ELE RLN[U PDQ[ KOZ RLOHJ LWU [DIE FLO HCHDL FU P]HL[JCD DLLJ HFDC HC HDSESH
GJ LHOG KDD UH D RLOHJ ZQKL LWU [HKW ]HL[JCD DLLJ]C CO ]SQ OU [QC PCH
FU ]HL[JCD DLLJ RWHC OND CLG DH]NG ][IE UQQ KOZ P CLEHTGQ MN OU [LUG T ]HHYQG T[KSHZ
> [DIE FLO CHDL
CN N PLWF
H H[DJO ]LD [LNQG DO
]LDG UES]S C
[LNQG HLFZG D
[NHG HLFZG E
"]H[LNG RLF GQH ]LDG RLF GQ
MLSWO MO L[G [NHO [LNQG HO [QHC RGN HKLOJG LWUC UES]SH H[DJO ]LD [LNQG C
FLQUGO DLLJ HSLC NLWUCH NH] LWU PDQ[G WNH GCSGD [HTC UEHSQG ]LD HJLNHG TH]G
FLTWG ]H[LNG LQF ]C POHCH GI ]LD COC H[LNGO DLLJ]S CO [DHFQ [JC ]LD HO
CHG RLF HOLWC ]LDD [NLS ZIG RLC RHLN GC[S G[HCNO PGL[DF OU GQ] ]QC]WGH
]H[LN CSJQ UUH P]T ]LD D HOLWCH ]H[LNG LQF HO PLULEQH MLSWO MO L[G HO [QHC
H
[JC ]LD HO FLQUGO DLLJ HY]S
[JC HO FLQUGO DLLJ HSLC GI ]LD D ODC P]T ]LDD [DHFQ [W GW ]HDH]ND R[G
LGZ ]HSHLOED PE UH R[GN COF TH]D QNH ]QC ]W LWU PDQ[G L[DFQ RN GC[S RLCH
OUQ [F PCH HD [HFO [HTC [NHG [LNQG HLFZG PC C[QED [CHDQ D
POHCH RLOHJO CYHL ]LDG RLC TH]G H[LWOH H]OLUQ LFL OU RLOHJO ]LDG CYHL L[WO C
H]OLUQ OOED FZG O HSLCH RLOHJ [NG ONG ]UFO
RLC H[N HO PLFZG PC KL CW QD IHCD GNH C]WTH]GH LQOH[LG LWU TH]G ]KL D
FZGG OJ H[N PLFZG CO PCH HLFZGO OHNL [LNQG
LQFQ []HL GH ]LDG GQ COC OJ FZGG H[QC COH [DFD ZHOLJ RLC PL[QHC LH
HD ]HW]H FZGO L RHLNH LFZGO OHNL RLC ]H[LNG LQF [HULD ODC ]H[LNG
D GW PL[FS C[ KS ]HDH]NH RCN TH]U FZGO [N GOUQ HD [FG RNO
COC OON [LNQG O FZGG OJ CO PLZTHW GD[G ]UF CLDG GQZT CN[ FHLD MGH
ULZWQ PLQF FZG RLC [NHO ]LDG FDUHQ RHLN GI ]LD D ODC P]T ]LD [LNG PC
GOUQ H[N HO PLFZG CO PC COC HD [HFO LC[ [NHGH FZGG OJ COH FHDU LFLQ
]H[LNG PHO] OU QQ OJ [LNQG O HFZG LN [LNQO COH FZGO [N
[OH GNOG RNH POHUO CD CO [DF LFZQ PFC RLC PLQNJO CHDLNO H[N ]C [LNQG LFZG
FZ]L [NG [LCQ
HLFZGO H]H[D ]LDG RLC LWO PHON HL[DFD RLC C[QED H[QC [NHG HLFZG E
CQZ
]UF VTHL
OHNL ODC FZGO [HDULH [LNQG RQ UZWLL CO PHO]G RLSUO Z[ [HQC GI TH]D H[CDH
GI RQI MQO [LNQG OU H[TCO OHNL RN HQNH H]H[D CHG RQI ON ]LDG LFZGO [NHG
HSLC H[LWD [QC PC Z[H PHON [QC CO P]T ]LDG ]C LFZQ PC D]N LQ LH
T]J ]HDH FO GW ZD L LWU ]H[LNG PH] FU ]LDD HO L GCSGG ]C COC LFZQ
TH]GN KZSH HL[DF OU GQ] GN[ FHL
CN VF
"PLQOH ]HOHU ]HQCH ]HCKJ RLN[U LDLLJ PLSNQQ PCG C EO
