FJCH FJC ON COC UFHSN PL[E ]SHN ]HUO [WC LC POHCH H]SLWTO PTLSNGH PTW] MNH
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GIIG HO ]HUOH HQHZQQ HULTGO [WC ICH CFH[LWF CQOU GLG HQOHU ONH PGQ F[WS
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POHU O HNOQ LSWO L[QEO USNGO PLOHNL PSLC P[WU PU UEQD PLCDH PL[NIS [CNH PYUD
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PC ZWTG RCN ODC PLOHZ ]HZWTG LSN Z[ HGI CZWT ZWTD RHQQ PLCLYHQ ]HUFG LWO PE [QHO PHZQ L G[HCNO
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OHZ ZWT COC RCN RLC FOHG FYQ LWUC MNOG [HND HSLCH [NI GFOL CQH [NI GFOL CO CQ
HSC HGF ON GU[NGD OHZ ZWTG ON PCG FYQ RHLFG ]H[WC PHQ []LGG FYO UL[NGO L
COHZO HSLF G[H]G RQ C]L[HCF ZWT PDQ[G ]KLO K[WDH H]HC PLUL[NQ
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[JC VHED ZWTO GI VHED ZWTG ]C PLW[YQ RLC DLLJO CZWT
Z[ RHNS GI POHCH GOK H]HCD DH ]HFWO OHNL LN CHG CZHF HCO [G D]NH HQYUO PLCOK LS L[WQ D]N L[
CKL[GQ PL[WQG HD]N LWN HD ]HFWOH [HIJO [WC LC L[ ]UFO GC[S ODC GFHWH GF F P] HSD[ ]KLO
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RGNO R]L CO UHFQ RLLUO L HQYUO VTHS GOK L[WQ RGNO R]HS GOKG FDOQ TH]G HD]N GDZSH PL[NI LSD POHCH
ZWTG LSWQ [WHQG GOK UHFQH ]HZWT GQN GOK H]HCD GFHW TH]G ]KLO COGH ZWTG LSWQ HQYUO L[WG GOK H]HC
GTLW] HI L[GH ZWTG [HDU HSTW]L RGNG GI RWHCD PHQ LOHCH "LCFH JKW [HDU RGNO HS]LOH DH HD ]HFWO [WC LC
F OLUO UU UYH H QD TH]H ROGO C[U HFLQ RLCLYHQ RLC ]H[D
PYQYO [WC [QCG LOLOEG LTHL LD[ LCF LOLOEG LTHL LD[N COF GLQ[L [ [QC CS] RCQ
L[WGOH HI ]H[WCO HJO LH ]JCN PLS HCYL ]H[WC L EGL[ LWO PLQNJH EGL[ ]ZHOJQ [WO GC[S G[HCNO
H[DJO PFZ PGQ FJC FLQ] JLSGO L LN HIN ]H[WCO PLHJ RLC POHUO PLQNJOH HQYUO VTHS GOK
PCH HSO GC[SG [JC MOLO L EGL[O COC HIN ]H[WC L PLQNJ LWO PE HD]N JN RLOHJDH IL ROGO TH]G POHCH
PGL[DFO PE POHCH ZWT COC LCFH GI RLC RN HSO GC[SN PE PLQNJOH ]JCN ]QCD HCYL PLSF HSC HLFJL HCYL PHSLC[
]JCN HCYL L]LQC FY L
RN PCH PL[NI LS [LFD CYQ COC ]JCN HCYL HSLC[ [DHFQ RLC RCN COG HS]LEHTQ IL CZU[EG GQ] GI H[LW OU
HIG ]H[WCGH ]JCN HCYL ]QCD CQ ZW]TGO HSO L EGL[O HQN RSD[O COG RSD[H EGL[ ]ZHOJQD [DFG HO] UHFQ
EUY D [CSH >PLQNJOH EGL[O PLGI HI ]H[WCO PLLHNLTG COGH@ EGL[O ]QLLZ PN PLQNJO ]QLLZ
