[L]Q LTHL [ RHLN [LW GZQ MNOH FL]UD COLQQ PL[HS PLOUGH GL]J] U[HI Z[ COC GOLJ]NO
FL[ CDKL[ RDQ[ GLDSG ][LSO HJO COH P ]HZ[L UH[IO [L]GO HO GLG P[HE GIH GI FDULFD
GO[U L[W ]ULKSN [HTC GOLJ]NO PEG []HQ P[HE GIH GI [QCF RCQO CLEHTG ]SZTQ LWO CHG RNH
OSNH GOLJ]NON RHFLS GI RLC GQJG ]HQLD VC G[CG ]J] ]HZ[L UH[IO []HQ
ODIQ PC CHG ZWT RHLN GOLJ]NON ]DJS GSLC HI GUL[I DT ROGO R[H RDQ[ PLSHC[D [CHDQ RNH
HCO PC
ODC GLDSG ]JDGD ]HCFH RLC G[CG RQ GQ ZJ[QD UH[IO COC []HG CO RNC D]N L[LCQGH
[HTC QQ HL]J]Q
[HTC GOLJ]NO [HTLC OKDQN CHG LSWQ PUKG R[D UQQ GOLJ]NO IHECG ]ULKS [HTLC [ZLUDH
RSD[FQ [DFG
DH[D PLFLD RL[HTLC OHKLDD COC PL[HQC HL[DF RLC [WC MC G[H]G RQ [HTC GOLJ]NO [HTLC OHKLD FDC[G ]UFH
GI RHEN P[ED COH
GKH[W GH GD L GULKS O HI GCSG L[G G[H]G RQ [DFG [HTC HD]N PLSH[JCG RQ L POHCH
PGL[DFQ RN GC[S RLC HN PLJTWD TH]G FU GQ]H@ DIS FHL CHIJG ]HKLWD D]N RN GCSG L[HTLCQ GSGS L[GH
PL[JC OD HO]H RHEN []HL OOHNG PUK D]N LN G[HQE GJNHG RLC R[GQ [WCH R[G L[DFQ GQHCQ [LNIG CO DYH
[HTLC OHKLD [HTCO HD]N LUHLGH FHHJG OU R[G L[DFQ GZG DGS DJ GQO ]JSQ [WTD UH OON GSGS HSLC
F[G D]N G[H]G RQ [DFG [HTC HI GUFNH >FW LTHTD U RNH [HTLCGQ GSGS CHG NLU RHLN G[H]GQ GOLJ]NO GCSG
DJ FHF FL H[WT VHTD T[KSHZD RLO[ZQ
KQ VF
PLSH[JC PLZTHWQ PLKHZLO KWD PL[HCD
IHEC U[I PC NLWUC [HTC P[HE GIH GI PL[DHT PLQNJ WUCH RSD[ CGH LTHL [ CG HCO LCQ
UZ[ZD GON L[WG LWO LQOH[LG LW OU RDQ[G D]N PUKGH PL[]HQ PLOHFLEG PLFHQ GO[U O
FHUH CDKL[D GNH JQYL CO FU
PC PE []HG RWHCD GOLNCQ L[QEO OTWSH J[TS [HTLC CEZ FHL ]UF ]HHJ [WTD D]N GSGH
]ZOJ [WTDH@ [WUN GUSH H[HTLC UZW [DN [TCSH [IJ CO PL[JC PL[QHJ ]WTHG LU HSZL]H [IJ
P[HTLC UZW HJ[TSN GCSG L[HTLCD HOLWC COC GOLNC L[HTLCD CZHF HCOH >ZOHJ CL FHL DCHL
POHUO
GIH GI PHQ []HQ JLQYGH HUKS [HTC L[W RCN [CHDQ COG HS]LEHTQ HQYU L[DF OU GZGH
JQYG COGH PL[HTC RLOHFLEG HLG UZ[ZG []G O [JC P[HE RCN GLG COHOLC UQQ P[HE
GCSG [HTLC ]Q[ED CD RHLN NLWUC DON ]OLNCQ OTWSH J[TS [HTCG L[WG [JCO Z[ GHG]S
