W ]HIO PHQ CU QDD ]HWTH]D HD]N CDON LD[] CO C]OQ[C DU
LHOG KD ]HDH GQGDG OUH [HNIG OU OC[L HFJS CO LN RLFG [ZLUQ [HTLC RLC MC RN
CHG CZHFD [HTLC RHOD HD]N UHG H PDQ[G RHOQ ZLLF IG[ GJ
DN UGC IKD G[HCNO UQQ HL[DFNH TH]G L[DF ]C UHG ZTW OU HCLDG PLZTHWG [YHC D TWFSG OU P [LUGH
U TH]GO PDQ[G RLD [DFD ]ZHOJQ L RLDG LZT
CQ UHDZ RWHCD COC [HTLCG RLC JLNHG HLHFJD DLYSG CILWHCD D[ LD [D L[] COH
>GLOU HGOLE[] CQ DONG OHFLE [HTLCF CLQHF HLOU COH GLOU [HTLCG HKZS MNOH@ GLOU HSOLE[]
FHJL O LOONG [HTLCO GQHF HSLC []HQ LC[ZCD ODC
EW
]UF VTHL
GSQOC ]LDD [[HE]GO M[YHG FJCO OHFE ZJF ]UD OZGO D]N KL EJ UGC GQ ]H[EC ]HD@
>GOQ COH HOQ ONHC HL]HJH[CH ]HOLOD G]LDD GSO GSLC CLGH
[YLG ][HDE]O OQ JSG ]QGHI RLSU [W CD[G CQGHI GD OLKG GHJ OU JS CD GUD
HFQU CO PGH [FQG ]LDJ HGNQ H[QC RLSUN H]QGHI ZTWSH OJS LSLT [G OU HFQU OC[LH
P]Q[I PLTHT ]Q[IH RLSUN OHFE P[YL RLLFU LSLT [G OU
HQYU ]CSG ]E[G HSLLG CQGHIG RLSU C DGFWO DJ ZLFY L[W [WTD [W GI RLUNH
PSHONH PD]NN
LSLT [G OU HFQU OC[L "LQS OC[L LNG LC CQGHI GD OLKG GHJ OU JS CD GUD DU
R]QGHI GZTW
H[QCH EF O [HU LDE OU RLOW] DH]NO [WC PC P HZW]TS GQ OU JZ ]DD R[G RHO HI
CDN RHNSGH R[G D]NH [[DLH HGLOC CHDL FU HCO PC EFG RQ CQGHI GZTW PCG [H[D RLC
PGQ CQGHI GZTWS LSLT [G OU HFQU OC[L POHUD ]HL[D ON OUH GLOU CQGHI OLKG GHJ OU JS
CO HC GZTW LC HSULFHGO HGLOCO LNL[KYC LNGOH P HLG CO PLEFQ XHJ P HLG ]HL[DG RQH
RQ IHIO PLOHNL PSLC PLEF ]OHI P HFQU POHNF HFLD GODZ G]LG MN LCFH P ]QC ]W [WTD@
P PLFJ PLFEQ [WTD ML[CG GQD UU > GDLO PLQG
GQNJ ]LD GN HFZG GOG L[DFQ UKZ GSG JSG O H]QGHI RLSUD FHU
HSLD[ GQ LQLD ]HKW]Q ]H[QHJG [HFH [HF OND PLCH[ HSJSC GSG PYUD RLSUG [CDC FHU
MN [JC RNH GC[ M[HY GILCO ]HSZ] HILC VLTHG PSQC LSLTD CLFGD ODZ GQ Z[ [TCS CO GU
HL[HFH [HFH [HF ONH PLCS]GH PLCLDSG
GHY GDZGH JS HSNL [FE X[WH PL[FEO []HLD ML[Y JSG ]QGHI ]HKW]G L []HLD RLSUGH
HOLCH PL[HTLC []HL ]HKW]GO ML[Y [HFG ]QGHI ]HKW]GDH JSG ]QGHI [[HUO GU]CO GT
OUH FJC RLSU ONG LN G[H]G G[TC GQD GI OONS ODC G[H]D MN DH]N GLG G[H]G RQID RN GLG
RLSUG LWO ONG [QHON L][QQ ]C P][QH WGU D GYLD U L][QQO ][QQ HU ]L PG GHY RN
JSG ]QGHI KW]Q [JCQ LN C]L[HCFQ CHG ONG IC ]H[QHJ VLTHGO HC[N [HFH [HF OND COLQQ
RHLOU ]H[[HU]GO HSC PLNL[Y IC LN RLOD] C[D U[G [YL C[D GSG OUHWG OC JNQ []HL CYHLH
RLDQOH OLNQO GID LFH RHLOUG PHZQD ZDF]S FL]UO FU OUHWG OC JND RL[HTLCG MLQGO
EN VF
PHQ [HTLC RLC HK OLUO H[QC L[G RLLUO L FDULF CG GOJ]NO CG CLZ CO [QC CSLD[
GKJO OHNL LSWQ ]LULDD ][HJ G[W [HNQO []HQ RNO []GD ]HO]O R]LS ON [HU LSWO
FDULFD PLHJ RLCH PLSHC[G HD]N RNH RD[ZO GJZLO []HQ PGL]HCZFSHWD GQGD FLQUG PC COGH
[]GD ]HO]O RLC GQOH GOLJ]NO [DFG [TCLL UHFQ RN PC GUD[ CQ
FW