EWDW ]DD H[CD]S PLDNHN ]FHDU ]CQHK LSLF LK[W
"ROGOF PL[DFG O PSLF GQ IU
THQLDO GOLJ]Q GDYJ RDC PLDNHN ]FHDUO GOLJ]Q HCSD ]LD C
PO GFLLNH GFLLT ]QLLZ RDC GOLDD H[LLNH HFLLTH PHNUO HGYZGH PFC ][LFO LHSD GLG ]LD D
PHNU
GZOHTH PLDNHN ]FHDU GLOU GFQUHG RDC HSQQ GCYHGH LSQI RWHCD PLDNHN ]FHDU HNH]O GTSNHG ]LD E
HO HHJ]G PFC ][LFO LHSDG ]LD F
RCQN [TCS GLSDG PU FLQ MNO GOLJ]Q GDYHJ RDC RNH PLDNHN ]FHDUO GOLJ]Q HGHCSD ]LD C
L[ ROGO PLCS]G GID HZOJSH RLLFU GFDUS CO WUC FLQ G[HTC PLDNHN ]FHDU [QCF
ML[YH POHUO []G HO RLC OC[LO MLL GLG PCH G[LDD PLDNHN FDHU LU OHKLDD COC []G HO RLC
OLON HFDCO
HSLCH G[I GFHDU LQQ N HSLF LNG HCOD ODC HQYU ]LDO PLFDHUN PL[HQC PL[DF GQD
P (FDU GUQ COC [TCS
FHLTG FLJ GQ OKHS PHNU PO GFLLHNH GFLHT RDC RNH PHNUO HGH[LLNH HGHFLLT P]T ]LD D
F VLUT ROGOFN HOHN [TCS HO HHJ]G PCH []HQ ]LDGH PFDCQH [HLNGH
RDCG ]LDG VHED HC ZDFHQ JLKD [HLNH FHLT RLD ZHOLJ RLC
RDCG ON DZHS COC HFLJG ]OLKSD LF RLC RDCG VHED FLLNH FLLT PC UQQ TH]G L[DFQ
OKHSH HFLJG FESN [DUO [DUQ
PLNL[Y PSLCH PL[]HQ GZOLTH PHNU GLOU FLQUG RDC RNH GCLYHGH PHNU HNH]O TLSNG ]LD E
OHKLD
]LDG GUS GOLDD ]LDG FJLL ODC LSQI RWHCD PO PHNUG CLDGN [DHFQ L[WO
]UF OU LHEG CLYHG PC FJLL HOLWC PL[WQ LH [TCS P HFDUN FLQH IUO LQ]
R[U IUO RLQQ ]HLGO ]LDO OHKLD GHGQ HZHOLT L[G [LIJGO CO
[HTLC RLSUO HO]N HSLF H[DLJ VHTDOH HO] [DHT D[ [QC RN [TCS HO HHJ]G LHSDG ]LD F
PHNU
D[O C]ULLTG GJF LZO L[ N GOLUQD UH GI RLF OU ZOHJ HSLC OCHQ VC HJLNHG JQ TH]G
GIZ [HC LFHQU ]HD UUH P GSQGQ
JQ VF
ROGOF ]HSOLCG O PSLF GQ JU
PLDNHN ]FHDU M[HYO HGHDLN[G HC HGHNL[DG ROLC C
PHNU PO HOTLWH HUFLE D
FZ
DJ G[I GFHDU ]NTQ PHNLTO ]HDH]H ]HOC
HO HHJ]G E
HQYUD H]HC PLFDHU RLCH PHNU HL]J] L ROLC F
HL]H[LW PL[QH HC HL]H[LWQ PLQUHK RLCH HL]J] PL[QHNG PLDHLH G[C CHG HSO JNHG CO ROLC G
PEJ PHLO [N:s PGQ ]HUO
RLCH ROGOFNH HOTLWH HUFLE ROLCN HSLF PLDNHN ]FHDU M[HYO HGHDLN[GH HGHNL[DG UHKS ROLC C
HOHN ROLCG MND [TCLL GFJ GULKSN ]HDJS GDN[GGH GN[DGG
GQ ]OLKSD LF RLC ROLC O HWHED DLN[G PC UWLD U LQOH[LD ]JC GUF GSL
DLN[G
COH PLOHFLE P]HC ]]L[ND LF G]UQ HD HOFEL PLOHFLEO Z[ FHDUO RLHN]S PC PHNUO HOTLWH HUFLE D
