[LDUG L[GH [UQ CGL CYL L[LUGH KDG ]J] P[LDUGO Z[ CHG DHLJG COC ]HQGD [U ONQ ]JC GQGD ][WG
RCN RLC LN R[HEG ULEGD COC PLQNJ H[TC CO GKLJH G[LNQ HOLWC COGH [UQ HGU G[DUG OND L[LUGH POHN ]C
[]HQ G[HQ PL[DFG ]QL]T L[GH PLWFHU H[YHHL RWHCD [LDUGO H[TC HSUQ COH [HKW P[E COC [UQ ]HYQ OHKLD
]HFLTJ ]FQ PHQ CO PC [DFG
T VF
RCNQ UHQO L HFZ HLOCQ L[LU [DTZ CL[Q FJ L[Z G[U CKQ LNH GU] GSQ RHEN
LHC[G RLSQD R[KHWO OLDD FJ RLSQ HOLJ]G MNO L[LUG ]HFZD PLSCQQ PLOUDG LWUC
GSH HSLC GQGD [UQ G[HCNO LWUCH HJ[N OUD H]HC PLFZQ PLQQ HLOCQ HFZ L[LUG
G[H]GH U]G ON HSHY[N GSQ RHLN GSH RCN PLOUDG ]UFQ COC OHJO HO [WC LC REF [UQQ
IIN LC RHIJ LWU L[LU ]HFZ OU PLNTG HOLCN DJS GI L[G HLOCQ HFZ L[LUG G[QC
FZHL CO FLWZQ PC [D]TQ IIN LCRHIJG D]N HFZ CHG ]HQGD RLSQO [QC CSGN D[
RCNH HSHY[ FES [UQO HSLSQ DLJGO [WC LC OON [UQ GI RLC HSLSQ LWO COC ]HQGD RLSQO
RLSQO HFZH HSLSQD DJ]GO RLC PL[QHC HSC GIDH HO RLSQO OHJL [WC [DHTH GUHKD [DHFQ
>GUK [DHFQ GSQD PE RL]LS]QQ C[QEG GZQH@ ]HQGD
PLS FJC [FTN ROHN ]C ]HSQO GHYQ LW OU VC CLEHTG RQ UHQO L ]HNOG LKHZO D D]N
RDHQ HSLC D]N LIN CHIJDH HLOU [UQ P OJ L[LUG ]C COC GSQ CO FDULFD GO
]C GSQ PEG [UQ GI RLC HS]SQD HSLS [UG RQ FJC OKSH HOHN [FUG OU KLDG PC COG
PLFQHU RLDH PGLOCQ PLSQSN PG L[G [LFG RQ FJC FJC HCYL RLD ZOJO L GOG ]UFO GC[SNH@ JZO L[LUG
RLSQ LH[Z QQ LLO LULD[OH LS LLOO C[ZH HLW RLSQD GUK LWUC GSH RCNH >PLYHD[H
HDODH HLWD [[HDQ RLSQG RHLN
RCSQ PC CSGN D[ ]UFO GQH L[LUG FZ]S CO OON GSQ CO PC ]HNOG LKHZLO D D]N FHU
[HWTLN CHG MN GI LC O HSLSQ RLSQ RCN L LWO GCYL ]L[LUG GQGDG GFZ]S ]HEHI
L[LUG HOYC CHG LQJG EHID LSG ]HEHI QJ
]HNOG LKHZO DH CYL L[LUG FZ]S OON RLSQ COO HOLWC CSGN D[ L[DFQ JLNHG [G HOLCH
HCYLN PSLSQ ]C PLOUDG HUFL RWHCDH [G L[DF PLLZ KIN CHIJG MC [HQCN HL[DF GJF
]HLC[ GQND JL[NG RN [HDLF COO PE OLUHQ GDJQD RLSQH
HSLSQ UFHHL OLCHG [QHO GY[ GC[S FJ G[UO H[ZF GCT[W CSLSQD GL]LCH OLCHG CD[ [QC
LWO FZLO [WC LC ON ]HQGD RLSQ LWO FZLO [WC L[CQ D[ GFHQ LN [UQ GI L[G VHTDO
CZHFH PSLSQ ]C UFL FDODH [FTN PCSQ CO LWUC FZ]Q CYL L[LUG MNOG GLFLF RLSQ
L[G HO RLSQ LWO FZLGO [WC LSWQ ]HQGD RLSQ LWO HFZ HSLC L[CQ D[ [DHT ]HEHI RCSQD
RLSQO FZ]Q HSLSQ LWO FZ]GO [WC LCH U[WQO C[Z RCN ODC H]UFO RLSQ LHG ]HEHI RLSQ
]HQGD
ETZ
]UF VTHL
CHG HSLSWO L[GH RN PLSHQ PLLT[W L[G CHG RLSUG ]EOWG GCT[W CSLSQD C]LC [QC GQH
