]HUFGQ ]JC ONO C[QHJH COHZ L [CN PL[HQC PL[DF GQD FQ RLOHJ CD[G D]N D
[JC PL[WHT ODH [LQJQG [JC MOG G[H] OD C[QHJO FJCH COHZO PGQ FJCN ODC
OZLQG
COH C]L[HCFD VC PGLSN [LQJGO RLC COHZH C[QHJ L FJC ONO PC HL[DFQ UQQH
RSD[FD HKZS PLSHC[GQ L MC ]JC GKL THW]O L COC RSD[FD VC PGLSN OZGO
PHQ [DFD PLQNJ HOZG GIO GI PL[]HT PL[DFG PHZQD VC PGLSN OZGO [WC
HOLWC HOZG PGH@ ]LD[UH GJSQ ]OLW] RQID PLQNJH L[ ]ZHOJQ RLSUO ]HN[D L[ C[H TH]U FNH GJ[LK
UHQO L RNH P LSW U [HDLY J[HK PHQ H[L]G FJC LFL CYL CO MWS GQQ G[HCNO LWUC FJC PHLD
NUDH RSD[FD PE L[]TF L][]D OZGO CSHHE LCG LND [HTC G[LWTG LQLD ][HWT] RLSUO EEY] CQ[GQ
EO[ LDD CDHQDH IN P L[LCQH GC[D U [JC PHLD COC OZGO RLC PL[DHT LH ]FJHLQ COHZ CLG RCN
CD[G ]KLO PLC]Q GIH@ [JC PHLD CO VC PGLS ]OHZN OZGO RLC RHCE PD C[GH CD[G ]UFH
[ZUL] NC ]HTHN FD GDTG ]HFHC PLQNJG ]ZHOJQD OZGO RLC MNO JZ PLJTW R[ UH >OSG RLOHJD
[HTLCO GHYQ RLD ZOJO RN]L MC LFFGC L[]TF PHZQD VC OZGO OHNL GLG GCOD UQQH L[QEO GSZ]G
>C ]HN[D LGZD RLSUG [HCDD UUH F OON ]HCHZQ QGU U
H]HQN GNOG PNJG ]UF GQ ZWT L [CN RCNOH RCNO [LQJGO RLC LW OU VC C[QED [CHDQ
CDLZU LD[ EGS M[FNH MOHG MJD OLTNG OOND HSLCH ZWTG LSWQ [LQJGO L PL[JC PU H]ZHOJQD
KDD FJCD CHG GSG C[ OOG ]LDO PCG HO ZW]TS LN KDD FJCD HKZLO EH[]CD PL[HLU LS
HD HKD HC
L CWLTG ZHLF HC [ZLU CL[G ZHLF PC RHEN GNOGD [JC ZWT L [CN GID CYHLN
[]HQH FO DL[O ]HTJHLQG ]H IKN C[G ]HD U C]L[HCF RHFLSD FY ONO [LQJGO
G[LWTG LQLD ][HWT]Q ]HUSQLG RLSUO P LJH HZT EY] CEQ U RSD[FD VC [LQJGO
GNOG ]ZLTW RLSUO COC PGQ FJCN THW]O ML[Y H[QC CO CL PLQNJG ]ZHOJQD PEH
UL[NGO HFLD RLC PC ODC PL[]HT PL[DFGN COHZO HC C[QHJO UL[NGO RLC G]U[NGH
RLC PC R[G LHFJD NNH UGC L[ GLQJS L[DF LWU ZWTG ]QJQ ]HUFG L]N C[QHJO EGHS
G[HCNO QNH PGLSN [LQJGO RLC H[QC PGQ FJCN GNOGN Z[H C]L[HCFD [LQJGO L GNOG LQN UHFL
][QHJN EHGSO HLOU UL[NGO HFLD RLC PFC P]T DI JHC CJ RHLYO [HC ]HD D]N DHLNH OSG CEQD
FQO COH FHQOO HO GLG LSWQ MOHG MHJD OLTNG C[ZS QQ RCN CDKL[D UH G[H] OD PLFFYG LS