HJO L RN OUH PLDLLJ PGLS ]JCN HCYLN EGL[O COC PGLS LWO ]QLLZ HI ]H[WC PSQC H]LHZ L]SDG COH
HOLCH > TH]G NHQN HQYUO L[WQ FTWG HO RLC RHLN [LQJGO L ZHJ[ J CHG LN VCH@ C[QHJO HI ]H[WCO
PE RHLN PUK ML[Y CWHE GI ]CH PL[NIG Q ]HD[O PL[HF PSLC L[G PGLS ]C [HKW] COG HI ]H[WC PLQNJO
PLOHNL HSC RLC POHUO RHLN RN H[FO PGO [D]TQ RLC OL DLLJO DH]NGQ H[FS CO UHFQ ]JCN HFOHS FY L PLQNJO
CD CO ZWT RLSUO CSLFO C]HZWS GD L LWUCH HSLSWO CD PLHTQ LUQ G[ZQ OU G[F GSLCH GI [DF OU FHQUO
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HSLC ]JC ]DD HOLWC GI [JC GID HSLC ON PHQ RCN RHFO RLC UHFQ TH]G L[DF [HCDD
]JCN RGLC[ LS HCYL
Q CJ LNF[Q ]N[D GN ]H[UG XDHZ RCN [LCQ ]LDH CZU[EG LHFJ P OCHQ [ L[HUL W RLHFZ FL[ TH] U
JU ]HJSQH KT PL[FS ]UF VTHLD CDHQD UUH
GIG DH]NGH ]HLG CHG KWG ZQHU GD GFW] [HQJ [KWH [QCS HQYUO FJC GOK L[WQ
G]LG GHYQG L[G RHLFWD GUL GQ [HW COH PLSGN HFZ]S CO RLLFUH RNQG PZHG P[KD [QCS
D[Z HC FZG GLG PFC [HND RHLFWH@ RGNO R]LS GLG COH >[HTLCG RQ HCLYHGO@ HQYUO G L[WGO
ELEL CD GQNJ MQ >JDIQ LDEO
GQNJMQG [HCD PU DKLG PLQCH] HL[DF L C[D U POHCH LCZ CL[CF HD]N FL[H L[
HO
K VF ]H[HND
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]SZTQ CLG RN C[G L[DFQ UQQ XYHJ HSLC HSLQD RLQ D[ [QC "CNLC CGLQ GYLYJ
GYLYJ HI L[G HSLQ HSLC PJ[G ]YZQD HOLWC ZLTWQG [DF L PCH FZQ PJ[G ON GNOGG
UQQ PJ[ ON [KW DL]NGF CLHZ COC PL[DF [H[LD HSLC L[DTZ CQLO ]OC L[ RHOQ ]YZ ZLLFO L RNH
FZQ PJ[G ON GKHWG GJSGG CLG RN
GI RLSUO GQGD [HNDO PFC [HND HHG FHUH HN DCHL ]ZOJ FYCY FHL [IS LSDC U PLSH[JCG RQ L
HSLD GYLYJ ]HHGQ H]FLOD FHOLG C[D ]HTWH]G PLLJZOQG ]HWN CQ PLLJZOQ ]FLO RLSUD HSFH
RLSUO U RLOHJD C[QEG ]HZWTN GYLYJ PLHGQ PSLC PLJZOQG CQ HC RHLFW RHUK HSLCH PJ[G RLDH
GYLYJ HI PCG DHLNH ]LOKD HC DLTD HN[N
PLSHC[G ON MNQ H]UF UYH IHY LTD UH FNZ EJ FHL GQ ]H[EC OYI RLKSLLW Q[EG POHCH
[DFD L PUK PEH GYLYJ RLF HD RLC GC[S PFC [HNDD GYLYJ RLSU H[LNIG CO PLSH[JCG LOHFEH
PHL PLO [JCO H]HFWO DLHJQ HLDC COC HWHEO PLUEHSG ]HNOGH PLSLF PH RLC PFC [HNDD LWO
H]CLYLD PJ[D UEL ML[Y GQGD [HNDQ HFQOO HSO RLC [D]TQ MNOG
DH]NG RQ H[HZQ LCFH GC[SH GKHW GJSGN C[QED CDHQ [HNDD GYLYJ RLF COG UYH GN[DD H]HFWO L P UQQ
C[QED G[NIS CO G[DT LWU DH]NG ]HUQQ ULZWGO RLSQH RN [QCS PFCD PE L[GH H[KW PJ[G [QHON PJ[ [KW