CLDQ H[DJ [CNH HOQ PLDL[ZQ [CN H[HDU RD[Z ]D[ZGD PFC O HSHY[H H]UF ]C PLNL[Y PCG D
"H[HDU RD[Z
PCLDGOQ HDNU]L CQ PLHJ LN PLQOH ]HOHU LDLLJ RNH PJ[N OUD P]HC PLSNQQ RLN[U LDLLJ C
GI PUK GLLG J RLC MNLWO G[WNO GDHJ PG LSWQ P]HC PLSNQQ RLC ]HQCH ]HCKJ LDLLJ ODC
ROGO UH Q ZDD UQQ RNH PLSHC[D [CHDQ
POHCH RD[ZG ]CDGQ USQSH OYU]Q CHG PLCH[N [DHFQ PL[WQ H G[D TH]G C
GFH] JDI LWU CLDL CO CQ PLHJ FLQ PLSNQQ UQQ PDQ[GQ
FLE RLN[U PDQ[ FLZELZ QD U KHDU ]DG RLF PLLZ RLC RLN[U OU PLSNQQ RHNQD D
PLSNQQ GCQHK []GH RLLG ]L] ]CH JHOLEG ]C ]DNUQ COH CKJ OU ][WNQ GSLC [LIS ]CKJ
HSD OCUQL LD[ L[DFN PCNH ]CKJN H]DNUQ LSWQ GLOU PLSNQQ RLC U[HYQ ]OHU MFLCQH
>GLOU PLSNQQ MNOG PLFZD G]OLNC ]DNUQ GSLC ]FOHL ]OHU ODC@ GSGL CO LCFHH DDL[ O
VHT GSQ PJOD PE UH PDQ[G LWU GFH] JDI PCG CO PEH ]DNUQ U[HYQG ]OHU RLC GNOGO C
OU VCH ILFL ZGUQ QTN LWU H]OHU OU PLSNQQ ILWOH GS [LIS TH] G[WN L[THJQ OG
L[U HDNUQ U[HYQ PC PL[QHC LH P ZGUQ QOQD CDHQ JL ]H[LIS GSQ PJO HQC
RNH HLOU PLSNQQ RLC ILWOH DEL PLUES CHIJ UH PDQ[G ]UFD JL ]H[LIS GSQ PJO KS PLJTW
CO OY PLZOHJG ]UFOH U [ H Y Q P C H [LIS ]CKJQ XHJ D]N CO P ZGUQ PDQ[GQ ]YZ UQQ
C[QED [HWQG COC KZS
HQYUQ CLDL CO LCFH LJNQ CHG RHLN L]ONC CO [QHC CHGH DOJ ]ONC PLFU HO H[QC D
DLHNZ MHSLJ ]JSQDH GQO ZJDH CZU[D UH IW ]HQDLH DL ]H]L[N TH] C[ H]HC PLSNQQ MNOG
]Q CKHJ ]JSQ ]HFLO QJ ]HCKJ OU PLSNQQ PLWTHS PLSWHC
[HDT PFCG PHZQD PE G[HCNO UQQ ]HNQ L[H E QDH IW ]HQDLD CD[GH RDQ[G L[DFQ POHCH
[LQJ [QJQ Q ZDD C[QEG RHOQ UYH H]HC PLSNQQ FD RLC CLDGO GYH[ HSLC HC RD[ZQ [HKW CHG
HO ZD ]HQJOQD HQYU RDQ[G L[DFQ GZ RNH GLSHNQ LUD COH GLHOLU
RLFN@ LSC GYH[ [QCL HOLWC GLWN OLUH] CO RG G[WN PHQ CK JGHYZD D]N GQ OU HZG DHLNH
[DHT HC CLDGO GYH[ HSLCD HOLWC HI C[DTOH PLWHN RLC MNOH >[HKLUG OUD L[DFN GSZ CO LSZH GHLO]
UYH PLSNQQ RLC [HKW
L[DFQ RLDG GFH] JDI D [QC CO PCH ROGOFNH LSC GYH[ [QCL ML[Y H]HC PLSNQQN E
HK MH[D ]JSQD UUH G[HQE G[WN HI RLC COC H]DHJ LFL CYL FDULFD PH[E HSD[
[WN]Q RHO MLL RLC [QHO GY[ QQ G[WN CO [WN]Q LCG D]N GQ E[ ]SHHN [WO GLG G[HCNOH
OTWS RD[ZGH OON LHYL[ RCN RLC POHUOH LHYL[ COC QQ G[WN GSLC GOHUD RNH PLQOD
DQZ
RLN[U ]NTQ PHNLTO ]HDH]H ]HOC
FLQC HSLCD COC ]HQCH ]HCKJ LDLLJ PLSNQQ RLC H[QC CO JQ DD CDKL[G L[DFO F