PGLS ][QHJN [LQJGO HLOU UFHL HSLC FHU ON PEG
FJCN KHZSO HO L H[QC HL]HD[Q PG PLZOHJG PLQNJG LSN CZHF CQ FFY LQ LH
PC HL]HD[ PSLCN HOLWC RN]LH SZ FHL CHIJ LWU G[H] OD [LQJGO L LNG HCOD ODC PGQ
P CHIJH I IU CDKL[U ]QLHTQ GNL]J OU HO HZTWH OHCO CD
J I PLWF
"ROGOF PLSWHCD OHWQG LHDQ O H[NG FYLN CL
GUZDO OHWQ HLFY LSD HC GUZDO LSG HFYDH PLD[G ]H[O FJC FYD OHWQ C
LSG HFYD [YJ HC GDJ[H FJC HFYQ PLD[G ]H[ D
COZ
]UF VTHL
ODC PLD[G ]H[O PLJH]W PGLFY LSQN COC PLOHWQG ]HCHDQ ]SZ] OU OLUOF PLCS]G HZOJS CO C
J]WG ][HY HO PLHU ONG L[DFO RCNQH RCNQ GUZD HC RCNQ ]LOQ[N GUZDH RCNQ PLD[G ]H[
D[ [QC GFHGL D[ RCNQ G[HZH LJOH RCNQ
GF FN L[ RCN TH]H C[ LWU ]LOQ[NO X[WSN HSLF PL]CT ]LDQ []HL VW[ZO X[WS
[HQCGQ GC[SH ]HY[W GD LH ]LOQ[N CLG [LU ]HFHC G] DL[G ]HD PE UH NC ISDC U OLDO
]LOQ[NO X[WSO ]CI GHG NLWUCH LG[ CLG G[H]GQ P
GFHGL D[ G[HGH PLUH[ [WND GUQ GLG GI RCNQ PL]DG L[HJC [YJ RLQN GDJ[H RCNQ PLD[G ]H[ D
C[QED [CHDQH FDOD G[HZH LJOD H[NG PH]T LHDQN HSLF COC GDJ[O JH]WG FYD PHON ML[Y RLC
PH]T LHDQN HSLF J]W PHQ ]LSHFLS [UQ ]HJW GY[LWD PLD[G ]H[O GYH[W GDJ[G LWUC
[G[O OHWQN COH
MQGN ]LC[S LWO [HTC GFLYO GON ODC GDJ[ UYQCO LHDQG GON COC HS CO VTHL D[ [QC
GI ODC GI FESN GI PLSHHNQ PLJ]WG RLCN COC []HQ RLC GD[ [QC UYQCO GONN HOLWCH LHDQG
LO]HN GHL MNDH FYD PL]D GSDL CQ RWHC OND CL[Q D[ [TC FLJL O GDJ[DH [HTC GI FESN
GDJ[G FYO GON LHDQG CYQSH LHDQG LO]HN PU GDJ[G M[HC
RNH GI FESN GI PLSHHNQ PLJ]WG HOLWC []HQ HL[DFOH GD[ OU ZOHJ VTHL D[ J[ H[LWO
PC ZTW HIL PDQ[G HOLCH FDC[GQ CLDG RNH VTHL D[N ZTWH [ZLUO CD[G KZS
ZOHJ VTHL D[ RLC [D]TQ HD]N R[GH CDKL[G RNH VL[D QNH [HTC PLSHHNQ PLJ]WG
GD[ OU
LHDQG LSD PU [YJG LSD HD[LU PC [YJ [JCG HFYQH [G[ FJCG HFYQ L[GH [YJO HCHOQD LHDQG X[WS
FESN [G[O GY[LW [YJD L LWUCH PH]T LHDQ RLFN G[HZ HC LJO LFL OU LHDQD OKOKO []HQ
[HTC HD[LU CO PCH >PLD[ ODH PLSHHNQ PLJ]WG RLCH UYQCO GON OSN@ HOLW DJS GI RLC LHDQG
HQUKH D[ ]UFD ] D[ ZOLJ MN >GNH]O PLUZHD PLD[G LWUCH [YJD []HQ ODC@ LHDQD OKOKO