GLG HOLCH [HQCN PJ[ [KW DL]N L[G MG HSLLGF ]HKWD HJLSG PHQ OL PLSH[JCH PLSHC[ [DFG H[LNIG CO GQH
HI G[DT HSFQOO [DFG [WO PGO GLG COG ZHOJ RLFG RHLN H[LNIG CO MWGO
ONQ UQQH PL[JC PLQUKQ MC GN[DD H]HFWO ][NISG GC[HGN PE H]UF DO DJ PL[LQ DDHF ]HD RLLYO L
GQGD[HND RLFN PFC[HNDD GYLYJ RLF L ]HKLWD KZS HL[DF
COD ]HFWO L G[HGH GI RLSUO PLH PFC [HNDH GQGD [HND RLF GC[S HKHWD D]N HE PL[HCDH PLHFJ [WTD RNH
[WC LC RHLN MC DLLJO CZWT ZWT RCN L PEG M[DO RLC D]N UH@ PLJZOQ ]FLOD FOHSG [HNDG ]C GN[D
RLSUO CZWT ZWT RLSUD FHU RHLFWG OU M[DO RLC DH MNOG DH[G [JC RHQQD PLNOHG RLCH GUQG PHQ ]HFWO HDLLJO
]HYZ FC OCHL L[DF EO JL DJ PL[LQ DDHF HK[ LTHT DSQ HF ]HN[D QJO J[WDH KW] JHC U GN[D DHLJ
>KDL CJ [QHC ULDL JOZT H LT PH EZT GFDD I RJOG
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HQYUO L[WQ MNO [QHO RLCH GSLQ GL[HTLCO LUHZWCO "LH[WCO LO GQO CHG HQYUOF RHLNH
PHZQDH RGNO GSL]SG OLDD COC GSLC G[ZLU ON GLFWG ]HYQ LN GD GLFW ]HYQ PLLZO LFN
]QJ L[WQ HSLC ZWTD PFC [HNDD HQNH HQYUO DNUOH ]HFWO MLL RLC OUHWD GSL]S RLF RLC
DLYSG LHFJDH IG [L L[UD D]N RNH [LCQ ]LD LHFJ GLFWQ [HKW COC HQYUO PLOZ
CL ROGO H[QC [HQJ[KW RHLFWD HOLCH RGNG ]ODZD LHO] RHLFWG ]HOJ LCFH P PFC[HNDO H]CHHG OU [LUGO L
ZOHJ [ [D]TQ COH >RLFG FHTLD GIQ GI GQG PLZHOJ DIL CHIJG [CD LWNH@ RGN ]H[D GLO PZ L[WGN FLQ
IQ ROGO UU CJ PL[HCDH PLHFJD NNH [F CDLOC L[WGO GDLT RLC GSL]S RLC ON [D]TQ PHZQ ONQH MN OU
WH C[G ]UFO PFC [HNDD GSL]S COO G[WG HSLYQ PLQLHTQ PLSWHCD
]HC[ZQG ]HUQQN RGNG ]H[Q [HNDG CLYHGO LFN GSLSU GLFWG ]HYQ [JC RHSETD
HSZ] RNOH@ [HQJ RHLFWO G RNH PLUOT GQJ HSHLFW JZL R[GCO GDZG GHYH RGNG O [HNDG
MNLWO >RGNO MLL RDG HOLCN H]HFWO HC MSD LO R]LO LWK ]LUD LCQ [QHO RHLFWG [FTD PLSHCEG
[NI UUH DH PL[HCDH PLHFJD HI C[DTD U ]QC ]W GLFW ]NLL RLC RGNO ]LSHQQ ]HNI RLC PHZQ OND
J[Z WD
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RGNO HS]HS RLC ZWTQ PN
GCD GWL[U ]HYQ LSWQ [QHO L "ZWTD HW[UO HSLC UHFQH [LQJGO [HTLC ZWT LW OU VCH
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[IULJC IG [L L[U [LCQ ]LD LHFJ [ LWU GWL[UG RQ PE [HKW GLFW ]HYQQ [HKW RCN MNOG
HL[DF OU HGQ] PLSH[JCGQH [JC RWHCD D]N CKL[GQH DLYSG LHFJ KN CJ
