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RLSUO HGLLWHE RLN[UO ]HD[O GLG OHNL G[HCNOH PLQFO RLSU HGS] RLN[UQ HKUQ]S CHK L[G RLN[UO RLSU HSLC PC
LWO RLW]H ]HD[O [D]TQ RLC MWGO HC C[Z ML[Y RLCH PLN[UD PL[FHS PLS KHW HC PL]Q ]JC OYH PLW]H
[D]TQ MNO [NIG MN[U GLGH RLN[UQ HKUQ]S GI C[ZQQ RHLN CHK RLSUO H[FO HO [D]TQ [WC MC LC [QCS
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PLNL[UQ RLC KHW CTLE MFLCO HC PLNL[UQ CHG KHW PHQ
COH GNL[UG GC HC GCQ ML[UG FJC ]HWS ] H U Q Q Q FHQOO E[D UH L[WO P H[QC MNQ GC[S MC
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RLF PCG PLC[HQC HZOJS HQ GFS ]NTQD LCO MHQTG COWHQ LLH]CO LCQ LLH]CO RLNL[UQ ONG
L[H RSJHL LD[N GF ]HQH[] FCL PL[FS PDQ[G ZTWH C]L[HCFQ HC RSD[FQ LCO MHQTG COWHQ
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LWN POO DLLJ PL[FS ]SHUO ULEG LCO MHQTG COWHQG HKC RLN[U PDQ[G L[DFQ UQQ FHU
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GI DHLJO [HZQG RLSQ RHLU ML[Y PHZQ ONQH HL[HLQ PLDHE
[FSO VZH] RLC H[FS PLLZO GHHYQ ]HLGO C[DEC DHLJ OJ CO ON [HTLC [FSQ FZG L[FS PLSH CLG C[DT CQH
VC RLSQ NCH HLOU DLHJQ CGL ICH OFELNO HLOU DHLJ OJ COG QQ MC PFCG DHLJO [FSG ]HOJ RLD FL[WGO CC MNOG
H][HQ] [LQG LCO MHQTG COWHQ C[DT L G[HQ] L[D H[QC GQ ]QEHFNH@ [FSG PLLZO GHHYQ HGL[G RKZ HFHUD
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PSLC COGH PL[WQG HZGH PGLOU GOJ ]H[LIS RLC C[ZQ CT [LISD HKUQ]S PL[NS RLSUO HSCYQ M[F OU OL LOHCH
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HSLC LWUC LCO MHQTG COWHQD [QHO L GI ]QEHFNH >PHON HL[DFD RLC [LIS LSL[G [QCN DH]NG RQ HKULQH@
[FS H[FS L[G ]UFG ][DT PHQ H[FS POO DLLJ ]HHYQ [D
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RKZG ]C G[H] G[KW LWUC [WC RN PCH PLSH[JCG LOHFE HD]N LWN JS RD ]HHYQD DLLJ ]UF RD OONO ULEG
LQ PO UFHL ]UF[D CHG ON GHHYQ GI PE RGD GHHYQ JS RD ]HHYQ R]HCD QQ OHFE H]HLG FU RLSHUQ OC[LD
LWUC OL RN PCH FS RL[FGSTDH DT [LISD CDHQD U PLSH[JC GQN GHD]N HI G[DT SHUG RQ [KWS LWUCH [FS
CO RLN[U[FS HSOYC L[G HKUQ]S CO OC[L ODC FJHLQ KHULQ PHQ HGI GFHGL [F CDLOC PLNL[UQ PSLC PHNU
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LWUCH@ CFL[E HLDC OU COH HLOU OKHQG DHLJ CHG MHSLJ RLF PLSHC[G ]HKLO MHSLJ PHQ RSD[FQ ]HHYQ [CD