PLSHFLS PSLC [YJO HCHOQD X[WS L[G LHDQD PLC[S PSLCH LHDQO XHJQ PLC[SG O]HNG LWHWLE P]HC
RLC OSG GDJ[D NCQ@ LHDQG LSD OU PL[THC [YJG LSD MNOG LHDQD OHKOKG [L]GO LJO PHQ
>L[WN PL[HLF GD
OKOKO []HQ LHDQG LSD PU [YJG LSD HD[LU CO HOLWC [YJO HCHOQD LHDQG X[WS CO PC C
> X[WS RHO ]HUQQ RN@ LHDQG LSD PU PLOLE[ [YJG LSD RLCN [HQC GI ONH LHDQD
[H TH]H L[ RWHC OND PGQU D[UO PLNL[Y PLOLE[ PC ODC
UQQH PLD[G ]H[O OHWQN RHFLS PHQ LHDQG [HTCO HD]N JLIL ]D PDQ[GH VL[G D
VL[G OU GQ] CD[GH R]SHGL HSD[ NNH [YJG LSD PU HD[LU HOLWC
OHWQN HGL[GH FJC [DF HUS LHDQGH [YJG IC HD[LU [CN Z[ [HTCO D]N GI[GH
[]HQ HD[LU PC [CHDQ HIL ]D FDC[DH OHKOKD []HQ LHDQG PE HD[LU CO ODC [G[O
PCH LHDQO PE ]HOLUHQ [YJG ]HYLJQ LSWQ GFLYD [YJO JH]W CHG HOLWC LHDQD OKOKO
[HTCH OHWQN HGL[G HD[LU CO
UYQCD GON CHG LSWQ [G[O HOLWG PHQ LHDQG [HTCO RLC L[WN ZTW C[GH
RLC MNOG LK ROGOFN LJO PHQ RHFLS PLSWDQ GC[S HSLCH XHJDQ GC[S GNOG PEH [YJG
HOLWC LNH GF GN TH]G HKZS RNH [YJG MH]O PLTSNS HLO]N PC COC OHKOKD [HTC LHDQG
PH]T LHDQ RLFN OHKOKD LHDQG []HQ HD[LU CO
DOZ
RLDH[LU ]NTQ PHNLTO ]HDH]H ]HOC
HZOJS GI FESN GI RHEN [G[O OHWQ DJS [G[O GYH[W [YJO XH[WG LHDQG PLSWHCD E
TH] LWU HCO PC FHUH R[ CDKL[ CD[ LWU HHOLW ULZWGO LJO HO OLUHQ PCG PLSHC[G
CLZ IHC
PL[L]Q PCG [G[O OHWQG LHDQG FESN ]SHHNQ G]Y[W [YJG RLFD PLSHC[G HZOJS F
HLHFJD R[GH ZGHDUD CD[G ]UF RN GI RWHCD LHDQG ]C ]H[THCG ]HUFO HOLWC GNH]D OKOKO
G[HC R[Z UH L[ ]UFD C[GQ ICL[ LWU HCO PC TH]GQH PDQ[GQ SNH O[GQH
FESN HI ]HSHHNQG ]HY[LWD RCNQH RCNQ ]LOQ[NO HC [G[O GJH]WG [YJD PLSH[JCG HZOJSH
]HDH P [IHUG RDCH GT JHC CEQH IK U HCO PC J]WG ][HY COD OHKOKD ][]HQ PCG HI
[YJ RHFLSD UH >JQ [HC [WTD TH]GQ JLNHGO NNH@ [L]GO CEQH IKN [ZLUO KZS JW[ DT[ [IS LSDC
GDJ[ OU []HL GN[C
J VF
"ROGOF ]HCHDQG O PSLF GQ DL
G[U GGHDEG GWCO GON FJC HFYH PLO GON FJC HFY LHDQ C
OFSN LHUG LHDQ D
[YZ FJC HFYH MH[C FJC HFY LHDQ E
]H[O JH]W [JC HC[H PH]T FJC HC[H GWCO GON [JC HFYH PLO GON FJCG HFY LHDQD GUQ C