GU ]HYQ GWL[UG RLC D]N FDC[G CDL PL[HND FDC[GH PDQ[G ]ZHOJQD HI GJSG GO] LQ L
GU]HYQN GWL[UG ]C GSQ PDQ[G HOLCH ][NISG G[DTN GFW CO OU TSZ COC GQYU LSWD
DJ LHOG KDD FFY RNH F[EHSLH L[EG LHFJ G[H] O ]HHYQ [CN ZWTD VH[UO DLHJQ H]KLOH ]F[WS
CL ]HHYQG T[KSHZD GJD UUH FUZ
GFWL PCH@ GWL[U DLLJ [HQJ [KW ZWT GNOGO IKDL PDQ[G ]UFD [CD IG [L L[U [WTD RNH
PL[DFG V[H]H RHUQ [H GFHGL [ ]ZHOJQD GLHO] GQYU HI GOC [LWH >GWL[U DHLJQ [KWLL
RHLFWG RLSU RN PC CYQS [HTLC L ZWTD PE COGH [HTLCG ]C ULZWQ RHLFWG GFHGL LD[ ]UFO
GFW] CO PC OOND CHG L[G GWL[U ]HYQ PE ]NLL COLQQH OUHWD RGNO GSL]S RLC [CN PE MLL
ZWTD PLLZ HSLC CFL[E LSHQQ CHG RHLFWG RLSU ON [O HOLCH H]W[UH
ROGO C[QED H[QC GQQ RHUQ LD[O WNU GWL[UQ [HKW ZWT JLNHGO GC[SH EN MHSLJ ]JSQD D]N PL[DFG L[ZLUN
L COG GWL[UD DLHJQ ZWTQ PCH ]LULD ]QGDD H]HFWO []HQ PC ZW]TGO MLL RLC RHUQ LD[O JKW ZWTD DL
PHQ G[HTC ZWT ]LFW CQ HZW]TS GFHGL LD[O PN G[HJT PHQ GWL[U LFLQ HULZWGO H]HFWO RLC CQ ZW]TGO
H[HTLCQ HULZWQ LSWQ G[HJT
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[KWLGO GSLSU ON COC ]LDHLJ GHYQ GWL[UG RLC PDQ[GO PE PHQ PC FHUH GF LQH[Q DH]NG
FIL CHIJ LWU GWL[U RLC GLFW ]HYQ RLCNH GLFW ]HYQQ
RHUQ LD[ ]UFO GC[S [L]Q RHUQ LD[H GCSGD [HTC [HQJ [KW CLS]F CLG GFHGL [ LSQ
PHL ONH PHL OND CHG RHLFWG ]HYQ RQI >CFL[E GSHGN ]HS]QN CHG L[GH@ [HTLC ULZWQ HSLC RHLFWG
OD [DFD RLC C[QED UQQ EL ROGO MC@ [JC] ODD [DHU [WCH GU D [DHU HGFHW HSLC
H[NQ HC ][JC M[FD HE[G ODC H]HHYQN HW[HUN CZHFH RHLFWG ]HYQQ [KWS HW[HUNH >[JC]
DIL CHIJ LWU GU OKLD L[NSO
OHNL PCG HQYUO GOK L[WQ ZWTG PHZQD RLLUO L GCSGG [HTLC ULZWQ RHLFWG GFHGL LD[OH
]C ULZWGO GHHYQ [QHO L LN ]HFWO H]HC PLDLLJQ CQ HC [HQJGQ GSGL COH RHLFWQ USQGO
RLC GI RWHCD DL GF LQH[Q DLYSG ]UFH FIL CHIJ LWU [DFD DLHJQ CHG ZWTQ L[GH H[HTLC
H[HTLCD [CLL GYH[ PC MNOG CFL[E [HTLC ][]G COC GHYQ PHLZ RHLFWG RLC RGNO RHLFWG R]HS
L[WGO ML[Y HSLC
GL[HTLCO LUHZWCO G[H] HLOU GFLWZG [DF MO L [QCZ LNGH HLHD CO RSL[QCZ LN
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HQNH ODLZ PLQFD G JZLO OHNL RGNG L[G RGLQF LO GQ RG LO GQ LN G O HLHHD HC GD HC
[QHO L MNOG [HTLC ULZWQ RHLFWG GSLQ UQ COC PLUOT GN PLUOT G O LHH RDG RHLFWD
U DIL CHIJ LWU GD DH]NG ][IE
JO
