[LNQH G[HZQO HI GFQJ DLQ HSLLG GDH]GH HDO OND GO D OCHDH P H[F ]QCD
]FQ H]HNOQ GU MOQG FHFF ]H[YHCG OU ]HLGO LHC[ CHG MNOH DGIGH VTNG M[D]L HO
RHLOUO ONG ]HSZGO [LNQH UFHL GLG [DF H]HC OU GSHQQG HSLLG HLHSLQ ONH PLQ ]HNOQ
RN OU RHQQ FQHJ GCL[DD LG H[YL RHLN HFL OU CD ]H[YHCD GN[D PEH X[CH PLQ GSHZ
CHG RLU DHK [QCS PEH HFL OU RHQQD G ]N[D L[G HDO OND D RHLNH GID PHYU JN HD L
]FQJ PHQ HSLLGH DG GCH[G Z[WF LQOH[LD C]LC HQN G[I GFHDUD RLU [Y GLG CHGH M[HDL
OU GN[DG MNO UFHSN DN RLU ]DHK CHG RLU ]H[Y PHZQDH PL[JC OD G[Y HSLU RHQQ
HFL
G[Q GQLEO GOHFE HLOU H[QC FZ RL[FGSTDH OC ]LDF RZI CLDS CHGF LQOH[LD P RLLUH@
[C CLDSG OC G [DF LGLH RJOG OC PLDL PG LGLH EL CPLNOQ DL]NF OUDG LFDHU OU GSLN
RLU DHKD LWO Z[ "GSLN HLOU G[] H[LDJO OLNCQ FJC HKC CHG COWF HEH HDLG
LN GOHFE C]HD[ CHG HOYC MNO RLU [Y GLGH HOHZOZO [IJ IC CHGH OFO HQJOQ R]S LN [QCS
CWZ ZLFYG ]ZFY >HL]HFQD CHG GQ LWN FJC ON RF LG
UFLHGL RD UU
ML[Y GC CHSG OI[ H[QC GQ LW OU L C S H Q J ]JWQ GC[ZS FHU MO [CDC DECH
CLSG RHJS ]HJC DFSLQU ]D UDLOC ]C R[GC JZLH RGNG R[GCQ GI HJLNHGH GLJCD ZHFDL
CS ]H[HGO CHG MC RGNG R[GCQ CZHF [DFG FQOS CHG ZL[ [DF COH OC[LD RHC[G
WNU ]L[JCD HLSD HNI RN OU GNHOQO JLOYQG LL UIEQ [KHJ CYL HSQQ RHJS ]HJC R[GC
]H[HGO OOHNG PU R H J S CL[KQLED L C S H Q J RN OU PLCSHQJG LQLD G]UO GNHOQO
GNHOQ Z[ CHG ODC RHJS LQLD DFSLQU U[IQ RN PE PLCD ]HLGO GNHOQD GQG PE HOONS
KOF ]DK HOTN [NL LSD MH]Q G]UO
C L Z VF
GSZ] LN C]ONQD HQN PHZQ OND OHWNO RHOG M[F MN PHL [U GUD[C GSLNO [QHJH OZ
RCN IQ[ LOHCH RDQ[U HLF ][QC G[U PL] FHDUL [EG VC FDHU OC[L PC L[DU FDU
IQ[ LOHC HC CO GFS U PGLS FESN GDZGH HQCH HLDC GDZG PFCD RLW]H GO PHQ CZHFD
FHUH TH]U RGNH MOQ GLG GQ GI GSLNO [QHJH OZ QLH KOJHQ U[HYQN ]H[ETG LSO
GLGL HFZ RGNGH KN CLGF GQOD DH]NN G CTN OU DHL MOQG LN H]SHGNH H]HNOQ PHQ GSLN GQ C[ZSH
PHZQG FHDNO HFHDN ZHG PEG DC FHDN NCQ GOLJQO R]LS HSLC QQ GSLN FHDNN HSLLGH G LSC HFZ LN MO
G PU G ]C QQ HGL[GH C[L] C G ]C LHDL[Q FQOSG PNJFLQO]F [WO L FHU GOLJQO R]LSH QQ HGHQN HSLC
M[FD LWU GL[ZLD UD] GDHZF J] LSC H[QC RNH QQ GSLN FHDNN HFHDN L[G G PU P LGLH GQD DL]NFN
IS RLHFZD CDHQD UU PLDHK
J
CLZ VF C[]D CDD
CDKL[
[IHJ RLFG G]C GSQ [DFD GUHK MD [FGC OLI
GZH G[QC CO CSHG D[ UFL G[HCNO GC[S VLTNLC MNQ VLTNLC GLO JOC GLO [QC
CQ C[L]S [WO RLCH " IN ]HN[D POHUO ]HSU[HW CLDQ HD[ LWQ UQ CO [DF [QHCG ON COG