[HTC
VTHS PUK RCN PLLZ []HQ P[HE GIH GI O PUKG FDOQ OSG PLSHC[GH LQOH[LG ]KL LWO RNC
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>PLQNJH LTHL LD[ GID HZOJS TH]G
EN
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GLGH []HG FU J[TS [DN GO[U L[W HSLSWO GLG HOLC RNC PLSHFLSG RLD ZOJO PHZQ L ]CI FDOQH
GUD [DHFQ RCN ODC GULKSG LSWO H[HTLC UZW [DN []HQ HSQQ OFEG ON GQFCD HO]H
ON [QHO L RN OU [HQE L[W GLG RLLFUN GOLJ]G GULKSG ]CSG L[GH [HTC GLG GQFCD HU[I
LHOG KD ]H LWU L[WG DZ[S [DN MLOG]G UYQCD PEG [HTCG [DFQ GCSGN [HTC HSQQ MQSG
JO DJ
GOHUW PLHU PLQ[HEG LS [CN Z[ HGI []HQ P[HE GIH GI [QHCG ]UFO HOLWC TH]G ]KL
GO[U [HJL ]DN[G RNH OHFLEO PLULLTQ PGLS UZ[ZGH CLG UZ[ZG ]C ]SFQG GLDS RHEN ]JC
GHU FJC ON ][]HQG UZ[ZG PU G[C O OY RHEN [JC [DF GHU FJC ONN ODC RZI XUD
COC JQLYH IHECG ]C UKSD LTHL [ [L]G CO P]KLOH [HTCH HFDO P[HE ON RHFLS ][JC GOHUW
RZI ROLCD GULKSG ]C DLN[GH ML[DGD
UHD ZTWS RNH PL[]HQ RLOHFLEG GO[U L[W UKHSG L[ ]UFN PL[DHT PLSHC[G DH[ POHCH
HK CJ ZJYL L[W ]HD [CDO ML[CG [CN
HW[KYSH XQJO LFN GID COH XQJO LFN GID CO GTLUG MH]O HOWS GQH[] OH RLOHJ O [HC
RLC MNOH >GQH[] OHKLD RLFN GCQQ FJC@ DH[D GOKD CLG GQH[] O ]HQND [DHFQ HYQLJH
XHQLJO P [ H E G JN ]SL]S FYQ Z[ CHG [HTCO RHFLSG COC HQUK HC [HTLC ]DH[U] FYQ [HTCO
[LLWSHD FHF HSD[ LHFJ LWU G[HTC GTLUG PLFHQ ONG XHQLJO FLJLG P[HEG [HTLCG GLG HOLCH GTLUG
KLZ ]HC PLJTW PL[HU XDHZD PE UH RDQ[G FLQO]
[NLS GJD WUC RNOH GQUK COC [CS COH ]DH[U]D GOKD]S [HCG ]HQQ GI RHSETD HC
U R[G ]HD LWU []HQ PLQ[HE LSQ CD JD H]HC RHLN GTLUD
[DFN CHG PHQ PCG [THC XLQJQG [DF RLFG FHTLD CHG PL[NISG PLQUKG LS RLD ZHOLJG@
PUK PHQ HSLSU CQ HC ]SZH]QG GTLUG O ]LJNHSG G][HYOH GQHLZO P[HEG CHG L[G FLQUQG
HZOJS [DNH VOCD HOLWC OKD HSLC PUKO LHUG [DFH RLOD] RLFNH E[HQ XLQJQG PUK [ZLUN
>DO OLUO CDHQD UUH ECZ JJ LHOG KD ]H LWU FHUH FJ L[WH RGN ]JSQ D[G PLSH[JCG GID
[HTLC OH []G O RLOD] RHEN PLUKQG [DFD PE MN P[HE GIH GI PHQ HSF XLQJQG [DFD PN