HOLWC [WCH@ LC D[F C]WZ]C LWO HS]LEHT ]SZTQ CLG MN VLOJG GQ COC ROLCG [ZLU [TCS
>]WTH]G COC [HTC RLC GID GFHQ FDU VHTDOH UKSD ROLCG ON ]C [THC LTHL LD[
COC []G HO RLCH [TCS HOHN ROLCG L[WO PHNU CGL HOHN ROLCG HOHTLWH HUHFLED RLHN]S PCH
PLDNHN FDHU LU OHKLDD
Z[ FHDUO H]SHHN PC [LW COH []HQ [CGH VLOJG GQ OKHS D]NH P]T EJ PDQ[G C
FIL PJH[L HSD[ ]UF RNH HOHN ROLCG HC PLOHFLEG
[QHCG ]UFO HOLWCH HO GHJ]G PC COC H]WTH] G[TCS CO RHC[G RWHCD TH]D [CHDQ D
]FHDU ]HUO H]UF RLCH [DHJQ CHG LSWQ FLQ G[HTC L[NS FLD PLDNHN ]FHDU
PLLFL]UG PLOHFLEG ]C COC PLDNHN
PD [HKG CLDG RNH GCHJ]G COD VC [HTC UQQ PLSHC[D CDHG PD[ L[DFQ HOLCH
COC [TCS [ZLUG RLC ROLCG VHE ]C PE FHDUO RLHN]S PC >L[GN COF@ HL[DFOH C[G
HO GHJ]GN
J ET CHIJ HFDU CO HOLWC [TCS MNO GOLJ]Q HUKS ROLCH
HOHN ROLCG [TCS HOFELNO PLFJG RLOHFLEG HOFEL [JCO Z[ ROLCG ]C FHDUO RLHN]S
TH]H L[N CHIJ
MOLCH RCNQ ]WTH]G OCHQ L[DF H[LWD CLEHTG ]SZTQO IUO GOLJ]Q HUKS COH ROLCO GHJ]QG E
PLQNJN KZS OCHQH [HTC L[D[OH []HQ PLQNJO H[ZLU ONG L[DFO G[HTC
FDUS CHG RQID CLYHL GQ ON COC HWHE [TCS CO ZTW EJ PDQ[G
[]HQ ROLCG PQ IUG ]C OKS PCH G[HTC G[C HI L[G PLQNJ L[DFO PHNU HL]J] L ROLC F
GUQH PLSHC[ RLQQ ][H]D CO VC G[HTC G[C HI RLC RHUQ LD[ L[DFOH OHKLD ML[Y HSLCH
PLFDHU HLG G[HYOH OLCHG ROLCO ]J]Q OEG ]J] HCYQ G[HY LW OU RHUQ LD[ [L]GH
COC PLQNJO [HTC ROLCG RLC IU HL]J] HCLDG NJCH UHKS GLG ROLC TH]D [CHDQ C
PHNUO GOLJ]Q HGHUKS PCH MNO GOLJ]Q GUHKS G]LG HOLCN GC[S LSWQ RSD[FQ
RSD[O G[H]GQ G[HTCH IU LQQQ LGL[G GL]J]
FL[H CDKL[ R[U [TCS CO IU HL]J] HJLSG NJCH UHKSG ROLC PL[DHT LH
PLZOHJ LH [HTC [O HOLWC PL[QHC L MNO GOLJ]Q UKSNH
GZ
]UF VTHL
PLFHQ HQYU ROLCO HFDU CO UHFL PC ODC P]TD COC PLQNJ HZOJ CO PL[QHC L D
GJF CDKL[GH LQOH[LG H[LWD L[LCQD U []HQ PLQNJ
HGQZ FHL FJ PDQ[U GQYU G[I GFHDUN COH RLQQ PHQH [HTC ROLCG PLQNJN GNOG E
PHNU OHKLD RLFQH ]H]LQYO PHNUG GOKS PC COC IUG ]OLKS GOLUHQ RLC PL[QHC L F
OC[L ]OLKS PE GOLUHQ IC LU[CD COC IUG P GFQUHG CO GOLJ]NOQ PC HC
PDQ[ L[LCQ [DFD PLZOJQ PSLC LH FHUH CDKL[ RDQ[U