RLSQ OLUHL CO RLSQ HSLC G[H]G RLSQD PC RLFD RNH JI ]H[HND PDQ[G L[DFQ [CHDQ RNH RLSQ
HI PL[HCDH PLHFJ PE UH IIN LC RHIJ GCT[W
R]O L[LU [U FJCOH LUL] L[LUOH L[LU LUL]O C[Z PC RLSQ RSD[ HS] DU
GLGL L[LUG KDG ]J] [DUL [C ON RCYH [ZD [UQ ONH [QHO FHQO] RLFHZQ
]HUQQH KDG ]J] [HDUL [C ONQ [QHO HO GLG RHOG LHZ OU TTHDQ [FG GC[S FZ
]J] [HDUL [C ON DH]N GLG HOLCN H[F MNO [WC LC GIH FZ GLGL [HDUL [C ON G[HQ ON
HL]J] HFZ H][HQ]H L[LUG ]J] GQ ON [QHON FZ GLGL L[LUG ] J ] KDG
O C H DH]N HOLCN [WTQ HL]Q LGLH ]QL OCH RDHC[ LJL HQN GDL] [TJO PLDH]NG RHO M[F RNH
COIN L]ZJD GQNJ MQ LWU GID CYHLN ]HD[ FHUH [WTQ HL]Q LGL
RLLUO L [QCZ C[HLU FJ RSL[QCF CDHK ]HQGD GLO ]LCF RHEN RSLZTU LCQD CNG CD[ [QC
CZHF [HDLF ML[Y L[LU HC[Z LUL] HC CLD RHLN [QHO LH "RHHLN GQ H]HC OCS CO UHFQ
CL HC[HZO G]LG H]SHHN [QC HOLWC MNOG >[HDLFD COC GDJQD GOJ GSLC GC[S G[HQ]N@
CLIN CHIJ L[LU P ][LZUO LCFH [HDLF RCN RLC HFZ CL RLC
PCH L[LU HL[JC CDO C[HZ CL C[Z H]HUKD JNHS RHLN CLO RLHN]S H]OLJ] OU ]YZ JLNHQ HWHT LW OU VC
GJNHG RCN RLC PEH [HDLFD G[LZU RCN RLC [QC GUD QQ L[LU C[HZH [IHJ UHFQ [U O GOLJ]D H]SHHN G]LG
G[HQE
COH [8U
r r FJCr HC FJC [8U
r r [QHO HO GLG C[HLU FJ H]SHHN PC ]HUQQG ][NLS HQYU [HDLFD COG RLLUO L POHCH
>]HLHUQQG L]D [WO [WC GIDH RN]L VOC FHL [QHCD Z[ LD[ L[DF FLQUGO GC[S RLCH@ [8UFJC
vq
w
KLQG PDQ[G MN PHQ CQH ]HLHUQQG L] ]ODHT G]LGH LHKLDD ZHOLJ GLG CO PGLQLD ][DHFQG RHOD RN]LH
RWHC OND RNC RFLFO LN DLIN CHIJ UUH LD[ L[DF KLQG UHFQH H[DJQ LD[N GNOG COG GQ] ]HNOG LKHZODH HI GNOG
RHOG ]HUQQ PHQ G[LZU HI
FHL C[EG [CD LWN HSQIO C[QEG RQIQ RHOG LHSL LSWQ C[QEG ]LEHT LWN CO ZTW PDQ[G GID CYHLN HSLYQH@
>GS PL[FSD C[QEG ]LEHTN CO EFO VHU RLD ZOLJ HK PL[FS PDQ[G [DG RQ [FHSG RLSUO CLIL[
PLONCSG ZHH GIJ PHQ L[W OHTWG ]LDO PLFZ RLCLDQ RLC L[QCF CLG RSD[ HU[L CS]F CG
RWHCD PE OHTWG ]LDO PLFZ CLDGO [HTC RCN [CHDQ G[HCNO P]OLNCD KUQQ L[GH FDOD PLSGNO
GFH] RLSUO@ PDQ[G ]UFD D]N CLH QGHTW GSQVTNG MC RD[ZG RQ ] Y Z Q ]OLNCD KUQQ
>GOD UH[I ]OLNCD KUQQ COG FDC[G ELGH RDL[ZGO PDQ[G ZTW [LIS OLCD GD[U]S
GZG RN RD[ZG RQ ]YZQ ]OLNCD KUQQN OHTWG ]LDO PLFZ PLCLDQ RLC PLQNJ H[QC CO
HWT QGHTW MOQG[UG
]JC GS]Q Z[ R]HS PFG ]ZL[I PHQ COC ZHH GIJ PHQ RCN GSHHNG RLC HI GUF LWO [WCH
GS]Q R]HS ]JC GS]Q PU UD[C R]Q O RD[Z D[U]SN W PLJDID UHGL [ ]KLNH@ [UQ RLFN
CO MNOG JDIQG OU R]SLGO LHC[ GLG PLFZ PF OHTWO P[HE L[GH GQCO MWS PFG [CH >]JC