GSQD [CHDQ RNH []HQ P[HE GIH GI PLKZHS HSC GQ LWO []HQ PUK ]]O HW[KYG FJLD
HKD GO[U ]NTQD
[DU LQ ]HFHC C[LWQ GJQ [G PD HW KZOG LODQ CQ[D GNH JL JHC VTHL G]LD CDHQ RNH
PEG []HQ ONCQG NWUC ODQ PHQ [HTC CG OU RHC[ LOND OLD]D ]DD JOQ R]SH
HN[Y ON JOQS CO COC ]D D[UQ PE OLD]G JOQS CQ]TQ COG OKD HSLCH PUKO LHU JOQG
[]G O FJCH [HTLC O FJC PLQLUKQG PLQ[HE LS RCN L G]U CYQS
]C [HTLCG GHU RQI H]HCD PC COC []HQ P[HE GIH GI HSLYQ CO LWO ZOJ HKZT P IKG POHCH
O JOQG L[G RCN ODC ]JCN ]HYLQJQG [HC ]HNL]J L] HQN H]OHUW []GG PE GHU H]OHUW
FLJL P[HEN DJS MN [JC CD [HTLC O JOQG CYQS H]OHUW ]C GU [DN []G
GNOG PLQNJ ]UFO RCN [CHDQ L[G HL[DF OU HELG FHUH P GQ FQJH GD[ GLOC PLSH[JCGH
PLQ[HEG LS PC ZHOLJ RLC L[G []HQ POHUO VHTD OWS RLD GOLJ]D [HTLC OWS RLD P]HQN
[HTC P[HE CD NJCH []GG PFZ PC ]JCN PLCD
FN
KQ VF G[I GFHDU
OWS IC RHC[G [HCG O XHQLJG MLOG] [QES P[KD [DHFQ RCN IKG L[DF X[]O HD]N LH
[JC JOQ CDH H]OHUW [QE JOQO GQHF HSLCH G]U ]JCN PLOUHW PGLS L[GH GQH[] O [HCG
ZHOLJD ZLIJG CDZ JJ LHOG KD ]HD PSQC ZJHF HGI D]N MC GI ZHOLJD FFLY GD[ GLOCD ]HJLOQ VLTHGH
U IKG ]KL [DTGD GI
]LWHTG GCYH]G OU PLSF HSC GYQJGG OU PLSF HSCN RN PCH RLCYJO GLHC[ GSLC GTLU ]YQJG RLD ZOJO PHZQ L FHU
RLC GQHFNH JHOQ PUK OU PLSF HSCN RN CO PLDOD [DFG GUS PC PE PLQ[HE LS GO L L[GH ]SZH]Q GTLU O
LH ]KUHQ ]HJLOQD PGO JHS PLSC L PE@ GFJ G[LYL RCN RLC L[G ]JC GDLKJN [QEHQG PUKG OU RHFO PHZQ
HQYU LSWD CD [HTCG JOQG PC IKG [QC GID ]HJLOQ ]WTH]N GQYUO ]SHFLS ]WTHS JOQ ]SL]S ON COC >GDH[QD
CG GQO ]JSQ [WTD UUH HQYUO RHFLS CHG L[G VHTD
GF IN PLJTW TH]
PL[QHC L []HQG [HCD RNH XQJO LFN [HTCG [HCD LN PLSHC[G HZOJS
[]HQ []HQ P[HE GIH GI [QHCG ]UFO GID PE FHUH CD[ PD FU
ROGO C]LL[DD RHUQ [ ]UF RNH
]HNL]J ]C CLYHQ GLG HOLC RNCH [HULN XLQJG [HTLCG LWO DKN FHL CHIJD [CD PQUKH PL[THC PLQNJH JT
LSG O HUHLTD COC [HULN XLQJG CO FJC ON L[G []HQ XLQJGO LFN FJC OND L PEG [GQ [HCG
