GNI PC ODC HLSDO D]N PLTNS P]HCQ COC GOJQ CO CLEHTG OND [WQ PD[ LSZ [FG
]Z]H CLG MNO LN OON GOJQ CO CQ CL[DD ZWTG [WQ GI LWOH PGQ GDHE PL[JC PLTNSD
GDEC PGQH PLTNS GSZL [WC COG G]U HTLUNGO LO GQ GDOD ][QHC COC ]OJHQ LSWQ CO
[[DHG GSZ CO RHLNH PL[JC PLTNS GSZL GJSGD GLHU CL[DD G]OLJQ HI M[FD HC@ L]DH]N
>GQ[ GOJQ CO HI ]UF OU CLG ]HUKD GOLJQ
[HWQ RNH HZL] D [DFG [CS CL[DD L[G U[Q DLND MHQTD PLUQG FLQUGO ML[Y GI LWOH
]S]Q COGH GLDC G[L ]DG G]QN LSG GUQD PD[G D]N GQ [CDO ML[Y ILWOH GQ[DH PD[D
PHLGQ F U[Q DLN ]S]QD [QHO LH "]DG G]NI CO POHUQ DCG LLJD ]DG G]Q RHLNH ]QN COC GOJ GSLC U[Q DLN
PLSLSU XDHZ G]LQ [JCOH
RN PE PCG CD[ ZW]TS CL[DDH G]DH]N ON OU GOJQ U[Q DLND [WQ CEQ RD L[G POHCH
G[HDT LN PL[JC PLTNSQ CO ODC HLSDO R]S PLTNS P]HCQ COC GOJQ CO CQ HC L[QEO GOJQ
RHLN COZ CO LQ LSZ [FG HOLC MHQTD CSGN D[ [QC GQ HGIH GDE] PGQH PLTNS GSZL
GDHEH G]ZIJ OU G]DH]N PLFLQUQ RN OU GOJQ G[H[D GJNHG HSO RLCH ZWTG KWS CO CL[DD
PL[JC PLTNSQ
E O Z VF
CZ GHGF CHGGF ][QCZ CG LN CQOF DDL[N GNOG CQLC GZH[D RD RSJHL LD[N MO C[LDT LC
LHC[ PCF GOU RO ][QCH "RCQO COC HGO [QCH "CLSOWO CQOF RCQO GLTNS GLO H[QCH DLN
LN DDL[N GNOG P]T ][QC CO MNOH GS]Q PHQ ROKHS HCO PCH GH[L PHQ ROKHS H[HLO
L[ GS]Q RHO COH GH[L RHO HI RLC [HDT L]LLGH GOLUHQ RCQO COC RHO UFHL L]LLG CO IC
GQ[ FLD QNH CEQ RD
PDQ[G RN ON CO RSD[F GS]QD HLTNSQ ]LSHIS H]SQOC ][QC C]LL[HCF GH[LD C]G
R]S HOCH PLTNSG HDLLJ]S H]]LQD L[G U[Q DLN ]S]QQ ]SHILS GSQOC PUKG [CD KJ GLNI
DLN ]S]Q HOLCH G]LQ [QE PU OJ ]HSDGH GCG RHIQ DHLJ [QHON G]LQ [JCO COC HSZL CO PGO
H[W]L MN HL[DFOH GS]QO ]HSHIQG DHLJ PFHZ MNO IOZ ROGO CD[ L[DFN G]LQ [JCO COC GSLC U[Q
PHQ PUKG [WO G]C ML[YH HLTNSQ ]SHILS H]SQOC ][QC C]L[HCF GH[L C]G C[QEG L[DF
DLN ]S]Q RN PC G]LQ [JCO Z[ GOJ PL[HLG ]H[LO PFZH G]LQ [QE PU OJ GCG RHIQ DHLJ
GO PFHZ GCG RHIQ LCFH G]LQ [JCO COC GSLC CLG PE RSD[F U[Q
KT ]HDH]ND H[QC HQN GSQOCG ]HSHIQO PLCLYHQ RLC PL[HLG PH[NQ PLTNS PE COG GI PUK OU GZG RDQ[G