LL ]LD U HL[DF OU PLZOHJ L MC RKZG OU COH HNSJO OHFEG OU DHLJ CHG PDQ[G ]UFD LH XQJ QTNG D]N
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RHEN DHLJD [WCH G[H]G RLFQ HDHLJ RLC LN HFDU]S CO HLTNS H[FS POO DLLJ LWUC CTLE MFLCO OL GI LWOH
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K[WQ MQGD RHLN COC CFL[E G]HUQQ FYQ HC GOQG [H]L FYQ ]HD[O CD ONG RLC [QHO L
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WSN MQGD PLK[WD PLOHON
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CZOT GLG GQ RN PCH > MN[UD [FS PL[HF RLC LWO F ROGO H[QC HQNH@ PLN[US COH PL[FLS THSLEH[FSCH PHKQHK L[G
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PL[HCDH PLHFJ [WTD UUH PLYWJ [C LQF [FSO PFC LQF [FS RLD
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P GNHT FTHL U HQCO ML[YD VC [LQJQ LCQH JN GNHT R[ GO ML[Y CHG ON GNHT MHSLJO LHC[ HSLC L[G
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GHYQG [ZLUO COC MLL HSLC MHSLJ RLF L[GH H]DHJ LFL CYL [DN DOHOG ]GDEGD COGH USUSO GULFLD
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>P PLZTHWD CDHG OL[GQ LWU DLLJ USUSO UFHL PC M[DO UFHL HSLC HOLWC MNOG GQYU GHYQG [FT
ON UHSUS PLFFYQ LH CQOUD [HFLG [FED HSLCH GHYQG RQ ZOJ PSLG PLUHSUSG LWO PL[QHC LH
FL[HQH GOUQH CLDQH MLOHQ RLFN USUSO UFL ML[Y RLC G[HCNO HI C[DT LWOH@ C]L[HCFQ CHG
PLSHC[GQ L VCH PLSHC[G PD IS[] LDDH LQOH[LG PD I DOHO ]HLSHQLLQ ]HGEG U PLZTHWG HD]N RN COH
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G[HCNOH PLOCUQLG ]WLKU HSLLGF TH]D [CHDQH VKU]GO UFHLG RKZ D H[UL GQD RHLU ML[Y RNH
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PL]H HLSWOQ HLGL ]HLYLY L] MN OU FLWZGO UFHL CLG GSHHNG PL[QHC LH IOE CHIJ J JHC GQ
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CO EN PLWLUT
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JDIH GF LQH[Q RDC L[HK GSQ PJO LWU GLC[G RQ [HKWH [HQE FDU HGL[G H[[JO HD[ ]C HWN CO FHU
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C GELEJ DZUL ]HOGZD HH[W [HCDD
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WSN H]DHJ LFL OHFEG ]C CLYHQ HSLC MHSLJO
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GSQG G[LW CO GQ [WO C]LL[DD VLTHQ COC ]HLSQD