LD L][IJH L][QC RNC [QCL CSHG D[O HJOLN COG C[LO HO GQ RN PC HD [IJ
CO CQ HC GNOGO CSHG D[ HO UDZ CO CQ RN RHLNH CKGL[ DEC CSHG D[Q ]CI UQ GC[SH
CDKL[ POHUQ HO L][QC CO [QCLH G[QC CSHG D[ [HNIL
PD[H L[ H[LW DHLNH OHFE ROLCD HL[DF GO] HL[DF FLQUGO LFN COC CSHG D[ PD RN [QC CO D]N OCSSJ HSD[H
JDG[ [QHO LH DYH [JC RLSUD [LW P OCSSJ HSD[ POHCH OHFE ROLCD GO]LG ZSJLO ]ZD PC DLZ PLJTWD
D[ LFLQO] OHFE GLG CSHG D[D ]CI GO] COC D[ [QC MN CSSLJ D[ ]UHQ ODLZ
JOC HO [QCH HLOU FLWZG MN ON RHLN H[LW OCHQH D[F CG LN G[DT RCQN HGLCH
CDKL[ HED PL[DF LCFH GLO
CQH HLSLUD HFED GSEL UHFQH HFED LQ GQO [HCD ML[Y ZN GL[HUL RLF GLO [QC GE
LSD PSLC LSWQ PGLFEDD PLSLLHYQ ODDD PLQNJ LFLQO] GQZ ]DD H[QC GQ LW OU [WO L
PLCS PLHDOQD PQYU PLSLLYQ HLG CO OC[L X[C LSD UQQH G[H] LSD PSLC LWO HC PQHZQ
G[H] LSD ][HN DUH UH[E CHG HCYQ MN RNCH PHZQG EGSQN EGHS PCG ]UFO LCSL LD[ GY[ MNLWO
PL[QCQ LKHZO UUH U HL]HNLOGH HDLK OU GG] OQN FEDG HLE [LW L[LCQGH DZULO ]QC OC[L X[CD
GF LQH[Q QU RGNG Y[O
GU RN]LH "HQ LSWD PLZ PL[DF HLWON [DFQ FYLN GZ VOLQO LDY RLF ]LO FHE DU
HLFLQO]O JLNHGO D[O []HQ DSZ [LCL ]HJ ]HD D]N LWNH []HL RLLUL HI[IO LFN RN
F OON PLLJ PLQ [CD [GO OG PLLJ XWJ LWU GCLEGH ]HUKG RQ H[QLL PI[IO LFN PLZ PL[DFD
N QD ]UF VTHLD CDHQD UUH H ]HC
PLSHC[GQ GQN HD]N GCO G[HNDG KWQ COH LCO G[HNDG KWQ G[NDG KWQ HO
>JQZ UGC CSLS] GFHGLD UFHS U ]H[JC ]H[FO ]HCD RGH@ ]HQFHZG ]H[FO ML[Y RLC DH G]UQ
GCG LTNSD COH LCG LTNSD COC PSLC POOND G[HNDG LSLFO KHULQ UQQ GI FHQLO
G[WD [DHFQ L[G [NDO ONHL CO LCO RLLG] LN G[WG ON OU LCZF G[FG [WO L GI LWOH
COG PLKHUQO ML[Y UHFQ GZG [HND L Z[W VHTD LCIEOC KL[ LU@ GCG COH LCG LTNSD GOHN
G[NDG KWQ H O DH]N GI OUH >QND TH]G HD]N HQN GCH LC HHHG CO LC DH]NN
][JC G[HND RLCH DCG LTNSD [HL G[WD [DHFQG [HNDO Z[ [QHON
PLKHULQ GO ML[YH PL[JCG PLKHULQO ML[Y CSZTQG LWO PE H[W PLSHC[GQ L PSQC
CS [HJD PE KUQQ GO COH HO GIG KHULQGH GOH]D CS RHQOCO GSQOC CS [HJDO
ROGOH RCN GQ[ FLD QNH DH]NG [H]L PHQ DCG OU HO PL[HF [QHO ML[Y PGL[DF LWOH GOH]D
DNZ
K
]UF VTHL
[QHC HOLCNH [HFO [HFQ OEOE]QG [DF CLG G[HND G UHQO R]LS QQ L[HQG OU COH [HLG OU DTHQ HKHW LWO VCH
]NOHGH ]OEOE]Q G[HNDG ]HFZ RLSUO ]H[FQD L HQNH@ HLDC O H]HDLJH H][HND ]C ODZO KWQG RDG GIO
HJNQH HSQQH [NI CHG FYQ GSHGNOH G[HNDO ]HNLL HD L QQ OUHWD [HND HSLC HLDC PC PE LN > HNH RHC[G PFCQ