PUKN Z[ G[HQC PDQ[G D]N GQLFZ ][DT GC[SH "PLFDUHQ PLTNSQ PLCLYHQ RLC GCG GQFZ [CN PE L[G
PUK GI RLC ODC ]QFHZ CLG LSWQ GSQQ GDE] GSQOCG C]L[HCF GH[LO U[Q DLN ]S]Q PLQNJ HHG MNO GSZ]O
GSZ ]HC GQ[G RHOD ZFZFO L RNH HQYUO FQHUG
C]L[HCF GH[LN G]LQ [QE [JCO GOJ U[Q DLN ]S]Q IOZ ROGO H]KLO GID MOHG CD[ UQQ PDQ[G H[LWOH
P L[IU LDC [WTD PDQ[G L[DF [HCDD UUH GDHE GSQOCG RLC GDGC [D CFC D[ ][DTN [HDTL LLDC ODC
CU
]UF VTHL
MNOG G]LQ [QE [JC GS]QG PU ]JC ]DD OJ GSQOCG ]HSHIQ DHLJ [CHDQ VL[G L[DFQ POHCH
DLN ]S]Q OU GWLFU ]HSHIQG ]SZ] UHFQ HL[DFO H[LW ML[YH G][DJO HGLLSLQ CFJ LJF CO
DHLJ CD RHLN PL[HL LTNSQ ]SHILS FYLN RN PCH RG OUDG LDHLJQ GSQOCG ]HSHIQH OLCHG COC "U[Q
LTNSQ ]LSHILS GSQOCG CG] C[ZLUQ PLQNJ HSZ] MN MJ[N OU COC "GH[LG PU FJLD GI
GSQOCG HLFJL PL[DFG LS PLCD LWUC RSD[F GH[L RN ON RN PCH RLF ]LD LCS]Q PLQH]L
GLNI L[IU LDC DS[ JGHYZD UUH RDQ[D PL[DFG [ZLUH FZT EZ PLCHOQ LSDC LWU U[Q DLN ]S]QQ ]LSHILS
KJ
E QHJ CJ RHLYO [HC ]H FKL PL[HCDH PLHFJ CT LL ]LD [WTD UU
PD[ [W GSLJC G]UD G LSC GLOU L[Z [QLQO CD[F GLQZ LOLU D[ [DT DU
PLN[YS PLZLFYG ]UD LN RLFD MFL OU GOZ] GCD CO POHUQ MD LSC UFHL HO [QC CD[
GC[HGD ONL] CO LFN PLQG RQ G]U MOYC L]SQFIS RCN VCH PGO GCLYQQ GDZG GUHLO
]LU CO RHLN HDLO MO RLCH GUQ GU] CO HSQID MLOC LSJO PG FL[G LZTWD [HYLZDH@
> GUQ
]QCG ZQHU LWN H]LQCO ]QC RLF RHFO ]FJHLQ CLQF C]ULLT HOYC G]LG PLQUW GQN HQYU CD[ OYC GI RLSUN HSLYQH
PL[FSD CD[F CLSZ F GUQD RHEN G]LQCO ]QCO UOHZ RLFG GLG CO PLOESG PLOONG LWO ZTHW GLG HOLC PEG ZFYGH
PLQG RQ HOEOEH RHQQ DLLJ GLG ]QCDH [KWSH UDS GLG RLFG RQH ONG [WHN RLFOUDG GLG GN
OC ]FUD DYS PLZOC MNO GNHI LQO C]ULT COC PFCG FLD HSLC GI [DFH [HCO ]QCG CY]
HC COC G[HQF RSD[Q CD[HY L]C CO H[QC GQ LWON CQHL TG LKHZO JHOG LQ [WTD C]LC RNH
CSLQCZ C]NOGF CDLOC C]UQ LZHTC "LZZJQ
b GFHGL [QCS GFHGL CNLCGH [NLQ HC LHOQ
G[H]L[DF ]EGSG OU G[HQ GNOGG RLSU Z[ ]QCG OC RLHNQ HSLC GFHGL OU [QHO GOLOJ HSLLG