LQ LH ELZT GQZ C[EGD [H TH]U []HQ ROLCG ]HUFG ONO GQHZQD PHNUG GOKLD PCH
EHFGQ FL[H]U MNO GOLJ]Q UKS ON CZHF OHKLD ML[YG
[QC RN [HTCH G[C CHG RQLT GI L[G HL]H[LWQ PLQUHK PSLCH HL]J] PLDHL PL[QHNG P]T ROLC G
LDT LO H[QC [QLQC [QC PHNU ]LDO [N:s ]LLUO HL]H[LW PL[QQ ROLC VC VLTHG OCHQH D[
OCHQN GNOG IL RL[FGST CSLU D[H GFHGL D[ C]LFDQHWF
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v t ]DO C
GL]J] [HDUO D
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]DHJ PHQ RNH GSQQ GSGS L[G FYG RQ COC GL]J] DHL HSLC HOLWC '1YD
v t DLO [HTC G[LC C
PLEL[G OYD GOY OY QLH FHUH L[WN GOY OY ZJH[QH HOZ OYD HOLWCH P ]DO [HTC GZJ[G
GWHS ]J] DHLG COC CQKS CO ODC [HTC PLOUGH
CQ G[IE PHQ GID [HTCO PLFFYQ LH ]HSGLO H]SHHN RLC PC GOYD DLO [L]Q LQ L C
R[H L[LCQU RHHNL
LHU ROLCN CO ]LDG LN XHJD FYG RQ HOYD FHQUO []HQ PLSHC[ HD]N PHNU ]LD D
FL[G NNH PLDNHN ]FHDU [QHJ PHQ [HTCO L TH]D LSG XH[L]G LWOH HNH]O
][JC M[F L PC PLD[G ]H[O GKHS GOY PLD[G ]C ]OIHE G]LG PCH G[CG ]J] [HDUO [HTC D
D[F GUQN GYH[QD [HDUL DHJ PFCH []HQ HCO PCH GL]J] [HDUO [HTC UH TH] HIN G[YZ
]
C[EGDU C[QED ][JC T[EH DHJ PFC RLF KLQG UHH PDQ[G
]OIHEDH C[L]D RD GFHGL LD[ L[DFNH >GL]J] ]DH[Z]G PHQ@ OGCD CQKS G[CG ]J] [DHUG
[HGK PLD[G ]C
]HSGLO RLHNQ PC CQ ZW]TGO L COC GL]J] [DHU HSLCN G[CG OYD [HDUO []HQ C
R[U [HTC OYGQ H][LDUD
[HDUL CO H[QC GCQHK PHQ COC G[CG ]J] [HDUO [HTLC RLC D]N PLSHC[GQ L D
CD[ PD CDKL[U
PLJQYD PLQEG ]HQLD RLFG RNH GOYQ GSGS L[G [HTC GQJG ]HQLD G[CG ]J] ]HZ[L ]UL[I E
][IJ RHEN POHUO PGO GWL OYG
HZ
DJ G[I GFHDU ]NTQ PHNLTO ]HDH]H ]HOC
[HTC LTHL [OH []HQ PLQNJ L[DFO ZIS COC OYG RQ RGO GCSG RLC PLQEG ]HQLD
]UFO PL[HQC GSQD HL[DFH []HQ RN PE HQYU LTHL [ ]UFO KQ CLEHTG ]SZTQOH >MHWLC C[QED
[HTC EIHI PLQNJ
HJO L GOLJ]NO [CHDQ L]C GF DT ROGO TH]G RHOQH []HQ P[HE GIH GI GNOGO C
ODI GUS CHG VC H[QC PLQNJ ]UFO
OYD ]HZ[L U[I PC []HQ P[HE GIH GI [QCF RCQO PLZTHW FHUH CDKL[ R[ L[ ]UFO D
RHFLS OYG [HTCO HD]N RDQ[H PD[H TH]G POHCH []HQ GQJG ]HQLD HOLWC G[CG
FDOD [HTLC P[HE COC HO RLC L[GH HQYUO [DFN
RHC[G XH[L]O@
KQ JQ PLWF