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MSJO DCG OU COC HLOU OKHQ DHLJG RLC RGD RSD[F ]HHYQ RLDH >MHSLJ RLFQ RSD[FQ@ HQYU RKZG OU
RKZ LLH]CO GOLEQ C[ZQD RLDLLJ ONG [QHO HY[ CO ZLLHFQ GI LWOH CQUKD C]OLQ U HSD ]C
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PHQ RKZG OU DHLJ PLQNJ HOLKG GOLEQ C[ZQD HLDC OU COC HQYUD RKZG OU OKHQ DHLJG RLC ]HHYQ [CD LWUC
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ML[UQ PFCNH G[H] H]NL[UG M[UG COC PLQFD HLHH M[U O HUQQH HSLSU RLC LN FHZG
RLSUO HI G[DT RLUN UH ]HQHC RHOD MLL RLC GIH LOU GI PFCO G[H] GS]S M[UG [QHCN HGL[G
KN LT L[ CHIJ U G[H]D RLN[U ][FEGD FHU [LIS L[ ]UF VTHLD CDHQD ]H[LIS
J CO CS]G COC RLN[UD PLLHSLN RLC [QHO TH]G ]SHHN RLC ZQKG ]LHZ X[]O L FHU
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PLQF PO [QCH [QEH GOKDO HL[DF CLYHQ PFC RLC PHQ HLQF R]HS FJ RDQ ]HJW ML[UQG G
[WC MC PFC GF G TH]UH N ROGO HI RHOQ HZLLF HQNH L[QEO [HKW GC[S PHON [QC CO RHO ]HUQQQ POHCH
IN G[HQ]DH N ROGO GSQ P]TN Q[N CL]C COF
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M[U PGO L [WC THSLEH[FSCH PHKQHKD ODC QQ M[U EHQ P MLL RLC LN PLQF OU [W]GO GOHNL PGD M[U
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PHKQHK RLD ZHOLJ GLG CO IC LN OUHWD R]LO G[H] GDYZ M[UG [FHS PFC M[U RHO ]HUQQ RLC OLUOF ]H[WCN
PLQNJO FL ROGO [CHDQGQ GIO MQT ]YZH G[H] H][UL GQ LWN L]QCG HFHDNH HN[U CLG ]HUQQG COC FJ RDQ ]HJWO
PC M[UG ]QH HSLLGF RHLFWN CHG PE RLN[U RLSU ]YZ UQQH QHJ VLTHQ RLC GSZQ GF RHLFWO RLN[UQ ZGD RSLWOL
PE ZG HSLYQ LN GLC[ HI RLC GC[S QQH P CWD GID GZ]S RNCH QHJ ]WTH] MLL RLC DHYZ PHNT [FHSN COC HSLC
NLWUC RLN[U RLFD PSLC UFHL PNL[UQG LN PCH >P NQD U ZGD CCQ [WC PLSF ]OCD LHO] CQH GI RHEND
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GH GLG GDZSH [NI RLF VC H[HKW P[HE ZWT H]HLG PYU LWO KUHQQ PHKQHK QQ GDZSN
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M[U [QHO H]SHHN RLC LCFH GC[S GDZS M[UN PLOZ PLO HN[U G[H] GDYZ MNO GCN HSLF
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P D]N GQH OSG HS[HWTG L[DF RLUN D]N U Q EJ G[HQG [WTD PDQ[G LWUCH [NIN M[US
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CQOUD C[ZF CQUK COC GI RLC L[G RLN[UD QHJ ]WTH] RLC FL ROGO C[QEGQ DYH QHJ PHQ G[U