G]HCO PH[EO [HTLCD JN RLC XQJO LFN FJC OND RLCN COC P[HE GIH GI C[ZS RLC PL[QHC LH
RNH FHUH L[LCQ UH JT ROGOH RCN TH] [HTC XQJO LFN FJC OND L PC ODC []GG UHLTD COC GCYH]
IW FHLD PLSH[JC HZTW
[HTC ONG L[DFO []GD COH XLQJGO LFN HFDO [HTLCD GLG
GCSGD LS]QD ROGOFN RL[HTC OY G[HTC PLYU GSQLG OKS RS]F PLYUF RSD[H [IULOC [ COC
LTHL [N GNOG PLDNHN ]FHDUF CODID ODFILCF C]SLE CHGG X]HL FJ [HS]G ]C GD ZLTG
ODID GODFIS GSLE RNOH G[I GFHDUD HOLWC []HQ P[HE GIH GI GNOGG ]SZTQO CLEHTD [CHDQ
ZLTG ]SQ CYHL GI LWOH IU LSL[ND GQKW]S G[WD OLUO H[QC RNH PL[]HQ GL]H[LW IU
]UF RNH PLSHC[ FHUH R[G HD]N RN GNOGO GSLC ]WG ]CH [HS]G ]C ][THCG [HS]G ]C GD
GQ] JHC C[EGD MD UH DQZ FHL CQ[H UHD GNH PLZTHWG DH[
PL[HTLC [CQ []HL [HQJ IU [HTLC LWO [HTCO D]N GQ[G PD CLDG DQZ FHL [HKG POHCH
[NISN HS]LEHTQ GQ] VTHL ]LD DH G][HYN GSQG CLDG C[G L[DFQ ZLLF RNH
G]LG CO PFUODH ]WO PLLSHLJ PLYUG G[C LYUD HZLTG [HS] RLD ZOJO FZT P IKG ]UFH
IUD HOLWC []HQ P MNOH JD ]WTH] COC HSLC IUD GODFIS UZ[Z LOHFLE RLDH ]LWCS
GOLKD GSLCH HGQD G[HTCH OLCHG LSC IU RWHC OND GZT GQ] JHC PG[DC REQ ]UFO POHCH
HD]N POHCH CHG OHKLD ][H] PHQ EIHI RLSU R[G D]N COGH@ []HQ P[HE GIH GI GD PL[QHC RLC
[HKG CLDG GQ[G ]KLNH >CT EJ PL[LQ DDHF IH PLCHOQ LSDC ]HD UU RN GC[S RLC TH]GQ PLSH[JCG
[HTC P[HE GIH GI HGQD [THC RHLN JTWD XQJ RLSUO RLFG CHG D]N GI LWOH
CEQG ]KLN XQJD [LQJG I[EG UHDH U [HTC JTWD XQJD []HQ IUD VC D]N I H PLCHOLQ LSDC ]HD@
UUH []HQ EIHI PLZTHWG HD]N PLD OKD RHLN JTWG D[UD XQJD ODC ZJFG ]U HC GDH[Q FTWG PHZQD CO
EZ JJ LHOG KDD ]HKLG [HCDD
GOLJ]NO PHZQ ONQ ][]HQ GI [HS]D G]WCS ]WG MNO IUD []HQ EIHI KHZSS PC VC D]N T JHC [IS LSDCDH
>G[I GFHDU FHDLC ]HYQ LSWQ X]HL FJ [HS]
GN
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]UO ]UQ MH]D DOJG ]C PL[THC L JTWD GDOJ ]C ]H]O []HQ PCG PL[]HQG PL[DF PE
]KLN [HTC P[HE GIH GI OHKLD HO RLC ONH HGQD JTWD [HTC XQJG LSWQ XQJ GONCQ
[HTC XQJ PHQ PC GCSG [HTLC GI GLG CO PHNUG OYC PHQ PC PL[L]Q LH CEQG