"HSLF GQH P[HE GIH GI EHQG HGQ C W
" P[HE GIH GI ]OCD CLEHTD ]H[CHDQG ]H]HZWSG RGQ D
LD[ HZOJS H]JDGO HC HOHFLEO [JC [DF ][LYLO PGLS PLQ[HEG []HQG [DFH GCSGD [HTCG [DF C
LTHL LD[N GNOG OCHQ [QC GFHGL D[ [QC []HQ HC [HTC JDHQG [YHSG [DFG PCG PLQNJH LTHL
DQZ FHL WH LDH [HKD PE UH ROGOFNH LTHL LD[O HOLWC RN ]HUO [HTC GOLJ]NO POHCH []HQ
LSD COC []HQ RLC >PLSHC[ FHUH L[N COF@ TH]H PD[ ]UFO OLUO [NIHQN C
]HZ[L RHEN@ [JC [DF OUHW FJC ON []GGH [HTLCGN ODC GOHUW G]HCO PLQ[HE PL[DFG
[HTC >RGLOU REQ G[C O OYH []G O UZ[ZD ]HOFEG
LD[ ]UFD [CHDQ RN PL[HTLC [CO PLDNHN ]FHDU RLD ZHOLJ RLC GOHU CLEHTG ]SZTQ KWQ D
COH []HQ PL[HTLC [CD Z[ P]UFO [WC [HCD C[ OU PLZOHJG PLQNJ POHCH H]ZHOJQH LTHL
[HTC P[HE GIH GI HGQ D G[HTCH ]HLG PHNU HD]N PLZTHWG RQ LH PHNUD
PLOHNL HLG PL[DF GIG OONG RQ HCLYHG LH ROGOFN XQJ RLSUO PL[QHC L RNH GZT GQ]
IKU H]OHI [WC ODC JD ]WTH] COC GHGQ HSLC [HTLCGH [HTLCG P[HEG COO [YHHLGO
FZT
[U LWU ONG L[DFO [HTC GOLJ]NOH [HTC HC []HQ EIHI PC HZOJS RSD[F PL[HTLCD PE E
JG G[H]G LFHTL MOQG
[DFD D]N LQ L GI LWOH CHG OHKLD RLF PHQ []HQ EIHI [DFG PUK R[G D]N F
LHO]G [DFD HC P[HE GIH GI PHQ []HQ HSLC RN HQN DH[D OKD HSLC RL[L]Q HO L
L[U ]HQSHZ RLSUO IKG PL[FS GSQ PJO U H[L]GO P[HE GIH GI RLF HD MLL RLC RHQQ ]HNID
CEQ U
RLOHJH ODK COC EIHI PHQ HL]H[LW PL[L]Q RLC OHJD H]YZQ X[CD H]YZQ ROLC RLSUO GNE [L
PG PLD[HUQ
]H TH]DH IN PLJTW U
OHKLD HO RLC PN [L]GO EIHI HD PL[QHC RLC FZG RLSUO RNH
I PLCHOQ LSDC
JQ] LTHT JHC DZUL ]HUHL U
IZ
[HTC EIHI VC HGQD [HTCH OLCHG JTWD XQJ RLSUO CL RNH
PLSH PLQUKQ XQJD [L]GO PLSH[JC GD[G ]UF ODC P CCD EQWH
]UF VTHL
P[HE GIH GI ]OCD CLEHTD ]H[NIHQG ]H]HZWSG D
PLULLTQ ][]HQG UZ[ZG VH[LYD G[CG RQ CDG OYG GQJG ]HQLD G[C ]J] ]HZ[L ]UL[I
PLZTHW FHUH L[ ]UF CLG RN RLOHFLEO
FDOD [HTLC P[HEQ GCD OYG ]CSGH ]HLG [HTC CQOU LOHNO GID HD]N RDQ[GH TH]G POHCH
P[HE GIH GI DJS GI RLC MNOG OYD COH [JC RLSUD ]ULLTQ UZ[ZG HOLCH
UZ[ZG LUH [HTC L[W LU PLQ[ES PGL[G GQFCD O]S GO[U O L[WQ PLJQHYG PLOHFLE
L[W RN P[HE GIH GI ]OCD PLCS]G ]ZHOJQO HSCDH ][]HQG
[]HQ P[HE GIH GI LWUC [THC LTHL LD[ COC P[HE GIH GI ]OCD LHO] GI RHFLS RLC TH]G H[LWO