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JZHOG RHENH@ [HTC HOHN LQF JZHOG RQ OHKLO POHCH RKZ G LQFQ PLWFHUG PLQF OHKLOH H[NQO
LQF ]C POQ RHFLS []HQ [WC HOHN LQF POQ NLWUCH UFHL PC ODC GCSGD [HTC [HQJ [KW CHG UFHL HSLC
GCSGD [HTCG [HQJG LQFQ GSGS CYQS >VTHL ]LD U [ZL [LJQ LWO [WGG
L[G HD FZO HC H[NQO [HTC RWHC OND UQQH ZOLJ COH P]T MH[U RJOG RNH PDQ[G POHCH
O GI [HTLC POHCH PL[HTC HLQF PDQ[G D]N FDULFD PEH [HTLCG RQ GSGS GI HQLD CYQS
D]N RN FDULFD ]FHZQ GCSG L[HTLC LQFD GC FZQG HSLS L[G CHG RSD[FQ PLQFG
FZQG RNOH PL[JC OU CO ODC HQYU VLOJQG OU COC HSLC PLQFG [HTLC HD]N LH IKJ CNCQ PL[WCGSJQG
[DF DLQ DS RLHFZ OCHQ [ L[HUL GNE [L L[U HS RLHFZ L[LCQ U PGD ][]HQ GCG LN ]FHZQ RGLQFD
L ROGO UUH IS LTHT DJ
H]UFO UQQH ]HLC OGQ GWD U ]FHZQ [HQJ[KWD FLZ PC GI RLF KLQG PDQ[G RNC
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L ROGO C[QED ]HSHO L]DH ]HLEHTG ]ZHOJQD [DFG ]HO]O PLSH[JC HD]NH LSLD LSLDF [WG
D[ ]HGEGDH CNJN [LCQ ]LD CG ]HLC MOQG [U U HI GOCD ]HUFG HZOJS LQOH[LG RQ HCLDG RNH
RLD ZOJO D]N LQ LH DS RLHFZ OCHQ [ L[HUL ED GDLSE OICG RDC L ROGO DLYSG LHFJ E ]HC OLZS[W
KL[GQ U RQI [JCO GFZQ PC RLDH >PDQ[GH FL[GO@ ]FHZQ GSLC HLNUQ GFZQ PC
LICEOC
LQFD FZQH GKH[WGH R[WCD L PC GCSG L[HTLC OND FZO [WC [QHO HFFY RLC GF KN PLJTWD TH]G
C
H]HCDH []HQ CHG PLHTQ LHH HD L GCSGD [HTCG [DF CHG G]U LWUC [HQJ [KWD FZQO GQHF GI L[GH [WCG
]UN [DN Q]GO OHNL LHH
P CZHF [WCG LQFD FZO RLC RGLQFD GF DT IUD TH]D [CHDQ RNH [JC XH[L]D P TH]G HFFY GQ LWO PEH
>HD FZQ GID GCSG [HTLCD GSGS L[GH [HTLCN RHFLS XWJG ON G]U CYQS@ POHUD ]UN HSLCH ][JC ]HGQ CHG [WCG
CHIJ JN PLCHOLQ LSDCD IND U HD PLFZQ GLFWO FQHU PEH CHG ]HQN []HQ ]HLGO FL]U [HQJ [KW RN CO
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D
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H D IL CHIJ U [JCO G[LDUQ COC GHYQ OKDQ
LHFW H[DJ O JKW GFHWG CL H[QC HQNH H]HFWO HLOU OKHQ [CS DHLJG HGFHW HSLC OC[LO [NQ PC [WCH
RH[JC RH[JCG [Q [QCF [HTC GSHLFW LQS ]LULD "G[HTC CLGH []HQ GSHLFWF ]LULD L[GH
RLC ]LULDD H]JSG LWO PC FHUH "]LULDF GSQG UFL CO LNH GZQG ]UF RLDGO L [HTC
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HSLLG HD PLFHW [DFG LWUC [QCS HSC RCN VC P[HTLCD POHUO PL[CS PQYU ]H[LWG HOLCH