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"MQHT HSLC FJC VC PLJLSQ HSC RCNH MQHT FJC PLJLSQ
FZG VHT PLFQO HSC PLQNJ ]UFO COC POHNO MQHT PLW]HG RQ FJC G[DTG FYQ [QHO ML[YH
RD[ZD OON GNLQT G]LG CO PLQNJO HSD[Z KHULQ COHO MNOG G[HQ]Q GNLQT HSLLGF FZG ]OLJ]Q
GNLQT GHG HSLYQ CO GFHGL LD[ ODC ZQKG NHQN OON PL[LQQ PLW]H RLC PN PLW]HG
MNDH E ]HC ZQKLD NHQNH@ PLOUD N DJS HSLC [HLG GNLQTQ FQO Z[ COC [DF ONO G[HQ]O
RN GNLQTO GQ MH[WO L HY RLDH[LUD H]KLO COG GNLQTQ [QLQ HSLC [HL L[ FQO FYLN DHLQ
][FEG RLSUO C]OQ LHOLE COC GI RLC NU COC ROGOFN ]H[LQQ G[HQ]D [QC] PLSD GSLC
POHNO MQHT FJC HL[DFO MNOG >G[HQ] L[ CDHQD UUH PLOUD
TH]G RLOW] HO JZHO HLDC RLOW] [HQO UFHLG RKZ ]LYLYD DLLJ VKU]GO UFHLG RKZ DU
]LOK HO L CQ]TQF ]LOK HO JZHO RHO ]LYLY LDE KZS CO MNO HD]NH RHOG LHSL OU HFQU
GJLZO RHO PGD MLLH PL[ZL RGLQF RLOW] PHQ LQS LC HLDC O HDOHOD ]CYO OHNL DOHO LDE RNH
HSDO ]YLLHYQ ]LOK ]HSZO DCG OU DHLJ OKHQ HOOG TH]G L[DFQ IL PLLJG ]HY[CD U HJLNHG L
HO ]HSZO GDHJ RLC PHQ GJLZO RHO KZS CO RNO ]HKLWD HY[] CO UHFQ RN CO PC RKZ
DLLJ TH]O PGO KHW [CHDQ GIQ "]LOK
[DNH HSDO JZLO DLLJ]L UHFQH GIN FED HN[O CSLFQ DLLJ HSLC HQYU CHG COG [DFG PUK [[DO LH
[LUG RNOH HSDO ]HSZO DLLJ DCG RLC ]HKLWD KZS HLHFJD CZU[EG L[DFQ GC[S RNH GIL RJOG MH[UD MN OU GQ]
R]S HLDC GF D CKLO ZJ[EO ]LYLY ]NTQ OU RQE[C H[LWDH ]LOK HO L [DHFQ LCFH COG TH]G OU
CGLN HOLE[GO LFN MHSLJ ]HYQ PHQ DLLJ HSDO CSLFQ DLLJ HSLC HQYUO PFC LW OU VC PUK
[DFO CQEHF CLDGH ]LYLY HD GO]L FED HO
LS]ZF RLOW]Q CS LCQ RKZG OU DHLJ RHOD GS UHFQ CLG P]OC ]SHHN TH]GQ GLC[G ]HJFO G[HCNO GC[S C
>HLDC OD ]CYO OHNL DOHO LDE RNH@ ]LOK HO L CQ]TQF RHLN HY[]H RKZG OU OKHQ DHLJ RLC UQQH DCG OU DHLJ
GJLZO RHO HGD MLL PL[ZL RGLQF RLOW]F PHQ LQS LC RLOW] LDE NCQ [DFG HFLD LN RKZG OU GDHJG HOLKG MNO
RJLSGO RKZG OU ]OKHQ GDHJG GSZ HLDCN POHUOH DCG OU DHLJN GJLZO RHO KZS MNO [QHON
ML[Y MNO RKZ ]LOKD PLOLE[ HSLSQID CZHF HLOU M[DOH HSDO ]LYLY ]HSZO DLLJ DCG PLZTHWG HD]N GI RN]LH
DLHJQ HSLC HQYUO PE L[G [HQCN ML[Y RLC C[QEG RQID ODC CEQG NN G[HQE GDHJ GSLCH JDG D]N HQNH ]HSZO
]LOK ]HSZO ML[Y GLG C[QEG RQID PE CQH C]LL[DG RHO DLO PG PLCD L[G NHQN TH]G ]SHHN MJ[N OU GI LWOH
LQOH[LGQ HCLDG HQNH GOLW]O
H
E VF RLN[U
H[QC CO UHFQ GZ] RLLFU COGH HO L ]LOK CQ]TQ HY[] GQ GZ G[HCNO TH]GQ GLC[ RLC KHW GC[S LNG HCODH