KHZSS PC HOLWC GO[UG L[WQ OFEG ]C PL[L]Q PLQNJ HOLCH OSNH ]HJDG LEHT LS PG LSWQ
GDLN[GH GNL[DGH >GCSGD G[THCG ]UFO@ GULKS HSQQ GOFEH GO[U L[W UKHSG POHCH [HTC EIHI
RLSU H]HCD PLQ[HE LS RCN L[G P[HE GIH GI ]OCO HSCD GID []G O ROLCD
[DN LN PL[]HQ RLOHFLEG UHNO L[W UKHSG GO[U LQOH[LG LWU PL[DHT PLSHC[ GQN
RDQ[U RNO PFHZ L[WG GON
ODK RHEN GOLNC L[HTLCD ODC RN RLFG GCSG L[HTLCD CZHF G[HTC GULKSG TH]GO VCH
]FJHLQ G[IE PGLOU H[IE GQH[] LOHFLE FDOQ PL[]HQ PLOHFLEG
GO[U O IHEC UKLO [HTC GOLJ]NO D[ [QC GFHGL D[ LD[FN RN GU PC []HQ LTHL LD[O LW OU VCH
TH] IHEC HKC [HJL PL[IHE RLCH GCSGD [HTC HSLC L[G []HQ [HJL ODC
LSL[ND GQKW]S G[W RNH >IUO HD[ZHG PL[W PFD RHEN@ PLDNHN ]FHDU ODID GODFIS GF
U[I] GF []HQ FQOH GI[] G[WGH [HD] GFG [HTC P[HE GIH GI [QCF RCQO PLDNHN ]FHDU
CLDQZ FHL FLI IU PDQ[ OSN []HQ GNOGOH ]H]LL[D L] [HWQD [DFD HZOJSH ONC]s G[WH
H[QC GF EQ TH]G NNH OSN ODIO [HTC ONG L[DFO GOLJ]NOH
RHFLS GI L[G GU[IO [HTC ONG L[DFO GFD RLUD ODIG PC >WH L[N COF@ TH]G ]UFO
OSNH [HTLC O FLJL P[HEN
ODI RGO GHHG GLDSG LWUC PLQEG ]HQLD G[C OYD ]HZ[L ]UL[I CSZTQO C[QED [CHDQ@
CO [HTLCG CYQS OYD PEHW GLDSD JLDQ GQ LN PL[L]Q PLQNJ [HTLC P[HE RCN L L[GH
[HTCO RLFD P[HE GIH GI D [HTCO PLKZHS PC H]UFOH HI C[DT OU ZOHJ LTHL LD[ POHCH PHON HGSGG
GID VC
IU ]ZLJ ]LL[I ]HFHC PLQNJH LTHL LD[ ]ZHOJQ PD[H L[ H[W RNH CLEHTG ]SZTQD UQQ
GOLJ]NO VC RN ]HUO [L]Q []HQ EIHI [DHT LTHL LD[ P[HE GIH GI ]OCD CLG PE GLHO] JH[D
LN PL[THC PLQNJH >J COC GI RLCH ODIO RLHN]Q HSLC [JCQ GOLJ]NO VC []HQ RCNH@ ODIO HJ HSLCH
>[HTC P[HE GIH GI P]UFO
L[G HYQLJH HW[KYSH GYQJO LFN FJC OND RLCH GTLUO HOWS GQH[] O [HCH RLOHJ O [HC
PLQNJ H[QC RNH [L]GO L LTHL LD[OH >GQH[] RLFN PLCQKOH PL[IO [HTLC @ [HTLC P[HEH []G P[HE RCN
GO[U ]SQD
PFZ PC >H]UFO [IULOC LD[ [DHT RNH@ [HTC P[HE GIH GI PLKZHS PC HOLWC [CHDQ LLDC L[DFOH
HO MOGH OKD [DN [HTCG [HCG []HQ []HQG [HCG OWS MN [JCH [HTLCG ]C ZOLTH
VHTDO [HTLCG OWS PC []HQ P[HE GIH GI HOLWC [WC >LLDCN COF@ C[QEG LHJLF LWO
RH[JCG [HCG CHG UDHZG POHUO [IULOC [O LQOH[LG ]UFD PL[WQ L RNH C[ [THC