HO L L[G CO [HTLC []G COH [HTLC CO HD G[HG COH LD[ LSWO CDH G[HZH LJOD RZH]Q PLD[G
OKSL] CQ CO []G G[U GGHDE GWCG RNH OHO] RH[FQD H]WD G[U ZHQU PLG ]HYLJQ
PLQNJ ]UFDH RHK[ PLG GOULH >]HSWLO GLHU GSLC PLD[ O ODC FLJL O GWCD H[LWH@ GWC
[HTLCO ZTW RQJS D[H H[L]G HC H[TC PCG ]HSHOG HZOJS
RHZL] ML[Y PGLSLD JK H]HC ]YZ PLZJH[Q PC ODC PLO QQ PLNHQT PL]DG [DHFQ C
TH]G LWU COZT ET CEQ ]HQC [UQ G[]LG GY[LW RLFN
PLO >]HQC [UQ []HLD@ HL]HYLJQ ]YZQD XH[W COC LHDQO ]HYLJQ O L RWHCD PE D
LWUCH@ RHZL] COD X[HWQ CYQSH RHK[ PLG GOULH GWCG GSWL] CQ PLHJ GWCOH
KDT OGCD U PLFFY OD XH[WG OU GDH[Q FQHUG PHQ FLJLG ]H[ HGL[G G[H]GQ
CLEHTD [DHFQG ]C MN [LW G] DL[G ]DH]D [CHDQGQ UQQ RN >GIZ CHIJ
RLC [QL[Q L[DFO J[ ]T[EN T[E@ RHK[ PLG GOUL CQ PLHJ RLC ZTW GIL ]D PDQ[G E
RQJS D[N ZTW P[GQH >GSQ FLEQ PLD COH H[TC FLJL O GWCD PL[THCG PLQNJH PLHJ
FHUH CD[G ZTW RNH CEGD CDHQ PL[THC PLQNJ
PLO XH[WG PHZQD G[HZH LJO HC J]WG ][HY RHZL] OLUHQ UQQ [HKGH C[H L[Q F
HOKOKLH PLG EHTL CQ PLHJ LN ]H[HQE ]HYLJQ ML[Y [DHT GC[S QQG L[DFQH
COZT ET CEQ LWU GOLJ]D P PLG GLG PHZQO LHDQGQ
]H FN ROGO CD[ LWU [GSD CO ODC RHK[ GOUL CQ PLHJ PLD CZHF L[Q UQQ G
RLC GUHDZ GSLC PL RHO LDE DL ROGO CDKL[UH CNZ ZT P DSQH COZT ET CEQ G] DL[G
[UQ []HL [GSG DJH[ RLCN QQH [DFD PLZW]TQN PLC[S FN TH]GH PLHJ COH RHK[ GOUL JLN
EOZ
[HTCO L XLZD DLL]GO PLOLE[G ]H[GSD POHCH CDKL[D UH C[GQDH U PLHJ RLC
COZT ET CEQ LWU DLL PHZQ H]HCO HOKOKL CQ
]UF VTHL
P CEQ OKOKO [HTCH GYLJQG GOKD PLQG H[ZS
RCNO HSQQ PLCYHL PLSKZ ]HCHDQH FJC HFYD PLD[G ]H[O JH]WG LC[ LHDQ OFSN LHUG LHDQ D
][HY GHU LLDC [QC PD[ LWU GI FESN GI HOLWC PL[WQ LH FHUH ][ GI FESN CO GI RCNOH
ML[Y RLCH PH]TN HSLF PHZU LHDQ OCHQO COG HOC CD[H G[HZH LJOD PL[]HQ [CGH OHFEO J]WG
PFYQ POHNO J]WG ][HY GHU COC ]HLQHQZUG OND RHZL] ML[YH OHWQN HSLF D[OH J]WG ][HY
D[N G[HZH LJO L[ [G[O GSHWG [JCG FYDH ]HLQHQZUD L[ FJCG
FJC FY [WO ML[Y H]HQLQZUD RHZL] ML[Y RLC PHZU LHDQ H OLUO U PLSHC[G ]KLO C