RUHK GLG ]QCD CD[F CLSZF GUQDH [HKW CHG GNOGG ZTW ONG [WHN RHEN GIG POHUD
GLG GFHGL KDQ CD[ GLG GC[SG LWO MC G[H] RLF WU [KWS GLG C]NOGF CDLOC VC [Z
CO ODC ]QC RLF RF OU [YLQ GLGH DLLJ OND [WHNG GI CHG H]LQCO ]QC RLFG LE[QH JL[Q
PE ]QC RLF RFH C]NOGF CDLOC C]]UQ GLO ZLTCH CLSZG [DS CLQQ GLO LU]TLCH H]QCO
C[QED [CHDQF GUQN ]QC RLF RHFL CO MC H]LQCO RHHNL LN MWGO PE CYQS PLQUWOH H ] L Q C O
CSHUK [TLQO C]U LCGF C]OLQ LCOEC VHTO "CLG PLOUDD GULW CGH C D [ O HO HOC IY QDD
HO ULHQ LG GFHGL KDD CYQS RLSUG GIH OLIC CZ
HSLLG GQH[Q RLF LZHWCO GDZGO V]H GUS H]LQCO ]QC RLF RF RLLF ON C[QEG H[W GIH
DD FHF RD [HC GOE]L FL]UO GFHGL LSC ODC OSN MWGO HC H]LQCO CO ODC ]QC RLFG HOLWC
PLKWH ][W CJD P L HOOG PL[DFNH GQH[Q RLFO ]HCLYQ PH HOYC GLGL COH RLCFH J[HQ GLGL
RGNG Y[G HFLQO] OYC GI RLSU [CHDQ RNH G[H] RLFN PLSF PEG PHNU ]HCN[U OYC RHFO [HTC PUKG GI [CD PH
I GC[ ZLFY L[W H[WTD OYI RLODHOQ
G[HG GQD ZFY C]OLQ LCOEC VHTDO VLTNC H HLOU HZGH GNOG ZTW C D [ OYC ]HQHZQ GQND HSLYQ CLDG RNH
ZOJ Z[WD RLCFH J[HQ JLQF C[QLQG OUD CHG CD[H IYH CW QDH KN RLKE U
LJL GC[HG G[HQ CG] IC PLUD[C OLEO ULE]N GI H[LWO CDKL[G HTOZH [W OCSSJ HSD[
PLOHFEG FJCN GQNJ GU G]HCD ]LG MO
DU
EOZ VF C[]D CDD
]SQN G[H]DH GQNJD PFCG ]HJ]W]GD ]LLQJG ]UG [QHON G ] U D G]UD D [DFG IQH[QH
VHF[O PL[U RDH GWHJO JL RD FHQO]O HK RD ]HHYQO EL RD GSQO [U RD C[ZQO QJ RD ]HDC
HO [QC HGIH GNOGN ]H[HGOH [DF MH]Q [DF RLDGO L[WH GSLDO PLUD[C RD ]UFH G[H]O RLSU PSLC
UFLHGL RD ]HCLN G[HQ ]HLGO MD[ZD CD] GQNJOH GSLDO GSLJC G ]U D
FZGO GCSHC L ]HUFG LWO KHLFGO H][LTQN GHDEO H][LQCF ]C GLQLLL] COH
GSHZ FZG MND GQ ]HZGO RLC >GCSHC L ONG L[DFO FJO PHZQ GLG KHLFGG GSC]SNH@
GUHFL ]LOE[QG ]QH RLC RHLN [HIJO ONHL CO UHFQ [NHQG GSC]S RHLN ODC FHJO G[LQCD
EGHS RLC GI RHENDH GSZQH [QE RWHC OND PLJLSQ HSC MNO G[LJQ OON UFHL HSLC HQYU [NHQG VCH
HT GQO ]JSQ LWU JZQ [CD PE GCSHC RLF