HCO PC PFHZ [HTLCG ]C ZOLT PC [WG RLCH OWS
JZ
DJ G[I GFHDU ]NTQ PHNLTO ]HDH]H ]HOC
JT ROGO U XQJO LFN FJC OND []GDH [HTLCD L
HOLWC FJ [HS]D@ []G P[HEH [HTLC P[HE ]WD L L[G G[C LYUD ZTHG [HS]D G]WCS ]W
]QL[ED GWCS PC Z[ RL [HS]DH [HTLC P[HE LU V[HY HQYU [HS]G L[G GLWCG PFHZ HGHSSLY
>RHSLY COO ZTLG H]HC
LQF L[ GCSG MLOHL [IULOC [OH ]H[HTC ROHN Z]O ]H[JCD ]WG GD[U]S PC [THCG ]UFOH@
> CQUK GF GT TH]G NNH H]HQN GNOG L[LUI PD HZTWH JOQG PLO ]W ]CSG TH] PLYU
POHUO HD ]HWCO [HTCO RLC FJ [HS]D POHCH RYHL FU HD GWCL CO ONG L[DFO GOLJ]NO C
HN PLJTW C[H TH] LWU FDULF O DYQN GI L[G []HQ EIHI FQO
G[C LYUD ]WG GWC PC []HQ P[HE GIH GI FQO VC >DQZ FHL UH R[N COF@ PL[DHT L D
PQYU PLOJEGH [WCG > FNH GO[UDN CO@ IUD LN G[HTC ]WG RSHY [HS]G PFHZ
PD DQZ [HK U ]WD [HS]G PHJH [WC JD L L[GH [HS]G O HQHJO RLFG CHGH PL[HTC
CLZT MH GQ[G
LQ LH OLUO CDHQN P[HE GIH GI PHQ FJD VC [HTCO IU [HTLCD GNOGO PL[LQJQ LH
JHC [IS LSDC U FDULFD ][]HQ ]WG PC PE PHNU [HULD ]HYQ PUKQ GYL]S ML[YGO D]N
T
INHN PLJTWD U P[HE GIH GI RLSUD PLWTHS PLSLF LK[W
KQ VF
[N[ND HGHE[C FED C CW
"HSLF GQ G[C O PLOZF FWT LQOH[L HU P
"GSLF GQ []G ]HLDJD GD[U]S MTS RLL ]LDJ D
J[H GU ]D L[U OHSG OU PLJH]QG L]G LKHJ ]F[WGH KHDLO HD HQ]G XU LON
GCSGD [HTC FEDG FEDG ]C HD E[C GCSGD [HTC G[CQ JZOS [N[N C
LQ L R[U RSD[FQ CLH PLZTHWG DH[ PD GZT L [H ]HCHD] U G[H]G RQ FEDG [HTLC
]W HCO PC ]WD PLYU JD L PCG PLCS]G ]ZHOJQD LHS FEDG [HTLC FJO FFY
TH]G L[DF COHO HN PLJTW ]QC
PLO GCSG MLOHL [QHC [IULOC LD[ GCSGD PL[HTC POHN PL[JCD PL[JCH PL[JCD FEDG D[U]S
[IULOC LD[N GNOG L[LUI PD H[QCH JOQG
[IULOC [O HOLWC@ ]H[HTC ROHN ]HLDJG GDGC [D CFC D[ [QC []G ]HLDJD GD[U]S MTS RLL ]LDJ D
]H[]HQ ROHN [QC CFTJ D[ >RLUD [HTLCG RLC P ]H[JCD GD[U]S [HTLCD G]WCS ]WD OZG
GUQO G[HG CHG RNH [IULOC LD[N JOQG PLO G[HTCG ]LDJG LQF ]NOHG LFL OU
GSGS HSLC IC ]JC ]LDJ LQF ]LJWLH L[NSO HL]HLDJ ON [HNQO OHNL GSHC[ GUFO VCH
GQYU LSWD ]JC ONQ ]HSGLO CDD COC HZOJS CO FU ROGO ED[ L[DFN [HTLCG RQ OON
H[QC GI FZT LZ M CIL PJH[L HSD[ TH]H L[D U FU RQZOF CLEHTG LWU PL[DHT L
KZ