MHUL FDO G[GIC ]LUH H[F LWNH H]HC PLSNQQ FLQC PFC ODC
]JSQ LWU DHJ OUD RLFN ]LSHSLD UZ[ZQ PLDHE ]LDG ZFD LFZN PSLF GC[S RLN[U LDLLJ G
KS MHSLJ
"FYLN H]C DL[ZL HSD[Z CLDGO PFC PLWHN NLWUCH HSY[O HSHY[Q COC RD[ZD [WN]Q PFC RLC D
RHY[H GQNTG GNL[Y GOHU PEH LSC GYH[ [QCL FU H]HC PLWHN
CQ G[WG ]UD RLD [WN]QG ]C ULFHGO ML[Y PCH ]CKJD H[DJ [HDU RD[Z L[WG PFC
TH]U ]HFHH]GOH RD[ZG OU MHQTO LFN G[WN ]UD RLD H[DJ OD [WN]GO XWJ HSLC
MWGO COHUOH G[WN ]UD ML[Y RLC DHH G[WG ]UD HULFHGO ML[Y OCHQO PLQOH GOHUD
P]ZHOJQ [HCDD UU TH] GNLQT ]HYQ PLLZO GYH[ PHQ G[WN ]UD COC G[WGD HULFHGO ML[Y RLC
GO VFO HOZ UGC CHIJ I CW ]H[HND KL[GQD
LF ZGUQ PDQ[ G[WN ]UD COH G[WG ]UD ]UF ML[Y OCHQN GNOG C
COC H]DHJ LFL MND CYL ZQKD C[G L[DFQ GC[S G[WN ]UD COC G[WGD )UFLu t CO
FZ]S CO GY[]SH UFL CO FHU ON LN OUQ CO G[WNO G[WG RLD GQGDG RQ GSGSG
GO VFO HOZ UGC CHIJD NNH GFH] JDI U[WQO CO VC
LFL ZGUQ PDQ[G D]N JHHYH FQHU G]UH G[WN PFHZ HD [IJH G[WG ]UD GY[]S
VFO HOZ UGC CHIJDH GFH] JDI RN GC[S RLC TH]GQH PH[E HSD[ L[DFQ HOLCH PLDL[ZQ
HC U UH[I [HCGQ CDHQ RNH HJ[N OUD DL[ZGO CC LCFH PDQ[G L[DFD GLEGO D]N GO
IL[EG PD S RLHFZ OCHQ [ L[HUL UUH CLC ]HCHHZQ
UFHSNH H[DJ [HDU L[WG [CN RLLUO L G[WG ]UD ]UF ML[Y RLC COHU ]UFOH
OJ CQ HC C[ZLUQ RHY[ RCN GLG CO [[DHG LN GFZGG GUZW PCG FES]G H[DJO
DHJ LFND UZHW HSLCH FZGG
RD[Z CLDQ PFC L[G [WN]QG ]UF PLNL[Y RLC G[WN L[THJQ ]HSD[Z GO PL[FSD H[QC D
DH]NG ][IEH RKZ RLD OHFE RLD DIG ][H] ]CI [QCS PLSKZG HL]HSD OUH HLSD OU
DHJDH P UGC CHIJ GJHQ CHGN DL[ZGO [WC LC HOC ]HSD[Z PE POHCH GFH] JDI CLG
DL[ZGO [WC GI RWHCD HOLWC FFLY
GFHQ COC OCHQ [DLF CO PLQOH ]HOHU HOLWC GDHJ ]HSD[Z OU P UGC CHIJG D]N E
G[WND RLD G[WGD RLD [WN]QG ]UF ML[Y PCH ]CKJN PSLF
GNLQTG PHQ CHG PUKG TH]G NQWO UYH G[WND ]UF ML[Y CHG PE JTW RD[Z HL[DF OND P KZS@
]UD H]UF YC G[HCNO [CHDQ CJ PLJTW LQOH[LD PE G[WN ]UD ]UF YC GNLQT RLC JTWD NCH
>FN[ PLJTW IHCD [CHDQ RNH JTWG ]KLJ
OON PLOUD ]UF ML[Y RLC G[WN HC RH[HF LHYL[ HD RLC FNH [HND ]D[ZGD D]N LQ L F
[DIE L]LO P C[QEG LWU J G[HQ] GQO ]OHU RGNG O HJ[N OUD VC H]HC PLDL[ZQH
GLOZOH
GOHU DLLJ]S [CN Z[ G[HQC H[DJ OD [WN]GO GYH[ PFC RLC ][DT PCG ZW]TGO L G
ML[Y H[HDU RD[Z L[WQG PLQOH GOHUD OON DLHJQ HSLC RWHCD VC HC [FSD PLQO HC