HO L ]LOK CQ]TQ >OLUOF H[LWG COHO@ P]SHHND GC[S COC CZU[EG GQ] RN H]LOKO ] L Y L Y HO JZLO HLDC DLLJ
GJLZO RHO CS]G KZS CO RNO HO L CQ]TQ ]YLLHYQ ]LOK HC ]HLYLY RLFG CHGH RKZG [HDU J Z L O ML[Y HSLCH DCO
RLLFU LN HSD [HDU ]LOK JZLO GDHJ RLC PHQ GJLZO RHO KZS CO RNO TH]G HD]N CO UHFQ CLHZ ON RLC ILWOH
GDHJ L GID ]HLYLYG OU GJLZO RHO KZS CO UHFQ GID X[H]Q HSLC
]HN[DD GSHL HSD[ LFLQO] ]KL LWU X[]O [WC FHU CQ CJ [DF DLQ ]HD U TH]G ]LHZ OU VTHS XH[L] D
DLLJ RHOQ HSL UHFQ ILWO RDHQH HOLE[GO CLG GLHC[ GEGSG COC MHSLJ RLFQ [HQE DHLJ RLC RLOW]D L[ ]UFD N
HO JZHO HLDC O
HSSQID RLFG CHG G[HCNO GC[S DOHO HO JZLO HLDC DLLJ RLC RNOH HLDC OD ]CYO OHNL DOHOD TH]G HD]N GQQ E
RLOW] JZLO ML[Y RLC PLSD LS HO LN RNH HO JZLO ML[Y RLCH HLDC OD ]CYO RDG OHNL PHLG ON RLOW] PLJLSQ RLC
EIO GNOG [HCDD ZW]TS RN FJCD PGLS HCYL COC FJCH FJC ONO
]HLGO GHYQG [ZLU RCN ODC ]JC GOLKSD HD CYHL DOHOO GQHF HSLC RHLN UY D [CS Z[ HO KHW [DFG RLC MNOH
RQIG ON HLOU PLJSHQ
]HC[LO CD MN ]HC[O CD M[FN GC[Lt GC[Ls
[HF OLNQ LG ]HC[O PFC LSD OU VLZG G LN MON LSLUD MC[HD ]C FLQ] GC[ PFC RD
G]YLDD GON]TGD GQUSG HQN PH[ GU] M]LLC[DH H[HF HON LSLUD HSLLG PLZOC
MO ULWL MD HON]TGD G RNH ]CYHLH ]UZD]QH GQUSG GYLDG MH]D ]QZ[]QH ][YHS DKLG
GN[DH UW LSLQ ON
RHQGOH ]HC[LO CD MN ]HC[O CD M[FN GC[L GC[L OI[CH M[HNI ON GC[L DL]N GI OUH
PHZQ OND GU OND FLQ] PHL ON PLOLNQO ODC FZQG RQID GSD PLOE[ E CHG PU
CHG ML[D RLHU[ ONF CHHU[Q C]H[U]C MOU [[HU]L CDOF C]HU[D GOUQ LWON MON]TGD
CLQOU LQOUOH POUO GLQ ML[D
CSHG D[ GF F GELEJ [LG [HC [WTD FHU GC[H RLHDN L[DF F Z[W PLF[J [WT
E VF
LFLQO] LD]ND TSG H]HCD HLG RG VC GOLEQ C[ZQD ]HDLLJ PLS LHO RD UHGL LD[ [QCF
RGD ]H[HKW PLSG ]HHYQG OONQ GOLEQ C[ZQ ]HYQ CLYHGO CD GI PUK PCG [ZJ CDHQ IL[EG
GI PUK CQ HC ]JCN PLSH PLSC OOHNG DHLJG [ZLUD PLSG ]HOONS DHH RQ[E RQIG PHQ
FHJQ DHLJD PLSG ]C DLLJQG CHG HQYU FYQ
RQIG GHYQ O [HKW RLC GOLEQD KHZSS PC ]HHYQ DHLJO PLSO HZHG PLFDU RLSUO GSLQ CZWSH
PLLZ HSLC PUK H]HCH FHJQ PUKQ ]HDLLJ PLSG PC POHCH PLSN HDLLJ]L PLFDUG PE CQ[E
PLFDUG ]C DLLJO RLC PLFDUD
PLDLLJ P L [ [ J H Q PLFDUH D]N GOLEQ C[ZQQ [HKW FDU UQQ C GOLEQ PDQ[G L[DFQH
PG[DCREQGH JDG HZTW RNH EGD ]UF RNH DLLJ FDU UQQ KW[] JHC [HKGQ HOLCH
I