PL[JC PLQUKQ HC []HQ P[HE GIH GI GOLNC L[HTLCDH GCSGD COH GOLNCD COC [HTC HSLC HGQD
GI RLSUD FCQ ML[CG IQZ CJ JHC GQ ]H[EC ]HDH ]HUFG L] ]C CLDG EOZT JQ] DSQG@
H]SZTQ HIH VU]TQDH
][]HQ OON []LG ]OLNC COD VC GCSG L[HTLC ONH JTWD XQJD GQKW]S GQGDF GIQ CYHLG
[HTLCH GC[L OD [HTLC OU [DU VCH OC[L ]QGDQ VC GO DOJG PE []HQ RNH PHLD HD GOLNCO
ODC CSLFO ]H[HGO HGI GID H[TCS CO DOJGH [DG ODC FDU FDUF C[HTLCF ]H[]HQ GCSG
UHFL VHU KHJO COH DOJG OHNCO COH RL[THC L N HQYUO [LQJL DHK LCFH WS LOUDO
WS LOUDO VC HJO RLC CQ]TDH FDO XQJD GQKW]S
O PGL[QCQD RHLOE G[H]G WU ]HCOZJG [ZJO RHNQG GF ]HNLOG RHULFLD LUQG FYD GI RLSUD FHU GC[H
>CKLO L][WCH [ESO PLSD[G
ZJD U HCO PC PL[]HQ PLOHFLE P]HC PCG UZ[ZD GHU[IH JTWG GLOU [DUH GYQJ]S GCHD] OU PLSH[JCG HSF RN HQN
HK CJ ZJYL L[W ]H EQ] PLLJ [HZQH DZUL
OCUQL LD[ LULD[ Z[W
S VF
ZOJ HLG CO PSQC [QC] PCH HSQQ HOWS CO LCFH ]H[]HQ HQU ]HC[S RLC L[DT RSD[
PLSDCG [HTCO RLC CSZTQO COC RN PSQC GO HZ[IS CQ HJS PHZQ ONQ GQYU PHNUG
GOLJ]D HS[DT GQ LWOH ]H[]HQ RNO PLSW RLUN ]DH[Z] HI RLC LWO ]DH[Z] PHQ ]HZ[ISG
[FED HOLWC ]HQC FO XHJ ]Z[IS ON HS[DT [QHO L PLSW RLUN GSLCN PEG G[HTC ]DH[Z]
CDKL[ GSLC ]DH[Z]
RNH RSLUD GFD TH]G ]UF CLG MNH@ ROGO H]KLO LWO GI PLSW RLUN RSLC LN ]DH[Z] PHQ R[TCO RLC D]N GQ
PLSW RLUN HSLC VC FDC[GQ P CLDG POHCH ]DH[Z] PHQ OON [TCS HSLC PLSW RLUN HSLC ON >L[Q UQQ
]HZGO GD[G DS VF DOHO MOQG [UD POHCH MQ[G L[DF [HCDD KOZ FHL GOHFEG ]TSND D]N RNH OHKLD ML[Y
NQN OON ]DH[Z] HI RLC CFO XHJ [QHO ML[Y H]KLOH HI GKL OU
JK G T L W ] [W CSLS] G[HFGQD FL[G ]HTLW] L]D RCN ]JC GTLW]D RCN CLZ CO
PLSDC L]D CLG PLQNJH OCUQL [ ]ZHOJQH HDLDTQ LHSWG PHZQG [QHON TLOHZ[QG O H]TLW]
GI L[G TLOHZ[QO ]HQC F MH]DH []HQ PLQNJOH [HTC OCUQL [O GTHW]G JKD HCYQS
]HQC F R]HCO MHQTD CLG GSHHNG ]HQC UD[C FYD HZOJSNH UHNO [HTCH HQYU TLOHZ[QN
]HQC FQ [ ] H L HQYU TLOHZ[QGQ ZHJL[D [QHON HDLDTQ
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