[G[O CYHLG OHFEG LHDQG J]W [JC FY H [G[O PLSHWG PLSKZG ]HCHDQG LJ]W HSLLG
J]WG ][HY GHU FJC FYD PLSKZG ]HCHDQG OND FJC FY R[H CD[U PL[WQ LH
HI GUFO G[HZ HC LJO GHU [JCG FYD ]HCHDQG ONDH >LC[G LHDQG J]WO GHU RNH@
M[FG [YZQ HSLC GIN LHDQH OLCHG J]WG ][HY RGD RLC J ][HYD ]HCHDQO HJO RLC
>WGHY RHUK HSLC D[O HOLWC
G[HZ HC LJOH GI FYQ J]WG ][HY ]HUO ML[Y HLFY LSD [G[O JH]W OHFEG LHDQG GLG D
ML[Y D[OH [G[O JH]WG FYD G[HZ HC LJO ]HUO ML[Y OCHQO PLSKZDH GI FYQ
>PLSHC[G ]ZHOJQ ]HQLQZUDH@ J]WG ][HY ]HUO
RHTNOCD G[HZG ]C JLSQ ]HQC UD[CQ ]HJW MH[CG VFHU PC [YZ FJC HFYH MH[C FJC HFY LHDQ E
[YZG FESN COC G[HZG ]C JLSQ HSLC ]HQC UD[C TH]H L[ G[HZG FU JKG OND Q]QH
]JC RHOOH HLNOQ [D CSGN D[ PD LQHLSQ [D CSGN D[ PD CWLOJ] [D CSGN D[ [QC RN [HLD
GYLJQ CLG RHTNOCD PEH GYLJQ PHQ GOLUHQ G[HZ PQUK CD[ [LWH D[F GLD[ GD[ CSGN D[ PD
CSGN D[ [YZG FESN COC JLSQ HSLC ]HQC [UQ []HL RHTNOCD L PC POHCH
PLSWO G[HZG JLSGO OHNL [UQ []HL RHTNOCD LH ]HQC UD[CQ ]HJW MQS MH[CG [CN
FESN [HLD GJLSGO ML[Y RLCH [UQ []HL RHTNOCG CGL CO RLSUD MH[CG O]HNG GYZQ
CW UH CDKL[ LWU CZHF [YZG
H]HC ON LSWQ [HLD [YZG FESN COC G[HZG JLSGO RLC ]HQC UD[C MH[CD LN POHCH
]QC ]W OON G[HZG ]JSG PHZQ HSLCH HQYUO LHDQN RHFLS ZOJ
RLC RHTNOCDH [NLG PHQ G[HZ [YZG FESN COC G[HZG ]C JLSQ HSLC GI FJCH GI FJC [QC CD[H
[NLG
R]LO OHNL LHDQG MH]D POHCH OET JHC R]SHGL HSD[H C[ NIL PDQ[ LWU CD[N GNOG C
MH]D PL[QHC LH OET JHC C[ LWU G[HZG PHZQ FU Q]GO []HQH RHTNOCD G[HZG
UHH [HKG RHOQ ZLLFO CNZT ET IKG D]N RN [UQ []HL RHTNOCG PC HOLWC OLUHQ LHDQG
G[HC R[ZD FFY RNH C[QEGQ ]QC ]WD ZLLF RNH
LZTWD U CD[N CO GNOGO KZS >OHTW [UQ []HL RLFG CLDG MNQ@ UQQ VL[GQH
G[HZH LJO LLDCN GNOG HK ROGO CEGD CDHQ IHCD FFYQ RNH G[HC R[Z [WTDH DCN GDH]DH C[G
GYLJQ PHQ
G[HZG JLSGO []HQ CD[ GFHQ [WC PLJWK GOQ ]HJW H[DJQ MH[C FJC O]HN GLG D
RN]L MC [UQ []HL RHTNOCG PC HOLWC []HQ GI RWHCD UQQ LQOH[LDH RHTNOCD
G[HC R[Z LWU MN OU ZOHJ HSO FHQO]
FOZ