GSLC GCG NCQ H[HND HSDD ]OEOE]QH ][DHU JND G[HND GSL HD PE RN OUH GID HJHON CHGH [HNDG [WHG
MH]Q G[H] PSD FQOOQ ]H[HKWG PLS RLSUN CHGH@ [HNDG GSDO OEOEO GQ GO RLC PLSGN ]FHDUD HQN G[HNDD ]NLL
PLDHK M[FD >RLHFZF ZWD C]LCFN RFQOO DLLJ RGLDC RLC
RHO GI RL[HFH RLWLTHQH RLU[HE [DT CZ HO H[C ]OJS ]C P]]SH [QCZ LNG CD[ [QC
GQ[ FL H[WTD GQ[G
IQ[ HO LH MN RLFG LSLTQ GQO GNOG HSLFLD ][HTQ [DF [QHON RL[HFH RLWLTHQH RLU[HE
GLSD VLTHGOH HI GDL]Q UH[EO PLC[ HSC HSLFLD ][HTQ CHGG IQ[G PHZQ RLC WUC G[H]G RQ
G[H]G RQ IQ[G PHZQ OU FHQUO LFN HSLFLD [HTQG RLFG M[F OU C[ZQG H[FO LFN
C[ZO GL[ZUQO RSL]C CZ [ZULQ CO RSCF CLZ CO CG "LNG C[Z DH]NO C]LC PC CQL] LNH
MNOG FHJOD RLQDL ][WF [HNDD COC HKHW LFLQ CYHL C[ZQ RLC RO CQLLZ CGF L[QEO GLKWQ
PFHZ CHG HLDC ]JWQQ HLOC DH[ZG HLDCO PLJC GLO ]LO LCF RSLUHQCO DL]NFN C[Z ML[KYC
MH[UD UUH H]C ]C [HL OUDG H[FOH VLTHGOH VLTHGOH UH[EO H]C ]H[LO H[C ML[KYCH
TG ][HTQD RLLHYQG
HK ]HWTHS ]HDH] C[G ]H UU
]DG ]H[L RLSUD ]UEHSG GN[DO PLZLFY [NI [YOQ RQOI [TLC LD[ RHCEO LC RHIJ OUD RHCEG JO ][EC GSG
HY CJ CHIJ ]H[EC XDHZ
FES ]HFJ ]HSZ] ]HUO ZG HSY[C [LHCD ]WJ[QG G[I GDJQ OU OHFEG L[UY ULFHGO GID LSHY[
]HLGD OC[L LSHQC LQHO ]HDOQ GSHQCG TH[LG P[HE GI LDODH HSLFLD G]U GLHYQG G[H]G
PL[QCQD PHL OND PLSH]U XLWGO PLD[QH ]HYHJ ON C[D ]HQHG CJLQF C]DZUD ]HSLQGH G[LWNG
RLC POHUGH FJC COC POHU RLC PDDOD ]UKOH PL[ZLU ELD GSHQCQ PUG ]C [LTGO DO LJZHO
D[U FU [ZDQ HL]HOHDJ]H LC LOOUQ ONH PLQG RQ G[H] RLCH FJC LHE OC[L PU RLCH [YHL HO
HNHOGL G[LWNG JH[ LWO
L ]HE[FQO HZOJ]L ]HDHKG ]HFQG []L ONN GSHQCG ]FQH G[LWNO GSHQC RLD OLDEQ ZF HZ PSQCH
GLOU [HDULH FCQ GLHW[ H]SHQC RLQCQ LH GOZ G[LDU ON GFL OU LE[LH GZIJH GCL[D H]SHQC
PLWLUTG L] OU JTHWG RN]L PSQCH GSQC LSKZQ CHG COC DJL RLQCQ CHG PE PSQCH E[G LOD
UDKD LN HSUL UFL HL[JC HNO CHG OUDG PC [QCN DHKO [HNI HGLOCH PLSWOH HZQ CHG RLLFU
]L]LQCG H]SHQCO DH U][S [DN G[LWNG GYZ ]C GCH[N OJG RLQCQG
LN GSHQC RHLW[ RHDJ OU [WHNG LSLUD RJ ]CLSQ PLSGSH PL[WHNO PLUSNS HS[HFD PLWWH[G PSQCH
[CN PL[]LG CHYQOH PLLSHLJG PL[DFD PL[HTLCG OU []HHO ML[Y UFHL ROKD HSSLCH LCSZ HSSLC
GIOG VLHIQG RLQCQG ]C HDOD GIDQ RNCH HSHJYS OU JQ [WHNGH PLLHNUG PLLJG ]CI H[FL
L
DLZ VF C[]D CDD
RDG PU ]DG [L] H[QCL ]KOJHQ G[LWNO GL[F HUQD H]SHQCO DHO RLQCQ ONO GLG LHC[ ODC