PL[HCDH PLHFJ HUFLO
w
EQZ
]UF VTHL
GOHUD VC H]QNTG COD H[HDU HDL[ZGO [JCO [WC LC HOQ L[WG PC [D]TQH
GFT DIQ DJ TLESD [I[EG LHFJD PE UH DHJ FLWZQ LCFH GI RWHCD FDULFD VCH PLQOH
[CHDQ GSGH
[HDU JTW RD[Z KJHG OUD RHEN MND HO JHSH [JC [HDU KHJO CLG ]HOLE[G RWHCD GC[S H
RD[ZD HO PL[FS R[U PLSHC[ HD]N HQNH@ H[HDU DL[ZGO HO [QC HOLCN DJS H]C
RN U[LCH H]UFQ CO DL[ZL JLN [DFG RLCN COC H[QC CO >GY[]SN DJS FDC
CZT GO VFO HOZ UGC CHIJ LWU
GI RLC H]UF ]C ML[Y RLC ]HUQ HC GQGDG ]C H[DJO GNIQ PC [QHO FFYQ LQ L I
U H[DJ [HDU RD[Z H]QGD ]C DL[ZQN [DHFQ RCNH HO HSLC [DFD [WN]Q DJS
]HLSQG OU OHFE [HC
MN OU ZOJ CD[ GOLJ]DH I ]H]L[N LWU [WN]Q HSLC LOU [WN] COH L]CKJ D[ZL] [QC LQ J
HD [IJH
D N C N P L W F L Z [ W
FYLNH "PLTNSG ][LNQ ]LUS FYLN ]HDHJ LOUDO ]HUQ ]HDEGO LFN P[NHQO PLQH]L LTNSO F[HLG RLF ]LD FO
" HGU[Q LC DHJ ]LLDE [CDH FZG O UZ[Z [NHQG [DIED RLFG
[]HL COH CZHFD PHL PLO GLOU PLIL[NQH PLQH]LG UZ[Z ]C PLQ PLQH]L LTNSO PLZZIS FDN
L[DFN HS]SQ GQ]T RN PHL PL FZGG PH JZLH CHDL JZLO GYH[G ON HCL ]HDH]N LQOH[L LWU
LSD IL[NGO CD [HQCN PHL PLO PLWHY[ IL[NGO CD LQLDC PD CFTJ D[ [QCH [LCQ LD[
PH [QHC GFHGL LD[ PHL PL PLSHCEH L[ LWU G[H]G ]CL[ZOH RLFO ]HYDZ]G LQL PG LLQJDH
PHL PL GI FJCH GI FJC PL[QHC PLQNJH PHL PLU] FZGG PHH PHL PL PLQH]LG
JDL GHOQ HS]SQ P]TN PDQ[G ZTW C
PL COC PLIL[NQ RLC CLH LQJH LS ]I[NG RLSUO FZGD RLFG FYLN PL[WQG HSF D
CW KLE RLN[U QJOH QTN HCL ]HDH]N LQOH[L U PLWHY[
HLOUHW ]C JOH JZLO GYH[G ]LDG OUD LN P]TSNGH PLOUHW ]CYHG ]UD D[UDH [ZHDD PLIL[NQH
H[LWN POCLH [DFD [NILL PLOUHWG ]TSNG ]UD [ZDDH GZFDO UZ[ZD [LLTOH MOLO P]FHDU [QED
KZ UQTH GL[F L[WU MWGO QLH TH]G
U [JC RLSUD QLH FHUH L[ GCHD] GHU MNH MN GWL CLG MN GL[YQDH GLSQLTD ]LSHOW GF IL[NQH
]DH]NO HC DHJ OUD ]UL[WO PC UZ[ZG ][NQS M[HY GILCO RLLYQH G]QH CLG MNH JDL GHOQ QQ
]HDEGO HO JHS LH PLQHEW PLIHI ODZO ]HCS CHG LSWQ JUDO ]HDEGO HO JHS JZHO L GC
KUQ KUQ ]JZHO LSWQ GCO
ML[Y RLC TH]G HD]N GHQ FD PHNT H]HCD HQYUO UZ[ZG DNUO GYH[ JUDG PC C
OND PL[DHTH PLZOHJ LH HCL ]HDH]N LQOH[LD CDHQ RNH HFLD UZ[ZG PLFLQUQ COC IL[NGO
LDD U EZ QHJ [HKG ZTW RNH ]HQH[]G OUD [LJQG ]C GOUL [JC PFC CQ PLIL[NQ RWHC
DHJ CW U TH]G ][DT OU PLSH[JC GQN HGQ] RNH C[EGDH EGCD
FQZ