[HTC GFWSG [WC GCSGD []HQ GG
ULZWGO [HQE RHLFW HSLC CYQS RHLFWG [JC PE P[HTLCD PL[CS ]H[LWG ]LULDD LN ]LULDO GQHF HSLC COG UY RLLFUH
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HQYUD [TCGO COH RHC[G [HTLCG [L]GO LFN OHOLJ CGL [WC NHQN RHC[G [HTLCG ]C ULZWQ HSLC OHOLJ P L
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CHGH PFCG HQLH GCSG ][H]D GILIE H[LW [HQJ [HND IIHE G]C ODC MSCY [HND IE] CO
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COG G[DTD P]ZHOJQ FLQUG COHU UHFQ FHUH [HTCO GFHGL [N GNOGO PLKZHS HSC L[GH GCSGD
FHUH IIL LC RHIJ CNJN UGC [LCQ ]LD CKL[GQ U ]HC[ZQG ][FD HZOJS C]LL[DD [HWQ
GD RLC GILE OU C]LL[DG [W]] >C[]D CSOO FHELSD@ COHU LWO [W U CL ROGOH RCN CWDH
[CN [HTC GFHGL [O HOLCH [HTLCQ HI GILE KUQQ RHUQ [ > CN ]HNQO RDL[G H[LWD QNH@ GCSG
GCSGD [HTC QQH PLFZ [CDN GILE [HTLC RLCH ][KHW L[NS ]HW]H RO CQLLZ GNOGOH PLFZG
KC PL[HCDH PLHFJ [WTDH L ROGOH RCN DLYSG RNH GEN UUH EIL ]H[HND CHIJG [W GID CYHLNH
L VF
DLYSG D]N [HQJ [KWD RHUQ LD[ GFHQH LS]LO RHUQ LD[ L[ GWL[U [JCOF C]LC PCH
LD[O [HTC KJS HC ]Q PC MN GCSGD [HTC GWL[U [JCO PN RCNQ JLNHGO IS CJ [DF DLQ
GZ RLLFU [HTC GWL[U [JCO [QC] PC PE MLQUKOH ]HZGO OHNL GLG RN CO PC RHUQ
L]C ILWOH@ GCSGD [HTC ]Q RWHC OND UQQ COC ]Q [HQJ [KWD GFHQ RHUQ [ RLC UHFQ
>KJS [HQJ [KWD [DHFQ [KWH GF K L[ L[DF [LW
[WH@ GCSGD ][THC CLG GWL[UG Z[ DL ROGO JLNHG RNH K OLUO KHW [DFN KZS ]QC]WG POHCH
>PLLJQ ][THCG GUFG LWO Z[ OSG L[ L[DF
[QC LQ RSD[OH HDHLJ H[HTLCH OLCHG ] D[F GLQZ RSD[ GH[QC "RSD[ LCQKQ LCQ CQUKH
RLSUD PLCS]G ]ZHOJQ [H [WO L RHUQ LD[ LSQ CG RS] CGH HDHLJ H[HTLCH OLCHG
ONHC PHQ ]HZOQ H]OLNC OU DLLJO ONHC G[H]G H]DJ RHLN PL[DHT PLQNJ HDHLJ H[HTLC
]HNQO CHG ON ]HNQF EWD [DHT RHUQ LD[ HOLCH PLONC ]CQHK CQKO ONHC DJS RN HQN GOLDS
G[HTC RN PE M[FN CO GOLNC EN ]HUHDD TH]G LWO [DT RNH ]HZOO ]LIN ]OLNC ML[Y RLCH
CODH HGOND VC L[G ]HZOQ GDLLJ GQQ [DFG ]C G[H] GDLJG GLC[ RLC MNLWO G[H]GQ
GZHO M[FN
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G[QHJ L GU [HTLCD VC P]UFO GC[S EN ]HUHDDH CY ]DD TH]G L[DFQ MC@ [HTC [HUL LYJ PEH
LWU FFLY GOLJ]DH UU ED ]H[HTC ]HONCQ JQ [HC LWU >]D ]CYHG RLSUO ]HDJQ H[HULH [HULD
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