]CSHCD JZQ OHKLD L [QCF RCQO@ OHOLJG OKD G[H] RLFQ PSQC D]N IS VFO N PLKHZO LC RHIJDH
RLC ]H] ]CSHCD RCN [DHFQ [WC HC UHD]O OHNL HSLC RSD[FQ ODC >FZGD ]H]Q []L
OOJQG GSC]SD P TH]D UQQ RN [QHO L HC C[G PD IS QD ]YDHZQ GKLD CDHQ RN FZGD ][IHJ
PL[HU XDHZ UU [IHJ HSLCH KHLFGO H][LTQN GHDEO H][LQC G[H]GQ PL[QHC
KN PL[FS C[G H[LWD CHG RNH [Q] ML]W CYHQ Q FQOS KHLFGO H][LTQN GHDEO H][LQC RLF PD[ L[DF OU@
CYHQ OU [GIHQ JS RD RLC DZT C PLCHOQ LSDC L[DF [HCD ` DD IU DZUL ]HOGZ U PH RCN LDY [G UH
RLFG RLDH G[GICG RLD ZOJO L FJC C[ZQQ FQOS ONG LWUCH GHDEO G[LQC RLFQ DHLJ HD L ODC [Q] ML]W
>^PL[NS PE OOHNH C[DEO MLL HSLC GI RLF RLSZ GHU GHDEO G[LQC
GQNQ GC[G LQ L CNLO ]L CNLC UD GLO L[QC L[SLFF C]CLOU L[TLO]D GHQ
H[QC GQ PE GI LWOH CQIHE COC CHG CZHF HCOH LHDL[ OU ]H[HGO CD [U GO [WTQ ]HQHZQ
HD]NH HFQU GI LWOH@ []HL COH HSLFLD L PHNTG DH[ [QHO GSHHNG COC CZHF HCO UD H
TH]UH PLLJ ][H] LWU >CHG CQOUD CQIHE COG LN FZG O ]HSHDJG UFLO HSLC
RQ [WT PLD]HN HLG PL[QHC LH PGL]HSHDJ TZSWD RN HD]N PL[QHC L HD]NH HFQU
C]LCFN PFC LSD PLHU PLDHK PLUQ ]H[HFO [LNIGO LHC[ LN PLLFZQO [NI CGL LFN ]HFZGG
h RDHC[ UQLH FO GD[ C[ZLH [FQD
CDKL[ PFLQ HGOYLH
GSLQ UQQO CNLO CGQ COC UD CLYHG HSDH ]JC TLSNG [IUHL RD VTHL L[QCF CNLCH
ZQKLD UUH KEQ GJ JHC GQ ]H[ECD PD[ L[DF [HCDD ]HNL[CD U
PLSH[JC PLZTHWQ PLKHZO C]STJC L[HDLU LD LHGL] CO
LQO PLTNS [LDUGO PLQNJ H[TC [HTLCG ES ]HDH]ND CLEHTGQ JLNHGO D]N CSZ QHJ [WHTP]JG
]CI H]JNHGD RHHLN PSQCH RCN PD[G L[DFNH PLTNSGQ ]YZQ ][DUG HOLWC OOHN H[HL HSLC
]YZQD RHCE PD IQZ EJ XD]G ]UF MC IK[ FJ LHOG KDD HCLDG JYZ]] E[HDSKH[Q P[GQO
FHUH RCN L[LCQD UQQ RNH GI [HTLC RLC PLTNS
EU
]UF VTHL
OUH PLTNS ]YZQD ][]HQG GHYQ [DFH GZFY ]SL]S RLD ZOJO CDW[ QHJ GDH] LJ]WD X[L] [DNH
GQ ]H[EC ]HD PE PLNTG GI XH[L]O ]YZQD HOLWC [HTC ]HSL]S [C RLDH XD]D [DLF MN
>GOJS [LDUGO H]SHHN RLCN@ GHYQ ][KQO GOJS ][DUGD [HTLC RLC G[DTD ML[CGH S DJ QHJ
GH[L RLF PGD PLLZO > DHJ [DF @ M[U LOUD PLTNS [LCQ RWHCD PLSW ON OU