JH[G XQCH ]UFG ]HWLZ] ]J]H ]HDDOG HQKCS HSSHGQ]OH PLZHFYG PU PLQNJG GID HQJO [DN [C
PLUQG ON RHD[ G[HDEG LWQ HSODZ RNH CHG PLZOCO KWQG LN RQHC ]SHQCD DYLS [HYN FHQUO
KWQG ]C [LCGOH G[LWNGO ]HHJ]GO ]HOHDJ] HZDLH GOW P]UF HOC HCYQL X[CG ON RHFC
PSQC LN HSDLHCO GOG] ]]OH ]H[L] C[DN C][DF PLHEG ONN EGS]GO GUQO ODC KWQGRHJD
MN PLSICO LHC G[LWNG ]DUH]O G[HQE GCFHG [HCSG PU LWO PLC]Q G[H]D GOJSG ZJ RLC
]HUQH
PCH GUQG POHUD HEGS]L [C PLFJ PLZHJD G[H]G [QGOH VLOJGO PLOJSG PLDHJ GSGNH GSGN
HSZL]H PLQNJG HCD [DN LN RLFG CHG RN FDG HO H[QCL G[H] RLF H]HC RHFO RLQCQ LC H[FL
G[H]D ]HOFE GIO ML[Y ]HSZ] RZ]O OON PLHC[ HSC RLCH PH]L [HF HSJSC LN HL]HD[Q UQ CO LQH
HSJSC PLQNJ [QHO HSW[U GZSH HSLSW ILUS MLCH HSJSC PLKHLFGH PLCOW HSF[L HSJSCH GCOWHQ GFQD
]H[HFO ]HSZ] UHDZOH RHQQ [LZWGO HSLFLD JN L
HQN HSQU FHQUL CKLO E[FG R[Q HS]ZDH CKLO ZTL[DQ RHCEG ]UF PE HIH L]UF L]D]N
HNU FU UHQO HSQU LSD PLOLE[
DW G [U EJ ]HSHQQ LSLF KE RHDIUH GH[L OG KWQ ]ZJ FHU GC[H FT FJ [IULJC ]HD UU
D L Z VF
GFHGL KDQ CHG [LCLO RLSQ GZ GI COD PE G[HCNO DHEO HO GLG CO [LCLO RLSQ LNH
GUDE RGN GLG TJSWO RLSQH "GSQ ZOJD FUOEG X[CD GOJS >GFHGL RD X[W RD RH[YJ RD DHE@
"RHUQH GFHGL ]HOJSQ Z[ HLG PLSGNG ]HUZ[Z COGH VTHLQ PL[WC [GD
PLQLG L[DFD GSQQ [LNQ ]D OC CD [LCL O HDT RH[YJ L[G C[QEO GZHG CO FDO GI PSQC
FU GID GI CHDO PLKD H[TCS CO RLLFUH@ GQC HC GLDC FYQ VTHL KDO ]D G]LG HQC TJSW RNH
COH PGO HLG HOC ]HOJS ZHTWGQ UQQ C[QEG GZQ RNOH >GQ[ FL U X[CO P]TLSN
[WTD TWFS GQD RLLUH FDC[ LWU PGL]HDCQ CO PC PZOJD PSLC HOCN ]HOJS PGO RLSQH PGL]HDCQ
GF LQH[Q UUH TH]G ]LHZ ]Y[H]Q GID C [U [JC PLLJG WS
GFHGLD FOHS DHE UQQ DHE [JC TJHLQ COH G S Q R D [LCL G[H]D LH[Z CHG GQQ FHUH
>HSZI RH[YJN@ GC PQ HO CSH GSQD [LNQ ]JWQD ZDFLO MOG HFDO [LCL HOLCH P [CSH
PLDHK M[FD LWU PQ OU HC[ZSH
X[CG LCDQ TJSLWH RGL[EQH PL[U EL R[GC LSDO HS]S COGH TJSLWO RLSQ C[QEG ]LHZ OU GZG CLZ [G@
RLSQ LNH [IUOCO GLG CO HGQ RN PC HL]HDC ]OJS PHZQ GSLC PL[WC [GD GOJS HO RLSQ CLHZG PCH "GOJS OKSH GLG
RQH GOHFE GSHGND GOLD QL L[GH PQHZQD [F CQ]TQ PL[WC LSD PU R]J]S [IUOC PHQ [QHO L MC "P [IUOCO
[FTD DH]NN LHOG LCLS CLS H]HLG FDOQ GC[SH@ ]DO PHZQH GOJS P HO G]LG [D]TQ RN OU CYL CO FZQG
LSD OU GSHQQ HLJC [Q]LC PN UHGLD DH]NN PL[WC [GD PQHZQ L]GZG LSD ][QQ OU GSHQQG CHG GLG [DFQD
> PLDHK M[FD >CS [FTD DH]NN L[[QH RH[E
CL