MLQGOH ]JC GS]Q R]LO UHGL [ [QC GID PFG D[U]SH KJ [DN PC Z[H@ GOLJ]NO KHJL
[LUGO L@ CKLO CL[EG L[HULQ >OHTW LFLO PFG CLDGOH KHJO RLC GOLJ]NO ODC RD[ZG ]HFHDUD
FTZ
CT VF ]H[HND
XH[L] UH >C[N P]T UHFQ DYH PLQON UD[C RG ]HS]Q L] R]HS [U FJCH L[LU GF L[ RHO ]HUQQ OU
CLH QGHTW CQZ L[IU LDC [WTD VTHS
XQJG ]HOJ Z[ COGH OHTWG ]LDO PLFZ ]CDG OOED JTW D[UD GFH] PLCLDQ RLC EL PLJTWD C[QEG L[DFQ UYH
CO X[L] P JOYDH RD[ZGQ ]YZQD VC PLHJ MNOG ]H[HWT ]HUO P]OLNC RQI FCQ PYQYQ LWO OLH ]H[TCS
]HOJG OONQ ]LYJQ RG L[G XQJG ]HOJ ODC KHULQD COC QTNG [QC
RLCH MN ON GDH[Q GSLC OHTWG ]LDO PLFZ ]CDGO HJ CO GOD UH[I RHEND CZHF [QHO L HOC PLZHOLJO RSL]CFH
GDH[Q P[D ZHH GIJD NCQ OON PLSGN HCYQL CO HJO
CT VF
RQID KJHG EL IUD L[Q PLSH[JC HJLNHG RNH L[D [CHDQ GOZ] PHQH RSLZTU GIG RQID [UQD
HKKL ]HSD[ZG GUQ DH ]H[HND PDQ[D [CHDQ RNH XHJ LKHJ PHQ DLLJ PLQLQ] PLFZ GIG
]HKLD U GD[ZGO LHC[ HSLCH LHSD JDIQ RLC RHLN GIG RQID DHLJ RLC KS PLJDID TH]G ]UF POHCH
IZ PLJDID RLHYQD GI RLSUD PLSHC[G
D]NH "GIG RQID [UQ HQN GOZ]O HJO L COG HU[L GSHC[G C]LL[DG LWO UHFQ OHCO L
L[GH OHTWG ]LDO PLFZ PLCLDQ RLC PLQNJO RCN L[WO HDHL LWU KWZ FHL CSLS] GFHGLD UFHSD
PGD OHWL FU P HU[L [WCO HOHDEQ PZLJ[QH OON P[QO FH[K HSLC OON GD[ZGO PLFQHU PSLC
PGD FH[K ]LDG GSDLN GD[ZGO PL[N [O Z[H HT CQHL U GOZ] J PGD RLC MNOG PHQ
RHUQ LD[N H]HQL LS]ZF C]LL[DH GOZ]O HJO LH
G[ZQ OU ODC H]HQL HSZ]H PGD HJ GIG RQID PLFZ CZHF GKHW M[FD DLO L G[HCNOH
GWLNO TLSNGO HSZ] CO PLQO PU [UQ D[U]L JLN HSLC
GWLNO GTSNG [UQD PLQNJ HSZL] CO ][DHTH ]ZOHJ GSHC[G C]LL[DG RNC ]HKLWD OL FHUH
HQHQD ONCLH DC]TL FU GU[L DH ]H[HND ZTW PDQ[G L[DF PLDHLQ GIDH GIG RQIO RLFG CHGH
ES OLUO PHNLTO ]HD U PDQ[G ZTWO VTHS DHL HS]LEHTQ FHUH IQ GW CKL[GQ GQ] [DNH
LC INZ CJ HL]HDH]D KL[GQ D]N GQ OU RCNQ PLZQ L LOU [UH CY HJHOO [QHCG
"]HJLO GOLUHQ [CHDQ RCN COGH JLOO R[TQLQ CO LOLQ PHQ LFZGO JLO ]HSQO [WC
GUQ LU HLOCQ HFZ L[LUG COC [HDLF LFL OU OJ HSLC ]HFZG [CQ GQGD [UQ GSH PSQCH
LWON PE ]HJLO GOLUHQ PYUD C[QED [CHDQ COG GZ RLFU MC LOLQ [FED GI RLC MNOG RLSQG
HLHFJD DLYSGH HKT MHSLJ]JSQG HZG RN ]HFZG [CN GI L[GH PLQON HSLF PEG [UFJCG
CS DJ TLESD [I[EG LHFJD GD[ ]HNL[C GC[H DS GJ ]HDH
GO PLFZ]Q PG PL[HNLDG PE HGHQN PLTNSG OHFLE ]C J]HWG RHC[G CHG [HNDG
RLSZ ]C P]HJG RH[JCG CHG [UQG HOLCH PLQ ]S]Q O FHZ E[ MH]Q H][H] FZQOH
GTZ