GJHS PLQNJ JH[ RLC HS]SQD [QCS CO GIDH RLFG RQ [HTLC RLC PLTNS ]YZQ ][DUGD PLY[]Q LH
[HZQ HS]SQD HT[E PLSHC[ GQNQ GC[S RNH GID VC L C[QHJH ]HFLTJ ]FLQQ Z[H HSQLG
PG PLUQ ]HDH]N ]DL]ND COC RN H[FE CO FHU [WCH PL[JCO HLTNS O N D]HNG RLFG
IHCD U DH]N [HKUG OUD PDH FHUH P LHOG KD LWU PLSDG ]HLHNI ON ]OLOO JG DH[ZH PHL OND
DHKO [HNI PL[LUOH PLLSUO GS]QD R]SH [LL ODC PGO [LL CO CZHFH HLSD CZHF C[D]TQH
HLSWO GCD PLTNS ]YZQ ][DUG O GOCD ]H[HGOH XULO PFCO []HQ RLFG RQ P D]N RNOH
G[LDU [DFO ULLTQ PHQ GID RLCH
CLD C[DQ HOLWC H[TC CO FHUH S DJ QHJ GQ ]H[EC EQ QHJ ZL P[GQ ]H PLZTHW HD]N FHU
HSLC HC ]HHYQD ]YZ OIOIQH RHEG HSLC RDQ COC GLSLQ ZLWS CU[I LCQ GULFL COF CDK C[DO
M[FD HLSD MSJQ HSLC PE GQHFNH ]D OOJQH T[HZLWC RDD ODC HL]HFLQD ]JHQ VCH L[THQ PFC
PLQNJ JH[ VCH []HQH DKHQO [HIJL HU[I LHYQ HSLC KHULQO HJO ML[Y RLC GHYQGH G[H]G
][JC G[KQO HC ]HHYQH G[H] [QH RDO H]OJS [LDUGO QECG RHO DHKO [HNIH HSQLG GJHS
TH]G LOUD ]LHZ DLLO D]NH@ GI OND OWOWH MN OU GUQO OCS IY CJ PL[LQ DDHF ]HDH
RNOH GI OOND HLG PLEOLWG LSD ZJYLO HO [C ON ]C R]LH ZHTWG OU G[ LLJ ][W PLSZI ]UF
H]OJS ON [LDUGO FL]UO PLQNJG ]HSZ] OU PE G[H]G ON OU [Q HSLDC PG[DC J CO
L]CDH L]C THQNG PUKQ GID L]UF ]HJ ULDGO LSHY[ RLC CSLFO D]NH PLFZG ]CI ON PU >ZJYLO
OWOWO MC
ON GOJS ][DUG O PLQNJ [HTLC OOND GSLC GHYQH GZFY ]SL]S PLSH[JCGQ GQN ]UF PHNLT
L[HQG [LCGH HLSWO CD GUQD D]N QECD@ C]L[HCF GH[L HD PLLHZ] DHJ [DF [LCQ
[HTLCG OOND CLG PLTNSG RQ ZOJ ][DUG PC [H[D CO OONDH >DHJ PHNT LCFH HGI [OHF VOC
HO L CF RHEND PSLSU ][FTG OU PLOCHO ]H[HGOH XULO MQHTGH PLSHQFZG ]HKLD [DFG LHO]H
MHQTO GQ OU
[]HQ GN[FD HLSD ]C MSJQ HSLCH G[H]G M[FD MOHG HSLC RDQ GOJS [LDUGO RNH
ES ]HDH]N LWU PLSHC[
[JDHQ U[I CYL PGQ LQQ UFHL MSLC CDK C[DO CLD C[DQ HOLWCH
F O Z VF
]HC[W[W KWD ]H[UGH PL[HCD
LQOH[LG LWU [LDTG JQ PL[FSD R[G GS]Q GSLC ]FHZQ GLFZG PC GSLC GS]Q ON
CLG HIN PHON GSLC GS]Q ON > ]FHZQ GSLC GLFZG PC GS]Q ON H[QC CO@ RHOG [W
FU